Drvna Industrija最新文献

Bio-Durability and Engineering Characteristics of Heat-Treated Poplar Wood 热处理杨木的生物耐久性和工程特性

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0041

Seyedeh Masoomeh Zamani, R. Hajihassani, Saman Ghahri

引用次数: 0

Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Flame Resistance in Wood Plastic Composites 纳米氧化锌对木塑复合材料阻燃性的影响

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0132

Sefa Durmaz, Ugur Aras, Erkan Avci, Y. Z. Erdil, Ilkay Atar, H. Kalaycioğlu

{"title":"Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Flame Resistance in Wood Plastic Composites","authors":"Sefa Durmaz, Ugur Aras, Erkan Avci, Y. Z. Erdil, Ilkay Atar, H. Kalaycioğlu","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0132","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in wood plastic composites (WPCs) has increased in recent years. The utilization of environmentally friendly materials has been of great significance due to the overwhelming pressure on nature. As a widely used material, plastic is, however, easily combustible due to its structure. In this study, WPCs were reinforced with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The effect of higher content of ZnO nanoparticles (1, 3, 5, 10 %) on WPCs thermal stability and fire performance was investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) clearly demonstrated that nanoparticles acted as a shield, which inhibited heat transfer and increased the degradation temperature thanks to covering the surface of materials. Free radicals accelerated the thermal degradation of neat-HDPE (high-density polyethylene) by oxidative reactions, while ZnO nanoparticles reduced the degradation velocity. Moreover, the increase in nanoparticle content significantly affected the residue. The fire performance of WPCs was also investigated by the limit oxygen index (LOI) test. While neat-HDPE flamed with dripping, ZnO nanoparticles made flaming difficult for WPCs. Therefore, the LOI values increased with increasing nanoparticle content up to 28.5 %, which indicated the need for more oxygen. The improvement reached up to 54 % compared to neat HDPE. Moreover, the char forming was also improved, which helped enhance the fire resistance. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation indicated that nanoparticles were well dispersed in the matrix. However, the tendency to agglomerate increased with the increase of concentration. The ability of carbonization of wood fiber surface during the combustion also contributed to improving thermal stability and fire performance.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Epoxy Resin Reinforcement on Screw Withdrawal Strength of Fiberboard and Particleboard Used in Furniture Industry 环氧树脂加固对家具业所用纤维板和刨花板螺钉抽出强度的影响

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0146

Mesut Uysal, Cagatay Tasdemir, Dogan Memis

{"title":"Effect of Epoxy Resin Reinforcement on Screw Withdrawal Strength of Fiberboard and Particleboard Used in Furniture Industry","authors":"Mesut Uysal, Cagatay Tasdemir, Dogan Memis","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0146","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to increase the screw withdrawal strength of medium density fiberboard and particleboard used in furniture strength by using epoxy resin in the screw pilot hole. Therefore, the effects of pilot hole diameters, screw diameter, and amount of epoxy resin on screw withdrawal strength of medium density fiberboard and particleboard from face and edge were investigated. According to TS EN 13446, 50 mm × 50 mm specimens were cut from commercial medium density fiberboard and particleboard boards. A static load was applied parallel to the screw direction. The screw withdrawal strength of medium density fiberboard was higher than the screw withdrawal strength of particleboard because of its density. Besides, the screw withdrawal strength of medium density fiberboard and particleboard samples with a 3.5 mm screw diameter was higher compared to those with a 4.5 mm screw diameter. A decrease in pilot hole diameter and an increase in the amount of epoxy resin provided higher screw withdrawal strength of materials. Using 20 % epoxy resin of the volume of the pilot hole resulted in two times better screw withdrawal strength values. The study showed that a higher amount of epoxy resin, smaller pilot hole diameter, and smaller screw diameter contribute to better screw withdrawal strength of both medium density fiberboard and particleboard from the face and edge.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"40 160","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeliranje dizajna boje površine namještaja CNC laserskom modifikacijom 对 Namješt'a 浮标的表面设计进行数控激光修改建模

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0096

Cebrail Açik

{"title":"Modeliranje dizajna boje površine namještaja CNC laserskom modifikacijom","authors":"Cebrail Açik","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0096","url":null,"abstract":"Today, handcrafted furniture surface treatment techniques are less used due to application difficulties and high costs. Recently, the use of CNC router processing machines has resulted in a revival of these techniques. However, since this method is insufficient in micro-processes and color modifications that require precision, these processes have started to be performed with lasers. In this research, the beech wood surface was processed using a CNC laser processing machine with a carbon dioxide gas tube by applying different engraving power and engraving speeds. Product design and manufacturing parameters were determined in the CIE L*a*b* color system using the regression modeling method. A sample application was made by applying laser engraving to a furniture surface designed according to the obtained parameters. As a result of the study, it has been explained that using L* color group regression modeling method and CAD/CAM supported laser technology in furniture top surface color design processes is suitable for industrial engineering approach. It has been determined that many surface color design techniques can be applied with laser to furniture designed for CNC laser production.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intenzitet toplinske modifikacije topolovine. Dio 1 热电堆的热修正强度。Dio 1

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0125

Yang Li, Tao Yao, Yong Zhu, Zuju Shu, Shengquan Liu, Redžo Hasanagić, Fathi Leila, Demiao Chu

{"title":"Intenzitet toplinske modifikacije topolovine. Dio 1","authors":"Yang Li, Tao Yao, Yong Zhu, Zuju Shu, Shengquan Liu, Redžo Hasanagić, Fathi Leila, Demiao Chu","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0125","url":null,"abstract":"Wood heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method, and the heat-treated wood properties are closely related to thermal modification intensity. This study focuses on the 0-3 mm surface layer (SL) of poplar wood heat treated at 160~220 °C. The modification intensity, including surface color, hardness, chemical component and morphological changes of the SL, was evaluated. The findings of this research showed that the color difference of the poplar wood before and after heat treatment (ΔE*1) increased; the color difference between up-surface and down-surface of the SL (ΔE*2) also increased with the treatment temperature. Consequently, the surface hardness (HR) decreased with the increase of treatment intensity. When the treatment temperature was higher than 160 °C, the up-surface and down-surface of the SL were statistically different in color. Chemical component analysis revealed that the heat treatment degrades wood components, especially the hemicellulose, and correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the change rate of hemicellulose and the ΔE*1 or HR value; the prediction functions have been established at a high confidence level of 0.99. Overall, the thermal modification intensity of the heat-treated surface layer (SL) of poplar wood varies, and the HR and ΔE*1 value could be used to characterize and predict the modification intensity and degree of thermal degradation of the surface layer of heat-treated poplar wood.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Klasifikacija vrsta drva prema slikama uz pomoć dvodimenzionalne konvolucijske neuronske mreže 利用二维卷积神经网络从图像中对木材类型进行分类

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0093

Kenan Kiliç, Kürşat Kiliç, B. Sinaice, Uğur Özcan

{"title":"Klasifikacija vrsta drva prema slikama uz pomoć dvodimenzionalne konvolucijske neuronske mreže","authors":"Kenan Kiliç, Kürşat Kiliç, B. Sinaice, Uğur Özcan","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0093","url":null,"abstract":"The woodworking industry’s recognition and classification of timber is essential for trade, production and timber science. Traditional methods of identifying wood types are complex, time-consuming, costly and require expertise in wood science. Traditional techniques have been replaced by convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a deep learning tool to better identify wood species. In contrast to earlier studies that used pretrained models, a novel architecture designed explicitly for the WOOD-AUTH dataset was proposed in this study to develop a new 2D CNN model. The data collection encompasses high-level visual representations of 12 distinct types of timber. It is aimed to create a simpler and faster model as an alternative to time-consuming and heavy wood classification models. Compared to previous studies, this research worked with a newly structured 2D CNN network based on 12 wood species. High accuracy and fast computation time were achieved using fewer numbers (three layers) of the convolutional neural network. The proposed model achieved 94 % accuracy, 87 % precision, 81 % recall, 80 % F1 score and 112 minutes 27 seconds computation time. The 2D CNN model performed better than the transfer learning models regarding training epochs. The primary benefit of the model is its ability to achieve high accuracy with lower computation time, even at high epochs compared to other models. The introduced 2D CNN model produced satisfactory outcomes for wood species classification.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Timber Strength Grading as Necessary Basis for Structural Design in Ex-YU Region 木材强度分级是前乌克兰地区结构设计的必要基础

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0105

T. Kočetov Mišulić, Aleksandra Radujković, Zdravko Popović, Ksenija Hiel

{"title":"Timber Strength Grading as Necessary Basis for Structural Design in Ex-YU Region","authors":"T. Kočetov Mišulić, Aleksandra Radujković, Zdravko Popović, Ksenija Hiel","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Classification of timber for various commercial purposes is essential for its proper application in order to ensure the reliability and economic use. Visual grading of structural timber is commonly used in a number of EU countries, with different grading national standards optimized for locally available wood. Countries in the ex-YU region are traditional partners in wood trade and had the same standards for visual grading, but in most of the regions these standards are not completely compliant with EN requirements. Consequently, that leads to the fact that the most of regionally available structural timber is not assigned into strength classes, which is the starting point for the limit-state concept in design of timber structures. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the lack of strength classification of structural timber in the ex-YU region, which is a prerequisite for the design of timber structures made by civil engineers. Based on an overview of visual classification types with regional experience in grading, relevant EN standards, and differences in design concepts with possible consequences of grading approach, it can be concluded that “quality” grades and “strength” classes are not easily comparable.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138970714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utjecaj predimpregnacije anhidridom octene kiseline i vremena zagrijavanja na mehanička i fizička svojstva drvno-plastičnih kompozita 醋酸酐预浸渍和点火时间对木塑复合材料机械和物理特性的影响

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0117

S. K. Hosseinihashemi, Mohammad-Ali Akhoundi, Younes Shirmohammadli, Nadir Ayrilmiş

{"title":"Utjecaj predimpregnacije anhidridom octene kiseline i vremena zagrijavanja na mehanička i fizička svojstva drvno-plastičnih kompozita","authors":"S. K. Hosseinihashemi, Mohammad-Ali Akhoundi, Younes Shirmohammadli, Nadir Ayrilmiş","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0117","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to assess the influence of different pre-impregnation times (PITs) (60, 180, and 300 min), heating or reaction times (H/RTs) (60, 90, and 120 min), and chemical modification of wood flour (WF) on the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The study employed acetylated beech (Fagus orientalis L.) flour as the filler and polypropylene (PP) as the matrix phase producing of WPC samples through melt compounding and injection molding. The resulting composites underwent testing for their physical and mechanical properties. The findings revealed that WPCs derived from acetylated wood with PITs of 60 min and H/RTs of 60 min exhibited the highest mechanical properties, except for the bending modulus. Moreover, the lowest water absorption (WA) was observed in the PITs-H/RTs combination of 60-120 min, while the lowest thickness swelling (TS) occurred in the PITs-H/RTs combination of 300-60 min. The simultaneous utilization of pre-impregnation and reaction times demonstrated a synergistic effect on the physical and mechanical properties. Consequently, the chemical modification of wood flour and the application of suitable reaction times improved the interfacial adhesion, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the WPCs.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Usporedba reakcijskoga i normalnog drva nekih komercijalnih vrsta drva 某些商用木材类型的反应木和正常木的排列方式

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0123

Sevinç Kaz, Saim Ateş, Tuba Külçe

{"title":"Usporedba reakcijskoga i normalnog drva nekih komercijalnih vrsta drva","authors":"Sevinç Kaz, Saim Ateş, Tuba Külçe","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0123","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the reaction wood samples for some industrial tree species naturally grown in Kastamonu province in Turkey and compare them with the relevant standards. Some anatomical, chemical, fiber morphological, optical properties, and color changes before and after drying were analyzed for the reaction wood (RW) samples. While the holocellulose content of fir and pine compression wood (CW) was found to be lesser (~3-4 %), the lignin content was higher than those of the opposite wood (OW) (~34 % for pine and 12 % for fir). On the contrary, the amount of holocellulose was found to be higher (~1-4 %), and the lignin was lower (at about 6-15 %) in the tension wood (TW) samples. It was observed that average lengths are more extended in TW(~50-54 %) and shorter in CW (~13-17 %) than those of OW. Significant differences were observed between the anatomical structures of the coniferous and deciduous species studied. Although, the greatest color differences in wet and oven-dried samples of coniferous trees were measured in CW (~15-17 %), it has been found as about 0.7-3 % in TW for deciduous species. Some differences were observed in the anatomical, optical, fiber morphological, and chemical properties of the RW for the studied wood species. Due to its higher lignin content and better physical properties, CW can be used for producing small households and hand tools, ornaments, toys, etc. It will also be appropriate for use in milling and turning work. It is recommended that, because of the lower lignin content and higher polysaccharide ratio, TW should be primarily used for the cellulose, pulp, and paper industries, where high mechanical resistance values are required. Consequently, RW formation causes some physical, chemical, mechanical, anatomical, and optical differences compared to OW in deciduous and coniferous species.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Hot and Cold Check Tests on Surface Roughness and Glossiness in Varnished Wood Material 热检查和冷检查试验对上过清漆的木质材料表面粗糙度和光泽度的影响

IF 1.1 4区农林科学

Drvna Industrija Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2023.0085

A. Atılgan, Sait Dündar Sofuoğlu

{"title":"The Effect of Hot and Cold Check Tests on Surface Roughness and Glossiness in Varnished Wood Material","authors":"A. Atılgan, Sait Dündar Sofuoğlu","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2023.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0085","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, specimens from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) tree species, prepared according to ISO 3129, were conditioned according to TS ISO 13061-1. Cellulosic varnish, water-based varnish, and glass polish varnish were applied to their surfaces in accordance with ASTM-D 3023 principles. In the study, roughness (TS 2495 EN ISO 3274 and TS EN ISO 21920-3) and gloss (according to TS EN ISO 2813) values of the samples were calculated after hot and cold check test. Varnished test specimens prepared in 100 mm × 100 mm ×10 mm dimensions were first kept in drying oven at (50±5) °C for 1 hour, then were kept in conditioning room for 1 hour, and then at (-20±2) °C for 1 hour, according to ASTM D1211-97. These processes were accepted as one cycle, and tests were continued until 15 cycles. Afterward, glossiness was measured as perpendicular and parallel to fibers at 60º with a gloss measurement device, and surface roughness values of Ra and Rz were determined with a surface roughness measuring device. According to the results obtained, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky), and Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) varnish-coated wood material surfaces all showed a decrease in gloss values after hot-cold shock effect. While an increase occurred in Rz values of roughness for all wooden surfaces, Ra values roughness increased for Scots pine and chestnut and decreased for eastern beech. Gloss and roughness values of surface-treated wood materials against changing weather conditions can determine usefulness of the surface material used. The findings obtained in this study can be useful to manufacturers who use wooden products in the design of marine vehicles and those who export furniture to countries in different climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0