Ekoloji最新文献

{"title":"Removal of Cadmium by Electrocoagulation and a Cost Evaluation","authors":"A. Yılmaz, S. Bayar, R. Boncukcuoğlu, B. A. Fil","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.853","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocoagulation method was selected for the removal of Cd+2. The effects of the parameters such as current density, pH, and supporting electrolyte concentration on this method were studied. The Cd+2 concentration, stirring speed, and temperature were 250 mg/L, 150 rpm, and 293 K in the determination of the optimum pH. The results obtained showed that a pH of 6 provided the highest Cd+2 removals. A pH of 6 was taken to be a constant optimum value while studying the effects of current density and supporting electrolyte concentration on removal. Current density values were chosen as 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mA/cm 2 . Increasing current density increased Cd +2 removals significantly. Removal of 58%, 85%, 95%, and 99% were found for current densities of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mA/cm2 with an initial concentration of 250 mg/L with a reaction time of 30 minute, respectively. An increase in current density caused an extreme increase in energy consumption. Energy consumption was 0.363 kW-h/m3 for a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2 with a reaction time of 30 minutes while it was 1.575, 3.85, and 7.51 kWh/m3 for a current density of 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 mA/cm2 at a pH of 6, respectively. It was found that the effect of supporting electrolyte concentration on removal efficiency was negative. As supporting electrolyte concentration increased, removal efficiency decreased and the energy consumption rate increased. It was determined, as a the result of the experiments, that Cd +2 ions can be removed at the rate of 99% with a pH of 6, a 250 mg/L Cd+2 concentration, a 150 rpm stirring speed, a temperature of 293 K and a current density of 1.50 mA/cm2 in an aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farklı Bitki Örtüsü Altındaki Topraklarda Mineralleşme Potansiyeli (Artvin-Genya Dağı Yöresi- Türkiye)","authors":"Mehmet C. Unver, Yıldız Doğan, M. küçük, Aydin Tufekcioglu","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.857","url":null,"abstract":"In this study was conducted to investigate mineralization potentials of different land uses in the area of Genya Mountain-Artvin in 2011. For these purposes, soil samples were taken from surface 0-15 cm depth in young spruce stands, old spruce stands and spruce stand with Rhododendron understory, and adjacent grassland sites with similar parent material, slope and aspect. Samples were subjected to standard incubation technique in laboratory conditions (60% MSK and 25°C).\u0000Mineralization rate differed significantly among sites. Nitrification rates were significantly higher in grassland sites compared to other sites (174.61 N ha 21 day-1). There was a strong positive correlation between nitrate production rate and soil organic matter content (r2=0.70) and total N contents of soils (r2=0.80). There was also a negative correlation between nitrification rate and C/N content (r2=-0.48). Although soil organic matter contents of soils were relatively high, N mineralization rate wasn’t as high as expected. It was argued that the reason behind these lower rates was relatively high acidity in soils of the sites.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orta Karadeniz Kıyı Şeridi Abdal Irmağı Havzasında Toplam Maksimum Günlük Yük Belirlenmesi","authors":"Eda Ozbayrak, Gülfem Bakan","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.859","url":null,"abstract":"Total maximum daily load is a tool that used to organize water quality standards and it bases on relationship between water quality conditions and pollutant sources. In this study, to apply WARMF (Watershed Analysis Risk Management) Model to Abdal river basin which is located at the Mid-Black Sea Coast, to calculate the total maximum daily loads over point and nonpoint specific parameters in the river basin area. Abdal river basin is an important area because of Cakmak Dam which provides drinking and irrigation water in Samsun city constructed above the river basin area. WARMF model was chosen because of it is a tool designed to support the watershed approach, to evaluate alternatives the river basin water quality management to achieve results over many parameters for stakeholders and especially calculating total maximum daily load that to propose for the reasons. In order to obtain the most accurate and precise results in model, calibration studies were carried on according to 2008-2009 seasonal change results in study site and relative errors were calculated between measurements and model calculations. After then WARMF model calibration and run, TMDL calculated for regional loading and source contributions along the river basin. According to this results, it was calculated that for the present situation nitrate TMDL the highest value WLA 730 kg/day on the sub-basin 2 and the lowest value LA 380 kg/day on the sub basin 3, total phosphorus TMDL, the highest value WLA 72 kg/day on the sub-basin 2 and the lowest value LA 37 kg/day on the sub- basin 1. In addition to running WARMF model of the river basin, it was determined that nitrate nitrogen TMDL resulted from 22% distributed sources, 33% agricultural sources, 45% other usage sources and total phosphorus TMDL resulted from 42% distributed sources, 26% agricultural sources, 32% other usage sources.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Diclofenac and Paracetamol by Activated Sludge","authors":"Halil Kabak, M. Basibuyuk","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dasylirion cedrosanum Trelease (Nolinaceae) Density Varies Depending on Elevation and Slope in the Northeast of Zacatecas, Mexico","authors":"Alfredo Robles-Esparza, Hermes Robles-Berumen, F. Blanco-Macías, M. Martínez-Salvador, R. Valdez-Cepeda","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.852","url":null,"abstract":"There is little or no specific and concise information on the ecological conditions which constrain distribution, abundance, and density of Dasylirion cedrosanum Trelease keeping in mind that such knowledge is indispensable to promote and support plantations and reforestation programs in order to confront the consequences of a possible depletion of natural populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate D. cedrosanum density as related to ecological factors such as latitude, longitude, altitude, slope, soil texture fractions, pH, electric conductivity, available nitrogen and phosphorus contents, and organic matter content on a xerophytic scrub in the northeast of the Mexico’s state of Zacatecas. Data from 41 square–shaped sampling units of 1.000 m 2 each from an area of 2.422.2 ha where altitude varies from 2.000 to 2.356 masl, and slope inclination changes from moderate (5.5%) to steep (44.2%) was analyzed through linear relationships, quadratic functions, and principal components analysis. Results provide compelling evidence about D. cedrosanum density depends on elevation, inclination, and soil silt and sand contents. A triangularshaped dispersion of observations when density is plotted against each soil, silt or sand, contents was appreciated. A significant humped trend suggest that sites having slopes around 20%, although it could be in the 10 to 30% slope range, provides a better habitat for this species. D. cedrosanum plants are scarcer, that is, present at low and minimum densities (< 259 plants ha-1) in the sampled units characterized by high","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gölardı (Terme/Samsun) Yaban Hayatı Koruma Alanı’nın Psammofil, Higrofil ve Orman Vejetasyonu Üzerine Sintaksonomik Bir Araştırma","authors":"H. Korkmaz, Ümmügülsüm Mumcu, Safinaz Alka, H. Kutbay","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.858","url":null,"abstract":"In this study Golardi (Terme/Samsun) Wildlife Protecting Area vegetation was investigated based on the traditional Braun-Blanquet method, and associations were identified and classified. The syntaxonomic scheme is as follows:\u0000Ammophiletea Br.-Bl. & Tuxen ex Westhoff, Dijk & Passchier 1946\u0000Ammophiletalia Br.-Bl. 1933\u0000Ammophilion australis Br.-Bl. 1921 corr. Rivas-Martinez, Costa & Izco in Rivas-Martinez, Lousa, T.E. Diaz, Fernandez-Gonzalez & J.C. Costa 1990 1-Eryngio maritimi-Pancratietum maritimi Cakan et al. 2003\u0000Verbasco thapsus - Hippophaetum caucasicae (Kilinc and Ozkanca 1991) nom. novum\u0000Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941\u0000Phragmitetalia Koch 1926\u0000Rumici hydrolapathum - Sparganietum neglectum ass. nova\u0000Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937\u0000Plantaginetalia majoris Tuxen & Preising in Tuxen 1950\u0000Trifolio fragiferi-Cynodontion dactyli Br.-Bl. & O. Bolos 1958 4-Samolo valerandi - Juncetum acuti ass. nova\u0000Salici purpureae - Populetea nigrae Rivas-Martinez, Fernandez Gonzalez, Loidi, Lousa et Penas 2001\u0000Populetalia albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948\u0000Pterocaryo fraxinifoliae - Alnetum barbatae (Quezel, Barbero et Akman 1980) nom. mutatum\u0000Platanthero chloranthae - Fraxinetum oxycarpae ass. nova\u0000Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937\u0000Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis Quezel, Barbero & Akman 1980\u0000Castaneo sativae-Carpinion orientalis Quezel, Barbero & Akman 1980 7-Sambuco nigrae - Carpinetum betuli ass. nova","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of Trace Elements and the Assessment of the Genotoxicity in the Lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea Transplanted to a Polluted Site in Ankara","authors":"D. Cansaran-Duman, S. Aras, O. Atakol, Ilknur Atasoy","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.851","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, our aim is to describe the heavy metal contents of Pseudevernia furfuracea lichen samples exposed to various polluted areas in the province of Ankara, Turkey. P. furfuracea lichen samples were collected from the Yenice Forest in Karabuk and were transported in bags to different sites in Ankara. The heavy metal concentrations of P. furfuracea were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. In addition, DNA alterations in the exposed lichen samples were described by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, in order to reveal the pattern of genetic variations influenced by the various environmental pollutants. Genomic template stabilities (GTS) were calculated from the changes in the RAPD profiles and compared with the element content in the P. furfuracea lichen sample. The results obtained from chemical analysis were accumulated species of all the","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trabzon'da Yağmur Sularinin Analizi","authors":"Ömer Dalman, Anıl Arslan","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8512","url":null,"abstract":"Ozet Bu calismada, Trabzon sehrinin 12 aylik donemde yagan yagisin kimyasal ozelliklerinin incelenmesi amaciyla uc ayri istasyonda toplanan yagis orneklerinde SO4 2- , NO3 - , NO2 - , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , pH, PM 10 ve SO2 analiz edildi. Ornekleme istasyonlari Valilik, Bahcecik ve KTU kampus mevkiinde kurulmustur. Bu istasyonlardan Mayis 2008 ve Nisan 2009 tarihleri arasinda ornekler alinmistir. Yapilan analiz sonucunda ortalama pH degeri 6,81, ortalama sulfat, nitrat, nitrit, kalsiyum, magnezyum, PM10 ve SO 2 degerleri sirasiyla 2,99 mg SO4 2-/L, 0,30 mg NO3 -/L, 0,05 mg NO2 -/L, 0,66 mg Ca2+/L, 0,60 mg Mg2+/L, 40,50 μg PM 10 /m 3 ve 16,10 μg SO2/m 3 tespit edilmistir. Bu calismada elde edilen sonuclar, Turkiye'de yapilan diger calismalar ile karsilastirilmistir. Genel olarak, bu calismanin sonuclari, yagmur sularinin guclu yerel antropojenik kaynaklardan etkilendigini gostermistir. Yagmur suyu orneklerinde kirleticiler ozellikle tasimacilik, yerel sanayi ve trafikten kaynaklanmistir. Yagmur sularinin bu donemde alkali karakterde oldugu tespit edilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Asit yagmuru, hava kirliligi, Trabzon Kenti, yagmur suyu. Analysis of Rain Water in Trabzon Abstract This study has been carried out to investigate the chemical properties of the rains in winter in Trabzon city, Black Sea Region, Turkey. The rain water samples were collected at three stations which are in the, the Governership, Bahcecik and KTU campus standing. SO4 2-, NO3 -, NO2 -, Ca2+, Mg2+ pH, PM10 and SO2 concentrations of samples were determined. The samples are taken from May 2008 to April 2009 at these three stations. The average pH value was 6.81. The average pollutant concentrations of the rainwater samples were determined as follows : 2.99 mg SO4 2-/L, 0.30 mg NO3 -/L, 0.05 mg NO2 -/L, 0.66 mg Ca2+/L, 0.60 mg Mg2+/L, 40.50 μg PM10 /m3, 16.10 μg SO 2 /m3. The results of this study, compared with other studies conducted in Turkey. In general, the results of this study suggested that rainwater chemistry is strongly influenced by local anthropogenic sources rather than natural and marine sources. The pollutants in rainwater samples were mainly derived from transport, local industry and traffic sources. Rain water during this period have been found to be alkaline.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical Scavenging Activity of Thymbra spicata and Quercus ithaburensis in a Fenton Reagent Environment and Their Protective Effects on Unsaturated Fatty Acids","authors":"Ö. Yılmaz, H. Akkaya","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.854","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the aim is to investigate the preventive effects of T. spicata and Q. ithaburensis extracts on lipid peroxidation (LPO) formation and unsaturated fatty acids in a Fenton reagent environment. The in vitro experiments were divided into four groups, the first group being the control, the second group Fenton’s reagent (FeCl2+H2O2, Fenton R), the third group Fenton’s reagent plus T. spicata extracts, and the fourth group Fenton’s reagent plus Q. ithaburensis extracts. According to the experimental results, while the LPO level in the T. spicata group partially decreased (p<0.05), the LPO level in the Q. ithaburensis group was distinctly high (p<0.001) compared to the control group. The LPO level in the Fenton R group when compared to the T. spicata group, increased ten-fold (p <0.0001), where the Q. ithaburensis group decreased by 50% (p <0.001). When the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts of T. spicata and Q. ithaburensis were examined, they were found to be as effective as quercetin (p<0.05) The fatty acid levels were analyzed for the in vitro environment, the amount of fatty acids in the T. spicata and Q. ithaburensis groups were higher than that of the Fenton R group (p<0.001). Our test results confirm that T. spicata and Q. ithaburensis extracts decreased the LPO level in the Fenton reagent containing environment and they noticeably protect the unsaturated fatty acids in the environment from radical sourced oxidations.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Bisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A on Bread and Durum Wheat Varieties","authors":"M. Doğan, M. Korkunç, O. Yumrutas","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8513","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on seed germination of a bread wheat variety, Sagittario, and a durum wheat variety, Zenith, were investigated. In addition, some of the biochemical changes in seedling roots and shoots were also measured. Seed germination changed insignificantly in 10 mg/L BPA and TBBPA applications; however, seed germination was significantly inhibited by 50 mg/L of BPA and TBBPA concentration in both varieties with the exception of 50 mg/L BPA in Zenith. Similarly, root and shoot development was adversely affected by high concentrations of BPA and TBBPA. The toxic effects of BPA and TBBPA on the roots were histochemically determined. Wheat varieties have the capacity to tolerate oxidative stress at 10 mg/L concentrations. The concentration-dependant decreases in the protein contents of the roots and shoots of the wheat varieties was also determined. An enhancement in the H2O2 level and lipid peroxidation in the roots and shoots was","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}