{"title":"Dairyland Power installs multifunction high-end meters and expanded wide area I/P communications for metering and real-time data collection","authors":"E. West, K. Graves, D. Martin","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740909","url":null,"abstract":"Dairyland Power Cooperative is installing a new distribution automation/telecommunications system that will provide secure collection of substation meter readings, load profile billing information, real-time meter data, local alarms, and a secure communications path for member Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) systems. Dairyland Power is a generation and transmission cooperative located in La Crosse, WI that provides wholesale power to 25-member cooperatives and 19-member municipal electric systems. Dairyland Power was experiencing diminished analog cellular service with limited bandwidth, minimal security, and no guarantee of service beyond February of 2008. As a result, a comprehensive distribution automation and telecommunications project was approved in December 2004. Expansion of the existing digital microwave network, installation of point-to-multipoint I/P-capable spread spectrum radios, and installation of custom-designed metering, communications, and automation cabinets provides secure serial and I/P connections for real-time and billing metering data, distribution SCADA, load management, and AMR traffic.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"1924 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128012865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The newly revised ANSI C12.19 and its application across the utility enterprise","authors":"A. Snyder, P. Ramirez","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740905","url":null,"abstract":"ANSI C12.19, Utility Industry End Device Data Tables, defines the data model for electricity meters, and was last revised in 1997. Since that time, many manufacturers have moved to producing solid-state electricity meters with advanced measurement capabilities far beyond those represented in 1997. In addition, utilities have been pushed to recover more and more data about their energy delivery, which is seen in the advanced metering requirements stated in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. This paper analyzes the improvements and extensions to the 1997 published standard in the context of the system requirements that utilities are presently facing. These include requirements to handle data associated with modem communications, extended measurement sources, load control and pricing, network and relay control, power quality (quality of service), and one-way devices. Also discussed is the ability for utilities to leverage the so-called user-defined tables and extended user-defined tables to perform streamlined meter data (energy and demand, in particular) retrieval. Finally, the ability to generate a machine-usable version of the standard in XML will be put into the context of its usefulness in developing cross-vendor applications.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123952572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mitigation of subsynchronous oscillations in a series compensated wind farm with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)","authors":"R. Varma, Y. Semsedini, S. Auddy","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740923","url":null,"abstract":"Wind power penetration is rapidly growing all over the world as the alternative, renewable and environment friendly resource of energy production. With this rapid growth of wind power, the power systems of future will likely see the integration of large wind farms with electrical networks that are series compensated for ensuring stable transmission of bulk power. This may potentially lead to subsynchronous resonance (SSR) issues. Although SSR is a well-understood phenomenon that can be mitigated with FACTS devices, scant information is available on the SSR problem in a series compensated wind farm. This paper reports the occurrence and mitigation of SSR caused by induction generator (IG) effect as well as torsional interactions (TI), in a series compensated wind farm. SSR suppression is achieved as an added advantage of a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) actually installed to increase the power transfer capability of the transmission line. In this study, a wind farm employing self-excited induction generator (SEIG) is connected to the grid through a series compensated line. A thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) is shown to damp subsynchronous oscillations when provided with closed loop current control. Extensive simulations have been carried out using EMTDC/PSCAD to validate the performance of TCSC in damping SSR.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115960676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of system decomposition on two-level state estimation","authors":"M.Y. Patel, A. Girgis","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740898","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the performance of different techniques of two-level state estimation based on system decomposition. Recent major blackouts around the world and deregulation of power systems require the operators to have a wide area view of the power system to operate it securely and reliably. Wide area state estimation is one of the functions that can provide the operators with such a view. Two-level state estimation can provide the information of the system on wide area basis regardless of the size of the system and without any data exchange between the areas of the grid. The system selected for the simulation is 1896-bus real world system consisting of four areas.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131826949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing requirements for IEC 61850 based devices","authors":"A. Apostolov, B. Vandiver","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740916","url":null,"abstract":"The new IEC 61850 standard for communication networks and systems in substations allows the development of high-speed peer-to-peer communications based applications, as well as distributed metering, control and protection solutions based on sampled analog values. The paper describes in detail the principles of different IEC 61850 communications based functions in multifunctional IEDs and analyses the factors that will affect their performance. It also discusses the requirements and principles of their testing. A comparison between the functional testing of conventional IEDs and testing of communications based IEDs are described later in the paper.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132622651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic simulations help improve generator protection","authors":"R. Sandoval, A. Guzman, H. Altuve","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740896","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a digital simulation study of a set of two 160 MW generating units operating in the Juan de Dios Batiz Paredes thermal power station, in Topolobampo, Sinaloa, Mexico. This plant belongs to Comision Federal de Electricidad, the national Mexican utility. We first discuss the factors that limit the active and reactive power delivered by a generating unit, such as thermal and voltage limits, power-system imposed limits, and the minimum excitation limiter. We then describe generator protection functions related to the capability curve. Later, we propose a P-Q plane-based scheme that provides generator loss-of-field protection and capability-curve violation alarming. Finally, we present the simulation results of loss-of-field and loss-of-synchronism conditions of one of the two generating units for several cases, including different initial load conditions, different loss-of-field modes, and different numbers of units on line.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"21 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131123640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamentals of adaptive protection of large capacitor banks","authors":"B. Kasztenny, J. Schaefer, E. Clark","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740911","url":null,"abstract":"This paper derives correct balance equations for short circuit protection of shunt capacitor banks taking into account inherent unbalances in the protected bank. Four methods are derived: voltage differential, compensated neutral voltage unbalance, phase current balance, and neutral current balance. As can be seen from key equations the proper way of balancing the bank (or banks) involves instantaneous values of currents or voltages. Subtracting the residual unbalance as a time-delayed signal (a historical, or a constant value), and responding to the delta changes does not constitute a proper, sensitive and secure operating equation for protective relaying purposes. The methods presented in this paper compensate for both bank and system unbalances. Therefore they are insensitive to major system events such as close-in faults. Presently used relaying techniques might misoperate on such system conditions, as they typically disregard system unbalances and compensate for the bank unbalance assuming no, or minor system unbalances.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"21 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123270347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using time error differential measurement in protection applications","authors":"Roy Moxley, Mirek Wronski","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740918","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous problems in power system protection have led to ongoing work for protection engineers to properly configure relays and other devices. These problems include power swing blocking, power swing tripping, and islanding detection. Traditional detection of these conditions using voltage and current have led to complex algorithms and setting guidelines. Distributed generation has complicated issues by making system models more extensive while large interarea power sales and load flows have made older setting guidelines suspect. Time error (TE) has been used as a basis for generation dispatch for years. Using a difference between \"real time\" and \"system time\" measured to tenths or even hundredths of a second, system frequency was adjusted and generation levels raised or lowered. Modern Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) have the capability of measuring TE to fractions of a millisecond. This level of accuracy and resolution introduces the capability of a new input to wide-area control: Time Error Differential (TED). This paper discusses the basis of TED for use in special protection schemes such as islanding detection, generation dropping on loss of load, power swing detection, and system disturbance detection for automatic load preservation. System conditions leading to TED and comparison with alternate measurement methodologies for special protection schemes are presented. Because TED has never been available for use, practical considerations to its application are presented. These considerations are based on both the measurement unit and the communications system available. Both high-speed control algorithms and visualization systems for human intervention are presented as possible applications. Advances in both measurement and communications is expanding the efficiency and stability of the overall power system. The use of TED provides new tools and methods to continue to maximize the use of generation and transmission grid assets.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123423779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sykes, K. Koellner, W. Premerlani, B. Kasztenny, M. Adamiak
{"title":"Synchrophasors: A primer and practical applications","authors":"J. Sykes, K. Koellner, W. Premerlani, B. Kasztenny, M. Adamiak","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740914","url":null,"abstract":"Although the concept and definition of Synchrophasors dates back to 1980, the combination of 2nd generation IED platforms and power system needs has brought the technology into high-visibility in the electric power industry. As synchrophasor technology has matured, nuances of the measurement of a synchronized phasor have been identified and the details of ldquohowrdquo a phasor is defined, synchronized to absolute time, reported, and communicated have subsequently been re-codified int he recently revised IEEE standard: Synchrophasors for Power Systems - C37.118. This paper reviews the concept of the synchronized phasor in light of the IEEE C37.118 standard. Specifically, details of an ldquoun-correctedrdquo Fourier based phasor during off-nominal frequency conditions are presented as well as techniques for correction to meet the Synchrophasor standard. The need for IED input transformer and filter characterization / correction is presented. Simulations of various system transients and their phasor response are presented - specifically, the response of synchrophasor calculation to dynamic system conditions. Finally, this paper reviews application of synchrophasors on the SRP system today as well as plans and needs in the future.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124831343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basic Fault Tree Analysis for use in protection reliability","authors":"R. Beresh, J. Ciufo, G. Anders","doi":"10.1504/IJRS.2008.020773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRS.2008.020773","url":null,"abstract":"Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a tool originally developed in 1962 by Bell Labs for use in studying failure modes in the launch control system of the Minuteman missile project. The tool now finds wide use in numerous applications from accident investigation to design prototyping and is also finding use for protection and control related applications. This paper provides an elementary background to the application of fault tree analysis for use in protection applications. The construction of the fault tree as well as the use of reliability data is considered. A simple example is presented. The intention is to provide a brief introduction to the concept to allow users to at least understand how a fault tree is constructed and what can be done with it.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125629526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}