{"title":"On the Origin of Consciousness","authors":"Jonathan Bartlett","doi":"10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.REVIEW.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.REVIEW.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126650131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Consciousness Unit (CU) Model","authors":"S. Rakover","doi":"10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.RAKOVER.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.RAKOVER.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper attempts to handle the question how an unconscious mental state (MS) is transformed into a conscious-MS, by developing an outline of a new model, the conscious unit (CU) model. The essential assumption of this model is as follows. In the cognitive system there is an inborn, special linking-mechanism that links to a MS a CU, i.e., a unit of consciousness (or a stream of such units when the represented by the MS is complex). As a result, the individual becomes aware (conscious) of the represented by the MS. This model was applied successfully to certain empirical observations and to several problems, which were directed toward the higher-order (HO) theories of consciousness [especially the higher-order thought (HOT) theory].","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114643418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalized Information","authors":"Jonathan Bartlett","doi":"10.33014/issn.2640-5652.1.2.bartlett.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/issn.2640-5652.1.2.bartlett.1","url":null,"abstract":"Generalized Information (GI) is a measurement of the degree to which a program can be said to generalize a dataset. It is calculated by creating a program to model the data set, measuring the Active Information in the model, and subtracting out the size of the model. Active Information allows GI to be usable with both exact and inexact models.","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124739775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Unlearnable Checkerboard Pattern","authors":"Eric M. Holloway","doi":"10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.HOLLOWAY.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.HOLLOWAY.1","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting some patterns is a simple task for humans, but nearly impossible for current machine learning algorithms. Here, the \"checkerboard\" pattern is examined, where human prediction nears 100% and machine prediction drops significantly below 50%.","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116811448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don't","authors":"S. Dilley, Nicholas Tafacory","doi":"10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.DILLEY.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.DILLEY.1","url":null,"abstract":"We argue that a number of biology (and evolution) textbooks face a crippling dilemma. On the one hand, significant difficulties arise if textbooks include theological claims in their case for evolution. (Such claims include, for example, ‘God would never design a suboptimal panda’s thumb, but an imperfect structure is just what we’d expect on natural selection.’) On the other hand, significant difficulties arise if textbooks exclude theological claims in their case for evolution. So, whether textbooks include or exclude theological claims, they face debilitating problems. We attempt to establish this thesis by examining 32 biology (and evolution) textbooks, including the Big 12—that is, the top four in each of the key undergraduate categories (biology majors, non-majors, and evolution courses). In Section 2 of our article, we analyze three specific types of theology these texts use to justify evolutionary theory. We argue that all face significant difficulties. In Section 3, we step back from concrete cases and, instead, explore broader problems created by having theology in general in biology textbooks. We argue that the presence of theology—of whatever kind—comes at a significant cost, one that some textbook authors are likely unwilling to pay. In Section 4, we consider the alternative: Why not simply get rid of theology? Why not just ignore it? In reply, we marshal a range of arguments why avoiding God-talk raises troubles of its own. Finally, in Section 5, we bring together the collective arguments in Sections 2-4 to argue that biology textbooks face an intractable dilemma. We underscore this difficulty by examining a common approach that some textbooks use to solve this predicament. We argue that this approach turns out to be incoherent and self-serving. The poor performance of textbooks on this point highlights just how deep the difficulty is. In the end, the overall dilemma remains.","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122464359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Attributalistic Theory of Truth","authors":"T. Koch","doi":"10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.KOCH.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.KOCH.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Attributalistic Theory of Truth defines truth as being absolute, arithmetic, and axiomatic. Truth is consistent universally as it is tied to existence itself. This existence provides a system of reasoning through three innate principles: the Law of Commonality, the Concept of Infinity, which together allow for the Function of Comparability. Truth is metaphysically founded in the attribute of being. This truth is the absolute truth that meets the criteria of being the independent, prevalent element of reality.","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114710966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Possibility of Spontaneous Generation of Self-Replicating Systems","authors":"Gary R. Prok","doi":"10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.PROK.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.2.PROK.1","url":null,"abstract":"The minimal implementation of a self-replicating system in the Lambda calculus is given with a goal of establishing a lower bound for the probabilities of the spontaneous generation of self-replication systems.","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130208792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recategorizing the Human Senses","authors":"T. Koch","doi":"10.33014/issn.2640-5652.1.1.koch.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/issn.2640-5652.1.1.koch.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The number of senses we have as humans is a topic of in- credible uncertainty. After attempting to define the human senses for thousands of years, the thinkers of today believe the number of senses is somewhere between five and thirty-three. Without utilizing objective existence itself, the limited human perspective can cause mankind to lose sight of the complex mechanics that produce their field of view. In this article, I address the shortcomings of the currently accepted classification of senses and offer a recategorization that is founded on the nature of the energies being interpreted. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125694019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Logical Possibility of Halting Oracles","authors":"Eric M. Holloway","doi":"10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.1.HOLLOWAY.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/ISSN.2640-5652.1.1.HOLLOWAY.3","url":null,"abstract":"Halting oracles are often used in discussions of computability. This letter discusses whether or not such oracles are logically possible or if the idea itself contains internal contradictions.","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121787347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numberphile’s Proof for the Sum 1+2+3+...","authors":"Jonathan Bartlett, A. Khurshudyan","doi":"10.33014/issn.2640-5652.1.1.bartlett.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33014/issn.2640-5652.1.1.bartlett.3","url":null,"abstract":"This letter discusses the claim suggested by mathematical vlogger Numberphile as to whether the sequence 1 + 2 + 3 + ... is equal to -1/12.","PeriodicalId":114457,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the Blyth Institute","volume":"26 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120867690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}