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Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts最新文献

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Low Toughness and Embrittlement Phenomena in Steels 钢中的低韧性和脆化现象
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410439
{"title":"Low Toughness and Embrittlement Phenomena in Steels","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410439","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the causes of cracking, embrittlement, and low toughness in carbon and low-alloy steels and their differentiating fracture surface characteristics. It discusses the interrelated effects of composition, processing, and microstructure and contributing factors such as hot shortness associated with copper and overheating and burning as occur during forging. It addresses various types of embrittlement, including quench embrittlement, tempered-martensite embrittlement, liquid-metal-induced embrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement, and concludes with a discussion on high-temperature hydrogen attack and its effect on strength and ductility.","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90113529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Isothermal and Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams 等温和连续冷却转变图
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410197
{"title":"Isothermal and Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410197","url":null,"abstract":"Isothermal and continuous cooling transformation (CT) diagrams help users map out diffusion-controlled phase transformations of austenite to various mixtures of ferrite and cementite. This chapter discusses the application as well as limitations of these engineering tools in the context of heat treating eutectoid, hypoeutectoid, and proeutectoid steels. It also provides references to large collections of transformation diagrams and includes several diagrams that plot quenching and hardening transformations as a function of bar diameter.","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78875542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Martensite 马氏体
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00901-3
{"title":"Martensite","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00901-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00901-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83977548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hardness Conversions 硬度转换
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410647
{"title":"Hardness Conversions","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410647","url":null,"abstract":"This appendix is a compilation of approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strengths for carbon and alloy steels in the annealed, normalized, and quenched-and-tempered conditions.","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90987348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tool Steels 工具钢
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.3403/30337414
{"title":"Tool Steels","authors":"","doi":"10.3403/30337414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3403/30337414","url":null,"abstract":"Tools steels are defined by their wear resistance, hardness, and durability which, in large part, is achieve by the presence of carbide-forming alloys such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. This chapter describes the alloying principles employed in various tool steels, including high-speed, water-hardening, shock-resistant, and hot and cold work tool steels. It discusses the influence of alloy design on the evolution of microstructure and properties during solidification, heat treating, and hardening operations. It also describes critical phase transformations and the effects of partitioning, precipitation, segregation, and retained austenite.","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87532243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 152
Hardness and Hardenability 硬度和淬透性
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410335
{"title":"Hardness and Hardenability","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410335","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The properties of martensite and the mechanisms that govern its formation are the key to understanding hardness and the hardenability of carbon steel. Martensite is a transformation product of austenite that requires rapid cooling to suppress diffusion-dependent transformation pathways. This chapter describes the conditions that must be met for martensite to form. It discusses the role of quenching and the factors that affect cooling rate, including heat transfer, thermal diffusivity, emissivity, and section size. It defines hardenability and explains how to quantify it using the Grossmann-Bain approach or Jominy end-quench testing. It also explains how hardenability can be improved through the addition of boron, phosphorus, and other alloys.","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84402085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Residual Stresses, Distortion, and Heat Treatment 残余应力，变形和热处理
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410487
{"title":"Residual Stresses, Distortion, and Heat Treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410487","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature and deformation gradients developed in the course of manufacturing can have undesired effects on the microstructures along their path; the two most common being residual stress and distortion. This chapter discusses these manufacturing-related problems and how they can be minimized by heat treatments. It also provides information on residual stress evaluation and prediction techniques.","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75082133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Bainite 贝氏体
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00090-5
W. Reynolds
{"title":"Bainite","authors":"W. Reynolds","doi":"10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00090-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00090-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81677471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Primary Processing Effects on Steel Microstructure and Properties 初级加工对钢组织和性能的影响
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410163
{"title":"Primary Processing Effects on Steel Microstructure and Properties","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410163","url":null,"abstract":"Inclusions and chemical segregation are factors in many process-induced failures involving steel parts. Inclusions are nonmetallic compounds introduced during production; segregation is a type of chemical partitioning that occurs during solidification. This chapter discusses the origins of segregation and inclusions and their effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of steel. It explains how to identify various types of inclusions and characteristic segregation patterns, such as banding. It also describes the effect of hot work processing on solidification structure and the chemical variations produced by interdendritic segregation.","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78196395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications 高碳素钢-完全珠光体显微组织和电线和钢轨应用
Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410315
{"title":"High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410315","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This chapter describes the mechanical properties of fully pearlitic microstructures and their suitability for wire and rail applications. It begins by describing the ever-increasing demands placed on rail steels and the manufacturing methods that have been developed in response. It then explains how wire drawing, patenting, and the Stelmor process affect microstructure, and describes various fracture mechanisms and how they appear on steel wire fracture surfaces. The chapter concludes by discussing the effects of torsional deformation, delamination, galvanizing, and aging on patented and drawn wires.","PeriodicalId":11535,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Steels - Volume 1: Fundamentals and basic concepts","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88417932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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