EcoSal Plus最新文献_第6页

Prokaryotic Organelles: Bacterial Microcompartments in E. coli and Salmonella. 原核生物细胞器：大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌中的细菌微隔。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0025-2019

Katie L Stewart, Andrew M Stewart, Thomas A Bobik

{"title":"Prokaryotic Organelles: Bacterial Microcompartments in E. coli and Salmonella.","authors":"Katie L Stewart, Andrew M Stewart, Thomas A Bobik","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0025-2019","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0025-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are proteinaceous organelles consisting of a metabolic pathway encapsulated within a selectively permeable protein shell. Hundreds of species of bacteria produce MCPs of at least nine different types, and MCP metabolism is associated with enteric pathogenesis, cancer, and heart disease. This review focuses chiefly on the four types of catabolic MCPs (metabolosomes) found in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: the propanediol utilization (pdu), ethanolamine utilization (eut), choline utilization (cut), and glycyl radical propanediol (grp) MCPs. Although the great majority of work done on catabolic MCPs has been carried out with Salmonella and E. coli, research outside the group is mentioned where necessary for a comprehensive understanding. Salient characteristics found across MCPs are discussed, including enzymatic reactions and shell composition, with particular attention paid to key differences between classes of MCPs. We also highlight relevant research on the dynamic processes of MCP assembly, protein targeting, and the mechanisms that underlie selective permeability. Lastly, we discuss emerging biotechnology applications based on MCP principles and point out challenges, unanswered questions, and future directions.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552817/pdf/nihms-1626342.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38469310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacteriophage Infections of Biofilms of Health Care-Associated Pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae. 卫生保健相关病原体：肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜的噬菌体感染。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0029-2019

Ariel J Santiago, Rodney M Donlan

{"title":"Bacteriophage Infections of Biofilms of Health Care-Associated Pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae.","authors":"Ariel J Santiago, Rodney M Donlan","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0029-2019","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0029-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, are considered both serious and urgent public health threats. Biofilms formed by these health care-associated pathogens can lead to negative and costly health outcomes. The global spread of antibiotic resistance, coupled with increased tolerance to antimicrobial treatments in biofilm-associated bacteria, highlights the need for novel strategies to overcome treatment hurdles. Bacteriophages (phages), or viruses that infect bacteria, have reemerged as one such potential strategy. Virulent phages are capable of infecting and killing their bacterial hosts, in some cases producing depolymerases that are able to hydrolyze biofilms. Phage therapy does have its limitations, however, including potential narrow host ranges, development of bacterial resistance to infection, and the potential spread of phage-encoded virulence genes. That being said, advances in phage isolation, screening, and genome sequencing tools provide an upside in overcoming some of these limitations and open up the possibilities of using phages as effective biofilm control agents.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10242522/pdf/nihms-1901609.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Escherichia coli Residency in the Gut of Healthy Human Adults. 健康成年人肠道中的大肠埃希氏菌残留物

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0003-2020

Jonathan N V Martinson, Seth T Walk

引用次数: 0

Escherichia albertii Pathogenesis. 白细胞埃希氏菌的致病机理。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0015-2019

Tânia A T Gomes, Tadasuke Ooka, Rodrigo T Hernandes, Denise Yamamoto, Tetsuya Hayashi

{"title":"Escherichia albertii Pathogenesis.","authors":"Tânia A T Gomes, Tadasuke Ooka, Rodrigo T Hernandes, Denise Yamamoto, Tetsuya Hayashi","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0015-2019","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0015-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia albertii is an emerging enteropathogen of humans and many avian species. This bacterium is a close relative of Escherichia coli and has been frequently misidentified as enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic E. coli due to their similarity in phenotypic and genetic features, such as various biochemical properties and the possession of a type III secretion system encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement. This pathogen causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis, and some strains produce Shiga toxin. Although many genetic and phenotypic studies have been published and the genome sequences of more than 200 E. albertii strains are now available, the clinical significance of this species is not yet fully understood. The apparent zoonotic nature of the disease requires a deeper understanding of the transmission routes and mechanisms of E. albertii to develop effective measures to control its transmission and infection. Here, we review the current knowledge of the phylogenic relationship of E. albertii with other Escherichia species and the biochemical and genetic properties of E. albertii, with particular emphasis on the repertoire of virulence factors and the mechanisms of pathogenicity, and we hope this provides a basis for future studies of this important emerging enteropathogen.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38087590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Escherichia coli Small Proteome. 大肠杆菌小蛋白质组。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0031-2019

Matthew R Hemm, Jeremy Weaver, Gisela Storz

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of RNA Polymerase by Rifampicin and Rifamycin-Like Molecules. 利福平和类利福平分子对 RNA 聚合酶的抑制作用

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0017-2019

Hamed Mosaei, Nikolay Zenkin

引用次数: 0

Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. 反式作用小核糖核酸及其对大肠杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌基因表达的影响

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019

Jens Hör, Gianluca Matera, Jörg Vogel, Susan Gottesman, Gisela Storz

{"title":"Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica.","authors":"Jens Hör, Gianluca Matera, Jörg Vogel, Susan Gottesman, Gisela Storz","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019","url":null,"abstract":"The last few decades have led to an explosion in our understanding of the major roles that small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play in regulatory circuits and the responses to stress in many bacterial species. Much of the foundational work was carried out with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The studies of these organisms provided an overview of how the sRNAs function and their impact on bacterial physiology, serving as a blueprint for sRNA biology in many other prokaryotes. They also led to the development of new technologies. In this chapter, we first summarize how these sRNAs were identified, defining them in the process. We discuss how they are regulated and how they act and provide selected examples of their roles in regulatory circuits and the consequences of this regulation. Throughout, we summarize the methodologies that were developed to identify and study the regulatory RNAs, most of which are applicable to other bacteria. Newly updated databases of the known sRNAs in E. coli K-12 and S. enterica Typhimurium SL1344 serve as a reference point for much of the discussion and, hopefully, as a resource for readers and for future experiments to address open questions raised in this review.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112153/pdf/nihms-1551392.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37772749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chromosomal Organization and Regulation of Genetic Function in Escherichia coli Integrates the DNA Analog and Digital Information. 大肠杆菌的染色体组织和遗传功能调控整合了 DNA 模拟信息和数字信息。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0016-2019

Andrew Travers, Georgi Muskhelishvili

{"title":"Chromosomal Organization and Regulation of Genetic Function in Escherichia coli Integrates the DNA Analog and Digital Information.","authors":"Andrew Travers, Georgi Muskhelishvili","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0016-2019","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0016-2019","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we summarize our current understanding of the bacterial genetic regulation brought about by decades of studies using the Escherichia coli model. It became increasingly evident that the cellular genetic regulation system is organizationally closed, and a major challenge is to describe its circular operation in quantitative terms. We argue that integration of the DNA analog information (i.e., the probability distribution of the thermodynamic stability of base steps) and digital information (i.e., the probability distribution of unique triplets) in the genome provides a key to understanding the organizational logic of genetic control. During bacterial growth and adaptation, this integration is mediated by changes of DNA supercoiling contingent on environmentally induced shifts in intracellular ionic strength and energy charge. More specifically, coupling of dynamic alterations of the local intrinsic helical repeat in the structurally heterogeneous DNA polymer with structural-compositional changes of RNA polymerase holoenzyme emerges as a fundamental organizational principle of the genetic regulation system. We present a model of genetic regulation integrating the genomic pattern of DNA thermodynamic stability with the gene order and function along the chromosomal OriC-Ter axis, which acts as a principal coordinate system organizing the regulatory interactions in the genome.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37642536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EnvZ/OmpR Two-Component Signaling: An Archetype System That Can Function Noncanonically. EnvZ/OmpR 双组分信号：可发挥非典型功能的原型系统

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0001-2019

Linda J Kenney, Ganesh S Anand

{"title":"EnvZ/OmpR Two-Component Signaling: An Archetype System That Can Function Noncanonically.","authors":"Linda J Kenney, Ganesh S Anand","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0001-2019","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0001-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Two-component regulatory systems represent the major paradigm for signal transduction in prokaryotes. The simplest systems are composed of a sensor kinase and a response regulator. The sensor is often a membrane protein that senses a change in environmental conditions and is autophosphorylated by ATP on a histidine residue. The phosphoryl group is transferred onto an aspartate of the response regulator, which activates the regulator and alters its output, usually resulting in a change in gene expression. In this review, we present a historical view of the archetype EnvZ/OmpR two-component signaling system, and then we provide a new view of signaling based on our recent experiments. EnvZ responds to cytoplasmic signals that arise from changes in the extracellular milieu, and OmpR acts canonically (requiring phosphorylation) to regulate the porin genes and noncanonically (without phosphorylation) to activate the acid stress response. Herein, we describe how insights gleaned from stimulus recognition and response in EnvZ are relevant to nearly all sensor kinases and response regulators.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7192543/pdf/nihms-1062097.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37597224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control of the phoBR Regulon in Escherichia coli. phoBR调控子在大肠杆菌中的控制。

EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2019

Stewart G Gardner, William R McCleary

{"title":"Control of the phoBR Regulon in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Stewart G Gardner, William R McCleary","doi":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2019","DOIUrl":"10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2019","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is required for many biological molecules and essential functions, including DNA replication, transcription of RNA, protein translation, posttranslational modifications, and numerous facets of metabolism. In order to maintain the proper level of phosphate for these processes, many bacteria adapt to changes in environmental phosphate levels. The mechanisms for sensing phosphate levels and adapting to changes have been extensively studied for multiple organisms. The phosphate response of Escherichia coli alters the expression of numerous genes, many of which are involved in the acquisition and scavenging of phosphate more efficiently. This review shares findings on the mechanisms by which E. coli cells sense and respond to changes in environmental inorganic phosphate concentrations by reviewing the genes and proteins that regulate this response. The PhoR/PhoB two-component signal transduction system is central to this process and works in association with the high-affinity phosphate transporter encoded by the pstSCAB genes and the PhoU protein. Multiple models to explain how this process is regulated are discussed.","PeriodicalId":11500,"journal":{"name":"EcoSal Plus","volume":"8 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49084318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0