Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Flame Resistance in Wood Plastic Composites

IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD
Sefa Durmaz, Ugur Aras, Erkan Avci, Y. Z. Erdil, Ilkay Atar, H. Kalaycioğlu
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Abstract

The interest in wood plastic composites (WPCs) has increased in recent years. The utilization of environmentally friendly materials has been of great significance due to the overwhelming pressure on nature. As a widely used material, plastic is, however, easily combustible due to its structure. In this study, WPCs were reinforced with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The effect of higher content of ZnO nanoparticles (1, 3, 5, 10 %) on WPCs thermal stability and fire performance was investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) clearly demonstrated that nanoparticles acted as a shield, which inhibited heat transfer and increased the degradation temperature thanks to covering the surface of materials. Free radicals accelerated the thermal degradation of neat-HDPE (high-density polyethylene) by oxidative reactions, while ZnO nanoparticles reduced the degradation velocity. Moreover, the increase in nanoparticle content significantly affected the residue. The fire performance of WPCs was also investigated by the limit oxygen index (LOI) test. While neat-HDPE flamed with dripping, ZnO nanoparticles made flaming difficult for WPCs. Therefore, the LOI values increased with increasing nanoparticle content up to 28.5 %, which indicated the need for more oxygen. The improvement reached up to 54 % compared to neat HDPE. Moreover, the char forming was also improved, which helped enhance the fire resistance. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation indicated that nanoparticles were well dispersed in the matrix. However, the tendency to agglomerate increased with the increase of concentration. The ability of carbonization of wood fiber surface during the combustion also contributed to improving thermal stability and fire performance.
纳米氧化锌对木塑复合材料阻燃性的影响
近年来,人们对木塑复合材料的兴趣与日俱增。由于大自然承受着巨大的压力,使用环保材料具有重要意义。然而,作为一种广泛使用的材料,塑料因其结构而容易燃烧。本研究用纳米氧化锌(ZnO)增强了木塑材料。研究了较高含量的氧化锌纳米颗粒(1%、3%、5%、10%)对木塑复合材料热稳定性和防火性能的影响。热重分析(TGA)清楚地表明,纳米颗粒起到了屏蔽作用,由于覆盖在材料表面,抑制了热传导并提高了降解温度。自由基通过氧化反应加速了纯高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的热降解,而氧化锌纳米粒子则降低了降解速度。此外,纳米颗粒含量的增加对残留物有明显影响。极限氧指数(LOI)测试也对木塑的防火性能进行了研究。整齐的高密度聚乙烯在燃烧时会滴落,而纳米氧化锌则使木塑复合材料难以燃烧。因此,LOI 值随着纳米颗粒含量的增加而增加,最高达到 28.5%,这表明需要更多的氧气。与纯高密度聚乙烯相比,改善幅度高达 54%。此外,炭的形成也得到了改善,这有助于提高耐火性。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)调查表明,纳米颗粒在基质中分散良好。然而,随着浓度的增加,团聚的趋势也在增加。燃烧过程中木质纤维表面的碳化能力也有助于提高热稳定性和防火性能。
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来源期刊
Drvna Industrija
Drvna Industrija MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD-
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
9.10%
发文量
32
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: "Drvna industrija" ("Wood Industry") journal publishes original scientific and review papers, short notes, professional papers, conference papers, reports, professional information, bibliographical and survey articles and general notes relating to the forestry exploitation, biology, chemistry, physics and technology of wood, pulp and paper and wood components, including production, management and marketing aspects in the woodworking industry.
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