Ecology, Environment and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"First report of Ceratorhiza oryzae-sativae, a fungus naturally causing aggregate sheath spot disease of rice in Manipur","authors":"Vignesh P, K. S. Devi, B. Sinha, L. Singh, P. S. Devi, W. T. Chanu, K. Dinesh","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.054","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is cultivated and consumed worldwide being a cereal crop of chief importance. There are numerous soil-borne fungi causing diseases of huge economic losses to production of rice. A survey of soil-borne fungi of rice was conducted in different valley districts of Manipur, and symptoms appearing as lesions, water-soaked spots near the waterline which often coalesces, forming concentric lesion bands were spotted. Among the collected symptomatic samples, a fungus, Ceratorhiza oryzae - sativae was identified. An internal transcribed sequence of the isolated fungus was generated and an NCBI accession number, MH255604 acquired. This disease might become severe in near future in all rice-growing fields of the state, and identification of this pathogen shall be essential for developing the management strategies.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80903332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Invasive Ecological Study on the Flora of Soil Seed Bank and Standing Vegetation Across Diverse Anthropo-ecosystems in Indian Dry Tropics","authors":"C. Yadav, R. Narayan","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.067","url":null,"abstract":"Plant invasions in tropical ecosystems are being increasingly realized particularly in highly dynamic but fragile dry tropical ecosystems, where there is generally little ecological information on invasions in subterranean vegetation. The present study was carried out to understand the floristic composition of both seed bank and standing vegetation across a range of five diverse anthropo-ecosystems in an urban region in Indian dry tropics. A total of one hundred soil samples (each of size of 25cm×25cm from 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm depth) from five anthropic sites (vegetation of University campus, polluted Kali River bank, Brick kiln, Waste land and Road side) were analyzed for their taxonomic position, life form and bio-geographic origin of the seedling emergents in relation to the flora in standing vegetation. A total of 221 plant species (58% aliens, 34% of aliens of American origin, 75% weedy herbs) in standing vegetation spread over 54 families were recorded in standing vegetation of the study sites with more than 55% representation from eight dominant families led by Fabaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae followed by Malvaceae, Amaranthaceae and Solanaceae. In contrast, a total of 81 seed bank flora (10 unidentified, 62% aliens, 43% of American origin, 87% herbs) distributed over 32 angiospermic families were recorded. While none of the seed bank vegetation at any site showed significant similarity with its standing vegetation indicating the minor role of seed bank flora in the regeneration of the standing plant communities above ground. However, a considerable similarity among seed banks and standing vegetation at other sites indicated a significant possible role of anthropogenic activities in the urban regions of Indian dry tropics, evinced by the largest proportion of grasses and herbs dominated by exotics, especially of American origin. These aliens through successful naturalization via seed banks may cause homogenization of floristic structure. In conclusion, the present study revealed a heavy scale of intrusion by the alien plants dominated by American elements into not only standing vegetation but also in seed banks across the anthropic sites in urban regions in Indian dry tropics which is likely to alter the standing vegetation floristic structure with a larger abundance of alien flora.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82834309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Water Parameters of Upper Kodera Dam in Mount Abu after Rainfall","authors":"Manoj Kumar Sepat, Hanumant Chouhan","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.060","url":null,"abstract":"The current research aims to investigate the effects of physicochemical factors on water quality, particularly during the summer at Upper Kodera Dam in Mount Abu (Raj), India. For the investigation of physicochemical factors such such as water and air temperature, pH, transparency, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and chemical oxygen demand, water samples from the dam were taken. The acquired findings were compared to WHOBIS (World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standard) values permitted limits for drinking water. A few parameters at various stations were found to be close to the allowable limits. With reference to the analysed criteria, the current study identified how rainfall affects the water quality of Upper Kodera Dam water. Samples of 10 water were taken from Upper Kodra Dam between May 2021 and November 2022. Total hardness, Alkalinity, chloride, pH, total dissolved solids, iron, dissolved oxygen, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate, chromium, iron, chromium, and MPN of coliforms are among the biological and physicochemical parameters that were examined. According to the report, the current water supply needs urgent remediation since the water quality is subpar.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90760325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol Potential of Neem leaf Extract on Mortality of Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Naresh P Nayak, S. Verma, Vikas Pareek, Mridula Khandelwal","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.041","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is one of the widely distributed in India and most economically damaging genera in vegetable crops. Plant products are the safer alternative approaches to control root knot nematodes. An experiment was carried out in vitro to test the Neem leaf extract of aqueous, acetone and methanol extract. Different concentrations of shade-dried leaves of Neem were tested on mortality of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Increase in concentration and exposure period resulted in increased mortality rate of Juveniles of M. incognita. Methanol Neem leaf extract (5 ml concentration) proved to be the most effective among used aqueous, acetone and methanol neem leaf extract . After 48 hours exposure aqueous and methanol leaves extract showed 100% mortality while acetone neem leaves extract showed 100% mortality after 72 hours exposure of 5 ml concentration. Neemleaves 0.25 ml con. was the least effective among all con.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90499444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Aquatic Insects in Relation to the Physicochemical Parameters of the Selected Water Bodies from Punjab, India","authors":"Rajinder Kaur, Abhinav R. Saxena, S. Kaur, R. Kaur, Rajat Sheoran","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.018","url":null,"abstract":"Diversity of aquatic insects in relation to the physicochemical parameters of the two selected ponds of Bathinda region was studied from December, 2021 to May, 2022. A total of 430 individuals of aquatic insects belonging to five orders were collected and identified (upto genus level). More number of insects was recorded from the pond I as compared to pond II. Number of physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, transparency, total alkalinity, water salinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, free carbon dioxide, chloride, ammonium nitrogen and orthophosphate levels were also studied to demonstrate the quality of water.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89623080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis, Calibration and Validation of SWAT model for the Lower Mahanadi River Basin","authors":"Mithlesh Kumar, A.P. Sahu, J. C. Paul, Lokesh Kumar Tinde","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.033","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrological models are becoming a fundamental tool for natural resource planning and management; however, their application is hampered by a lack of data for calibration and validation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to calibrate and validate the SWAT model in the Lower Mahanadi River basin. The SWATCUP was used for sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation of the model. Based on the sensitivity analysis, twelve parameters were calibrated by the SWAT-CUP. The model performance indicators (R2, NSE, and PBIAS) showed satisfactory results with 0.76, 0.78, and 6.6 during calibration and 0.79, 0.74 and 7.8 during validation, respectively","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89736448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Grasses from Rehekuri Sanctuary, Karjat, Dist. Ahmednagar, M.S., India","authors":"D. S. Wadavkar, P. S. Powar-Nagane, A. B. Kadam, S. Gaikwad","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.058","url":null,"abstract":"Grasses constitute a natural homogenous group of plants belonging to the family Poaceae (Gramineae). They are economically the most important of all flowering plants because of their nutritious grains and soil-forming function and they have the most-widespread distribution and the largest number of individuals. During extensive field survey of grasses samples were a total number of 41 genera 66 different grass species have been collected, identified, described and illustrated from the Rehekuri Sanctuary, Karjat. It is found that out of 41 genera of study area, 26 have only one species each (monotypic) it is also noted that the genera which are represented in India by a single species also occur in this region. These are Achrachne racemosa and Apluda mutica. It also shows that 06 genera have two species each, 03 have 03 species each, 03 have 04 species and 01 genera have 07 species. The poaceae family showed Setaria, Aristida, Brachiaria and Eragrosti were found most dominant genera and luxuriantly grow in rainy season and cold climatic conditions. This is first time report from Rehekuri Sanctuary, Karjat of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89887568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-bacterial efficacy of bee pollen samples collected from Chandigarh (U.T.) during spring season","authors":"Sunaina Jaswal, Dalip Kumar","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.063","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Chandigarh during spring season to find the potentiality of flora with high anti- bacterial efficacy. Mainly four bacterial strains [Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 2453), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MTCC 655) and Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC 3231)] were selected for the study. First pollen aqueous extract (PAE) of different concentrations (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) were prepared, then disc diffusion method was used to check the anti- bacterial efficacy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly inhibited by bee pollen of sub- divisions 1, 2, 3 and 4.Sub- division 3 and 4 also has higher action against Salmonella typhimurium. Sub- division 5 has higher efficacy against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The study throws light on their therapeutic use of bee pollen.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88088006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth Parameters and Productivity of Maize Cultivar PMH-5","authors":"Shankar Lal Sunda, D. P. Singh, A. Verma, K. Yadav, G. Jat","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.062","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to study the effect of INM on growth parameters and productivity of maize cultivar PMH-5. An investigation was taken up during kharif season of 2020-21 at the Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The experiment was laid down in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The treatments comprised of three levels of vermicompost, i.e. Control (VC0), Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 (VC1), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (VC2), four levels of chemical fertilizers i.e. Control (F0), 50 % RDF(F1), 75 % RDF (F2), 100 % RDF (F3) and two levels of biofertilizer, i.e. Control (B0), Azotobacter + PSB (B1). The results revealed that all plant growth parameters, grain, straw and biological yield of maize were found highest with the combined application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (VC2)+ 100% RDF (F2)+ Azotobacter + PSB (B1) Respectively, which is statistically at par with combined application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (VC2)+ 100 % RDF (F3) + Azotobacter + PSB (B1).","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85750754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Consequential Rainfall Trends: An Indian Perspective","authors":"H. Upadhyay, P. Singh, M. Kothar","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.019","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an overview of different studies pertaining to the trends observed in rainfall over India and its constituent regions. The spatial scale of trend estimation considered in the reviewed studies is an important aspect that dictates the overall trends over a given scale and helps in ascertaining the influence of anthropogenic activities upon the resultant trends. In this article, Indian trend analysis studies conducted on a national, meteorologic sub-divisional, river basin and agro-climatic zonal level as well as for different time periods and time scales have been reviewed. One of the more recent national-scale studies were able to detect overall negative trends in the annual rainfall over India with a more prominent decline observed during the latter half of the 20th century and first decade of 21st century. Also, 17 out of 30 meteorological sub-divisions for which trend analysis was carried out exhibited increasing tendencies though, all were insignificant. Most of the river basins of India have shown an increasing trend in annual rainfall with Indus (lower) and Tapi basins observing maximum rise. Decreasing trends were however, recorded over most of the basins especially after 1970. The conclusions drawn from the review of suitable studies highlight the variation in trends across different studies due to a different set of variables and factors involved in individual studies. The practical significance of trend analysis has also been discussed along with a need of a more subjective assessment of the mathematical outputs obtained from commonly used trend analysis methods.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78903344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}