Emergency Medicine Journal最新文献

{"title":"Endotracheal tube as chest tube: a back-up alternative in resource limited settings.","authors":"Patrick Schober, Georgios F Giannakopoulos, Stephan A Loer, Lothar A Schwarte","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214492","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thoracostomies, and subsequent placements of chest tubes (CTs), are a standard procedure in several domains of medicine. In emergency medicine, thoracostomies are indicated to release a relevant hemothorax or pneumothorax, particularly a life-threatening tension pneumothorax. In many cases, an initial finger-assisted thoracostomy is followed by placement of a CT to ensure continuous decompression of blood and air. CTs prevent the reoccurrence of a hemothorax or pneumothorax, which may otherwise develop by closure of the initial thoracostomy incision. CTs are commercial, purpose-made products; however, in certain settings, those may not be readily available. Triggered by own experience, we review the use of endotracheal tubes as back-up alternatives to commercial CTs.On a structural base, commercial CTs may not be available in economically challenged regions. Furthermore, in settings with restricted capacity for equipment weight and volume, for example, in mountain rescue backpacks, it might not be feasible to carry CTs, even if the care provider is adequately trained. Finally, care providers may run out of stock of commercial CTs, for example, in civil mass casualty ('MASCAL') scenarios, natural disasters or on the battlefield with difficult resupply. Literature on this topic is very limited. In this manuscript, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of standard endotracheal tubes as alternatives in settings, where commercial CTs are not readily available.Although certainly not advocated as standard, the use of endotracheal tubes as CTs may be a suitable alternative or back-up solution in settings where commercial CTs are not readily available. We assume that this technique will be particularly of interest in settings with a high risk for thoracic injuries and limited availability of commercial CTs, for example, in military conflicts. Given the virtual absence of scientific data, more research on risks, benefits and patient outcome is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"188-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care for older adults living with dementia in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of care partner roles and perspectives.","authors":"Dana Jelinski, Brooklynn Fernandes, Krista Reich, Eddy Lang, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Zahra Goodarzi","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2023-213869","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2023-213869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Care partners play a vital role in supporting persons living with dementia (PLWD) in using medical services. We conducted a meta-synthesis to explore care partner perspectives of ED care for PLWD, as well as healthcare provider (HCP) perceptions of care partner roles within the ED, to identify care gaps and facilitators across the ED continuum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase databases were searched from inception to 8 May 2023. Grey literature was also searched. Articles were included if they reported on care partner roles or experiences regarding care delivery for PLWD in the ED, either from the perspective of care partners or HCPs. A charting exercise was used to categorise the primary focus and outcomes of the articles selected for inclusion. A second charting exercise was used to derive overarching themes based on care partner roles in ED care for PLWD, and care partner perspectives surrounding barriers and facilitators to care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>16 articles were included. Important barriers and facilitators to care for PLWD were identified and organised according to the timepoint of the visit (pre-ED, during a visit and post-ED). Key care gaps and barriers to care included: gaps in primary care access and care planning, ED environment and organisational processes, deficits in communication regarding patient care, lack of care partner involvement in clinical decisions, and difficulties with discharge transitions and follow-up care. Key facilitators to care included: clinical information provided by care partners, care coordination, and care partner support and engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings can aid in developing dementia-friendly EDs by informing policy and practices, as well as environmental modifications. Future studies should focus on the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions targeted towards EDs and primary care settings. Engagement of care partners in these intervention studies will be critical to their success.</p>","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"154-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Being a patient in a crowded emergency department: a qualitative service evaluation.","authors":"Alex I P Craston, Harriet Scott-Murfitt, Mariam T Omar, Ruw Abeyratne, Kate Kirk, Nicola Mackintosh, Damian Roland, James David van Oppen","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2023-213751","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2023-213751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emergency department (ED) crowding causes increased mortality. Professionals working in crowded departments feel unable to provide high-quality care and are predisposed to burnout. Awareness of the impact on patients, however, is limited to metrics and surveys rather than understanding perspectives. This project investigated patients' experiences and identified mitigating interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative service evaluation was undertaken in a large UK ED. Adults were recruited during periods of high occupancy or delayed transfers. Semi-structured interviews explored experience during these attendances. Participants shared potential mitigating interventions. Analysis was based on the interpretative phenomenological approach. Verbatim transcripts were read, checked for accuracy, re-read and discussed during interviewer debriefing. Reflections about positionality informed the interpretative process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven patients and three accompanying partners participated. They were aged 24-87 with characteristics representing the catchment population. Participants' experiences were characterised by 'loss of autonomy', 'unmet expectations' and 'vulnerability'. Potential mitigating interventions centred around information provision and better identification of existing ED facilities for personal needs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants attending a crowded ED experienced uncertainty, helplessness and discomfort. Recommendations included process and environmental orientation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"148-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal update monthly top five.","authors":"Leah Flanagan, Dimitris Smith Diakidis, Gillian Judge, Bibi Ayesha Bassa, Erin Devlin, Etimbuk Umana, Robert Hirst","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2025-214898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2025-214898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":"42 3","pages":"211-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing, implementing and evaluating multidisciplinary healthcare training programmes in the wartime humanitarian context of Ukraine.","authors":"Sean M Kivlehan, Michelle Niescierenko, Kathleen Murray, Javed Ali, Geoffrey Anderson, Carolyn Baer, Serhii Baranov, Aziz Baig, Viktoriia Borysiuk, Morgan C Broccoli, Katherine Biniki, Noah Carton-Rossen, Kevin Collopy, Anton Darnytskyi, Oleksandra Demetska, Katherine Doyle, Catalina González Marqués, Donell Harvin, Roman Holivets, Alona Goncharova, Jill John-Kall, Yelyzaveta Kalnybolotska, Bohdan Kanzeba, Kyrylo Kliukach, Olha Kushner, David Lewander, Janet Lienau, Gideon Loevinsohn, Oleksii Lopatniuk, Amelia Lozano, Lindsey Martin, Oleg Martyshyn, Nelya Melnitchouk, David Mills, Iryna Pidhorna, Anna Poriechna, John E Roberts, Alexis Schmid, Lea Sinno, Jonathan Strong, Meaghan Sydlowski, Dmytro Tsurbin, Eleonora Ukrainets, Michael VanRooyen, Eric Goralnick, Timothy Erickson","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214313","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Civilian healthcare workers (HCW) and medical facilities are directly and indirectly impacted by armed conflict. In the Russia-Ukraine war, acute trauma care needs grew, the workforce was destabilised by HCW migrating or shifting roles to meet conflict needs, and facilities faced surge events. Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) exposure risks created unique preparedness needs. In response, an academic and international non-governmental organisation partnership was formed to design, implement and evaluate a locally prioritised training programme in Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven in-person training courses (Advanced Trauma Life Support, Trauma Nursing Fundamentals, Pediatric Trauma Fundamentals, Prehospital Trauma Fundamentals, Stop the Bleed, Mass Casualty Management and CBRNE Preparedness) were adapted, translated, taught and evaluated in seven Ukrainian oblasts (regions; Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, Lviv, Chernihiv and Mykolaiv) during the war. Topics were determined by available needs assessments and further adapted based on course participant feedback and evolving logistic and security challenges. Change in participant knowledge and confidence levels was assessed through precourse and postcourse knowledge and self-confidence evaluations and follow-up surveys. Initial courses were taught by international instructors and transitioned to Ukrainian instructors as they were trained. Web-based asynchronous videos in Ukrainian were developed to complement and reinforce in-person training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4368 participants were trained in 164 courses from August 2022 to April 2023. 223 instructors were trained. Aggregate participant knowledge and self-confidence significantly improved in all courses. Interval follow-up responses indicated that the training was useful and 83.3% had used the skills within 8 weeks of training. Twenty-seven training videos were created which, as of April 2023, have been viewed over 1 700 000 times in 500 cities throughout Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Locally prioritised training can be rapidly developed and delivered in an armed conflict setting providing civilians and frontline HCW with the skills and knowledge required to care for patients. Logistics, communication, equipment and security challenges can be overcome through strategic in-country partnerships. Short asynchronous video learning can complement and scale in-person training.</p>","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tackling an unusual diagnosis.","authors":"Nicola Cochrane, Scott Hendry, Michael Jacovides","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214106","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":"42 3","pages":"178-218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can we improve on advanced clinical practitioner training?","authors":"Ruth Brown","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214632","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"191-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor regarding 'subarachnoid haemorrhage in the emergency department (SHED): a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study'.","authors":"Xiaolu Deng, Xiaoxiong Chen","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214596","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214596","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of patients with cardiac arrest in the emergency department of a lower middle-income country.","authors":"Marie Cassandre Edmond, Anna Potter Fang, Nivedita Poola, Manouchka Normil, Sherley Jean Michel Payant, Pierre Ricot Luc, Linda Rimpel, Keegan Checkett, Natalie Strokes, Manise Calixte, Regan H Marsh, Shada A Rouhani","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214200","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) for cardiac arrest is a cornerstone of emergency care and yet remains poorly studied in low- and middle-income countries. We characterised the clinical epidemiology and outcomes of cardiac arrest and ACLS in an ED in central Haiti, a lower middle-income country with a nascent emergency care system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational study of adult and paediatric patients who suffered cardiac arrest in an academic hospital ED in central Haiti from January 2019 to August 2020. Patients were identified prospectively at the time of clinical care. Data on demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, management with or without ACLS and outcomes were extracted from patient charts using a standardised form and analysed in SAS V.9.4. The primary outcome was survival to 24 hours after arrest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 161 patients who suffered cardiac arrest in the ED. The mean age was 45 years; 55.9% were female, and 82.6% were aged >18. Common presenting diagnoses were pneumonia (16.1%), sepsis (14.9%), congestive heart failure/cardiogenic shock (11.2%) and cerebrovascular accident (10.6%). Few patients were on cardiac or oxygen saturation monitors (23.1%; 63.5%) prior to arrest. 43 (27%) patients received ACLS (two patients missing data). Among these, 58.1% had initial rhythm assessed, and 2/25 (8%) patients had shockable rhythms. The median time to arrest was 23.6 hours. Sustained return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in two patients (4.7%). Among patients for whom ACLS was not initiated, the majority were due to poor prognosis (66.4%) or irreversible cause (22.4%) in the setting of available resources. One patient survived to 24 hours; none survived to hospital discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this lower middle-income setting, cardiac arrest in the ED was associated with poor survival despite ACLS. Survival may be impacted by limited resources for prearrest monitoring as well as for ongoing critical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with late hospital arrival in acute stroke patients of Bangladesh.","authors":"Mohammad Azmain Iktidar, Ridwana Maher Manna, Muntasrina Akhter, Simanta Roy, Atia Sharmin Bonna, Sreshtha Chowdhury, Renessa Yousuf, Farzana Ahammad Mimi, Md Samee U Sayed, Miah Md Akiful Haque, Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader","doi":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214182","DOIUrl":"10.1136/emermed-2024-214182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Underutilisation of thrombolysis is a major problem in patients with stroke in Bangladesh as patients do not arrive within the therapeutic window due to delays in their way to emergency department. This study aims to assess the time delay from patients' symptom onset to arrival in the hospital and the factors that are associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional survey of a prospective cohort of stroke patients was conducted between January and March 2023. 448 stroke patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from five tertiary-level hospitals in Bangladesh. After obtaining informed consent, trained data collectors conducted face-to-face interviews of the patient/patients' guardians via a pretested structured questionnaire. Stata (V.16) was used to analyse data. Median and IQRs were used to summarise quantitative variables, and qualitative variables were summarised using frequency and relative frequency. Pearson's χ² test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to explore the bivariate relationship between predictor and outcome variables. Finally, a binary logistic regression model was fit to explore the factors associated with delayed arrival (>4.5 hours) at the hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the patients was 61 years (54-70) and 63% were men. The majority hailed from rural (59.6%) areas and had primary (25.89%) education. The patients had an overall median prehospital delay of 14 (8-28) hours, 3 (1-6) hours of decision delay, 1 (0-2) hours of medical contact delay, and 14 (6.5-25.75) hours of referral delay. Patients with master's education (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.04, p=0.023) and private transport (AOR: 0.26, p=0.029) had a lower chance of late arrival. However, patients having unknown onset, self-medicating, having a previous history of stroke, and being admitted to a private hospital had a significantly higher chance of late arrival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly 90% of the patients were late to arrive (>4.5 hours) at hospital and referral delay comprises the majority of the prehospital delay. Therefore, fast symptom recognition and the urgency of seeking healthcare as soon as symptoms appear should be the focus of public awareness efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11532,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":"179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}