Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Nu-Film-17 Spreader in Improvement Droplets Distribution and Increasing Insecticidal Activity of Certain Insecticides on The Spiny Bollworm, Earias insulana ON Cotton Plants in Egypt.","authors":"R. Dar","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2020.81532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2020.81532","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were carried out of about 14 karats planted with (Giza 86) cotton variety during seasons 2018 and 2019 on 15th  July and 1st, 15th August in a field located at Qaha Research Station, Plant Protection  Research Institute, Qalyoubia governorate. The selected area was split into 6 plots and the control plot. Two alternative products include Chlorpyriphos (OP's), and Chlorflurzoran (IGR's) were sprayed by using Rotary Matabi sprayer (18 L./fed.) on cotton field highly infested with cotton Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana larvae. All tested Insecticides revealed a significant negative influence on Earias insulana larvae. The most effective on reduction percentages of bolls infestation was Chlorpyriphos withNU-FILM -17 SPREADER®1% ,5% followed by Chlorflurzoran withNU-FILM -17 SPREADER® 1% ,5%    with Rotary Matabi sprayer (18 L./fed.). It could be recommended to use these Insecticides with Low Volume spraying equipment with not less than (18L/Fed.). A satisfactory coverage was obtained on cotton plants. The spectrum of droplets ranging between 120-170 mm (VMD). With sufficient number ranging from 13-265 N/cm². The rate of performance of Rotary Matabi sprayer (18 L./fed.). was 2.4 Fed./day. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between using NU-FILM -17 SPREADER®   1% or 5% in reduction percentages of bolls infestation. Using both Chlorpyriphos and Chlorflurzoran with NU-FILM -17 SPREADER® 1%   could be recommended in controlling Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana larvae because it increased droplets numbers 54%, decreased droplet sizes 17 % and minimized lost spray on ground 44% which made good spray quality, homogeneity and spray coverage.  Also, Low Volume spraying reducing the time lost in the process filling the machines with the spray solution and saving the lost spray on the ground certainly in small plantation around villages.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81679148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Fenpyroximate Residues in Eggplant, Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) During Crop Production Cycle by HPLC and Determination of Its Biological Activity","authors":"Shiry S. Takla, F. El-Dars, A. Amien, M. Rizk","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2020.87591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2020.87591","url":null,"abstract":"A method for determination of Fenpyroximate (Ortus) (5%) residues in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by HPLC is described. The analysis was done using HPLC equipped with a UV-Vis detector at 254 nm.  The degradation rate of Fenpyroximate was studied and the results indicated that final residue in eggplant reached 20.1% after 21 days which was considered safe for human and animal consumption, despite its insecticide effectively on eggplant pests.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88934921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide resistance and efficacy evolved in field populations of Spodoptera littoralis in Egypt cotton season","authors":"El-Shabrawy Mona, S. Hafez, A. Reham","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2020.75972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2020.75972","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed mainly to estimate the resistance of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis to several bioinsecticides Agerine 6.5% WP, Protecto 9.4 %WP biotect 9.4 %, wp Dipel 2x 6.4% WP, Dipel Df 5.4 % WG and two other bioinsecticides,  Emamectin benzoate (Radical 0.5 %) EC against Spodoptera littoralis that all field strains the tested bioinsecticides used against cotton leafworm S. littoralis were calculated for both susebtable and field strains collected from six governorates namely Sharkia, Dakahlia, Behera, kafr- Elshek, Fayuom and Beni- swef in the cotton season 2019. The resistance ratio fluctuated from very low resistance to low resistance in some governorates to others except low of governorates RR indicated high resistance. tested IGR, s used against cotton leafworm S. littoralis were calculated for both susebtable and field strains collected from six governorates namely Sharkia, Dakahlia, Behera, kafr- Elshek, Fayuom, and Beni-Swef in the cotton season 2019. showed no resistance in all tested IGR, s for all Governorates, except some Governorate in some IGR, s","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79027233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioefficacy of Farnesol, A Common Sesquiterpene, On the Survival, Growth, Development, and Morphogenesis of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).","authors":"G. K., Hamadah, Kh., W. H.","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2020.78671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2020.78671","url":null,"abstract":"Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) is a dangerous pest of many field crops and vegetables in the world. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of Farnesol and its effects on the growth, development, and morphogenesis of this insect. The newly moulted larvae of 5th (penultimate) or 6th (last) instar larvae were fed on castor bean leaves previously treated with 7 concentrations of Farnesol (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 & 6.25 ppm) for 24 hr. The most important results could be summarized as follows. After treatment of 5th or 6th instar larvae with Farnesol, various mortalities were recorded among larvae, pupae, and adults. Depending onLC50values, Farnesol exhibited stronger insecticidal activity after treatment of 6th instar larvae(LC50= 33.67 ppm) than after treatment of 5th instar larvae(LC50= 36.56 ppm). Farnesol caused a serious reduction of larval weight gain and deleterious regression of the growth rate. The larval and pupal durations had been remarkably prolonged, in a dose-dependent course. Disruption of the developmental program was recorded as a failure of ecdysis after treatment of 5th instar larvae and production of larval-pupal intermediates, regardless the treated larval instar. Farnesol exerted considerable suppressing action on the pupation. At higher concentrations, Farnesol interfered with the adult emergence, since eclosion was completely prevented at the highest concentration and partially blocked at other concentrations. Irrespective of the treated larval instar, some deformed pupae were developed only at higher two concentrations of Farnesol.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83406169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chemical and Biological Anti-mycotoxins on Performance, Haematological, Biochemical and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens during Aflatoxicosis","authors":"Omnia E. Kilany, Rania Abdou Helmi, I. Fares, Manal A M Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2020.84488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2020.84488","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Contamination of feedstuffs with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem of great importance. Mycotoxins are secondary toxic fungal metabolites. There are great interests to create effective prevention and decontamination methods to diminish the toxic effects of AFs in animal and poultry production. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin on performance, some hematological, serum biochemical and immunological parameters and to determine the preventive effect of added anti-mycotoxins. Methods:In this study, a total of 180 broilers were used and divided into 6 equal groups. They received zeocem (chemical synthetic anti-mycotoxin) at a dose of 1 kg/ton feed and nutritox (biological synthetic anti-mycotoxin) at a dose of 0.25 kg/ton feed, to treat broiler fed aflatoxin. All treatments were administered from 1- 42 days of age. Results: By the end of the experiment, nutritox (biological synthetic anti-mycotoxin) alleviated the hazardous effects of aflatoxin on performance, hematological, serum biochemical and immunological parameters rather than zeocem (chemical anti-mycotoxin) fed broilers. Conclusion:Treatment with biological synthetic anti-mycotoxin (nutritox) is better than using chemical synthetic anti-mycotoxin (zeocem) in control of aflatoxicosis in broilers.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80788656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Effects of Some Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors Against Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Insect","authors":"A. El-Sobki, A. Ali","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2020.83542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2020.83542","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of the insecticides for controlling the destructive pest, red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), raises the question about efficacy the chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs). Therefore, this study aims to explore the tested CSIs acute toxicity on the field strain of red palm weevil. Also, some biochemical changed in the 6th instar larvae after treatment with tested LC50s were measured. The LC50 values of chlorfluazuron, hexaflumuron, and lufenuron were determined at 454.01,1293.02 and 919.13 µg/ml, respectively for the 6th larval instar exposed using the food dipping method. The lufenuron showed the lowest significant reduction in total protein (7.29%) accompanied with activation GST, s-esterase, carboxylesterase, phenoloxidase, chitinase, and ɑ-Esterase recorded 58.50, 58.54, 26.09, 22.56, 11.52 and 7.77% increasing respectively. The chlorfluazuron showed mediated significant reduction in total protein (23.54%) accompanied with activation GST, s-esterase and carboxylesterase and chitinase recorded 24.90, 23.94, 4.89 and 2.28 % increasing respectively. The highest significant reduction in total protein (45.96%) with hexaflumuron treatment accompanied with activation GST, carboxylesterase and chitinase recorded 48.02, 38.86 and 25.22% increase respectively.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83835568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Joint Action of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Mixtures and Chemical Pesticides on Controlling Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)","authors":"R. El-Ashry, Mohamed Ali, Abdelhadi A I Ali","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2020.80376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2020.80376","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical pesticides are characterized by the rapid impact effect in reducing pest population, while, microbial pesticides need along the latent period to cause a limited reduction of the pest population. Low efficiency of biocides may be due to low compatibility with agrochemicals or poor application of biocide, so, the study carried out to evaluate the possibility of mixing five common chemical insecticides and nematicides with five compatible entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). For the control of tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpaarmigera),bioassay revealed that pesticide chlorpyrifos (Pestban 48% EC), chlorpyrifos (Tafaban 48% EC) and flubendiamide (Takumi 20% WG) were applied at the recommended dose.  Flubendiamide was less toxic to EPNs infective juveniles compared to fenamiphos (Dento 40% EC). Moreover, steinernematid species were more sensitive than heterorhabditid species to pesticides recording 49.45% and 43.76%, respectively, after 7 days of exposure. The joint action of tested chemical pesticides with IJs of EPNs in controlling the 5th instar larvae of tomato fruit wormshowed an additive or antagonistic reaction with no evidence of synergistic action. Antagonism reaction was recorded with all fenamiphos combinations;the combination ofabamectin and S. feltiae as well as H. bacteriophora (Ba-1), in addition to, flubendiamide combinations with S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora (Ba-1). While, an additive effect was observed in flubendiamide combinations with S. glaseri, S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora (HP 88). In the greenhouse experiment, the application of EPNs alone caused mortality ranged from 28 to 36% for 5th instar larvae. Whereas, the highest larval mortality was observed in descending order for combinations between H. bacteriophora (HP88 strain) with fenamiphos (64.0%), chlorpyrifos (54%) and abamectin (54.0%), while, local isolate, H. bacteriophora (Ba-1 strain) achieved mortality ranged from 40 to 50 % with the tested pesticides. Overall, results indicate the feasibility of the integrated use of these nematode species and chemical pesticides in crop protection.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75639081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological Aspects of Physiological and Biochemical Changes with Potassium Silicate and Silica Nano-Particles on Albino Rat","authors":"H. El-Bendary","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2019.136679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2019.136679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84976180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity Effects and Biochemical Changes of Insecticide Alternatives on Cowpea Aphid, (Aphis craccivora) (Homoptera: Aphididae)","authors":"A. Shehawy, A. Khalil, A. Maklad, Sameer H Qari","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2019.67373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2019.67373","url":null,"abstract":"The cowpea aphid; Aphis craccivora is one of the harmful pests, which infest cowpea bean, Faba bean plants and many crops leading to a decrease of crop production. Plants including; Citrullus colocynthis, Peganum harmala, Senna alexandrina, andApium graveolens wereextracted bymethanol 70%, in order to evaluate its toxicity effect on Aphis craccivora in laboratory and field, as well as Alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterase and mixed-function oxidase were evaluated after treatment with LC50 of different plant extracts. The results showed that LC50 was 4890.079,5537.761, 6118.4856 and 6118.4856 ppm respectively, while it was 74.1996 ppm for Pirimicarb. Moreover, the combination of the different plant extracts showed or exhibit such a dramatic reduction in A. craccivora in the field and minimize the concentration of the pirimicarb required to reduce the aphid population in the field. Also, P. harmala, S. alexandrina showed an increase in Alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterase and mixed-function oxidase, while it was moderate for C. colocynthis and low for A. graveolens compared with the control. These results should be helpful in the rational applications of insect pest management.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90112430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of some Organophosphorous Insecticides against the Tomato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (GENN.) Collected from some Upper Egypt Governorates with Relation to Esterases Enzyme Activities","authors":"S. M. A. El-Naby, T. Elsheikh, E. S. A. E. Mageed","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2019.57743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2019.57743","url":null,"abstract":"The tomato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a worldwide pest of many crops. Organophosphorous (OP) insecticides have been used to control this insect for many years and are still being used despite the development of resistance. In this work’ evaluation of the biological activity of three organophosphorous insecticides, profenofos 72% E.C. (Selecron); chlorpyrifos 48% E.C.(Dursban) and fenitrothion 50% E.C. (Sumithion)  on the felid strain of tomato whitefly was carried out on tomato plants.  Whitefly adults were collected from four different Egyptian Governorates throughout three successive years (2016-2018). The LC50 value of each compound in each Governorate was used to determine the biochemical responses of this insect pest.The colorimetric test of esterase activity is a useful tool to detect the level of resistance against this group of insecticides. The obtained results showed that profenofos insecticide was more toxic on the tested insects followed by chlorpyrifos, while fenitrothion showed a low toxic effect on the tested insects in all years. The activities of α and β esterases have fluctuated up and down in some Governorates.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75714027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}