Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety最新文献

{"title":"Computed Tomography Diagnostic Reference Levels Worldwide and in Jordan: Implications for Patient Dose Reduction.","authors":"Ammar A Oglat, Suhaib Shdaifat, Mohannad Adel Sayah, Ahmed Abukonna, Wadah M Ali Khogali","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S595721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S595721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computed tomography (CT) contributes substantially to medical radiation exposure, making diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) essential for dose optimization and patient protection. This narrative review summarizes international CT DRL practices and examines the current status of DRL development in Jordan. Published studies and key guidance documents addressing adult and pediatric CT DRLs, including CTDIvol, dose-length product (DLP), and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) where available, were reviewed to identify common implementation approaches, frequently used dose metrics, and evidence gaps relevant to Jordan. The reviewed literature shows marked inter-country variation in DRL methodology, updating cycles, and regulatory integration. In Jordan, available studies demonstrate useful local and multicenter data, but routine CT practice still lacks a unified national DRL framework. Reported Jordanian values also show inter-institutional variability, highlighting the need for standardized data collection, regular auditing, and coordinated national oversight. Establishing national DRLs based on transparent methodology and periodic revision would strengthen radiation protection, improve protocol consistency, and support safer CT practice in Jordan.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"595721"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome Therapy for Livedoid Vasculitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.","authors":"Tsung-Kun Lin, Chih-Feng Chang, Gwo-Ping Jong","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S596013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S596013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Livedoid vasculitis is a vascular autoimmune disorder affecting the skin. It most commonly occurs in young women. The occurrence of this condition after the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is rare. The available literature suggests limited use of exosomes in the treatment of livedoid vasculitis. We present the case of a 65-year-old Chinese man who developed livedoid vasculitis after COVID-19 vaccination. We posit that the etiology in this case may be either COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune stimulation or activation of the condition by a rare vaccine component. This case is unique, with no previously reported precedents. The patient was treated intravenously for 1 month with stem cell-derived exosome therapy, using stem cells derived from exfoliated human deciduous teeth. This resulted in improvement in the livedoid vasculitis, with no reemergence of symptoms. This case highlights the therapeutic benefits of exosome treatment for livedoid vasculitis after COVID-19 vaccination. However, large-scale studies are needed before this outcome can be generalized.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"596013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13142697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Challenges in a Pediatric Case of Recurrent Blistering Skin Reactions: Ibuprofen-Induced Fixed Drug Exanthema versus Infection-Triggered Erythema Multiforme.","authors":"Ramona Möhrle, Irmgard Toni, Nicola Wagner, Stefan Schliep, André Hoerning, Antje Neubert","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S584720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S584720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 12-year-old patient was hospitalized with suspected recurrent Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) caused by ibuprofen. The patient presented with aphthous lesions on the lips and oral mucosa, accompanied by fever and cough. Further examination revealed more severe symptoms. The exact classification of his skin reaction and the underlying cause were challenging due to the coexistence of multiple potential triggers. The diagnostic overlap among various skin reactions requires careful evaluation of the clinical presentation and histopathological findings in relation to potential drug exposure and/or infectious triggers. Cutaneous reactions such as SJS and fixed drug exanthema are predominantly associated with drug exposure, whereas Erythema multiforme (EM) and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> rash and mucositis (MIRM) are mainly linked to infectious triggers. The diagnosis of a skin reaction and its trigger is highly relevant for therapy and prevention of further episodes. In this patient, administration of ibuprofen, as well as infections with Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> (M. pneumoniae) were considered potential triggers, highlighting the complexity of this case. The patient recovered following extensive therapy and was discharged after two weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"584720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13116529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Types of Medical Errors Reporting Following the Implementation of Electronic Health Record System.","authors":"Ashraf A'aqoulah, Malak Alqahtani, Dalal F Bin Dayel, Bandar Zarbah, Farah Kalmey, Ghassan Shattat, Raghib Abusaris","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S558973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S558973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Constant supervision is required in a hospital setting because medication errors are a common occurrence and can be potentially harmful to patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine patterns in medication error rates, types, and departmental distributions at tertiary hospitals from 2013 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional research, the internal hospital medication error database was utilized, collecting data on dosage errors which included Wrong Dose, Drug Omission, Timing Error, and the departments assignment of errors include ICU, General Ward, Pharmacy, Emergency Department for a continuous duration of 11 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reports for medication errors at tertiary hospitals for the years 2013-2023 altogether displayed fairly consistent behavior. Maximum error count was in the year 2019 with 6108 errors while the minimum was in the year 2015 with errors summing up to 725. The results showed fallen in medication errors to 1279 errors by 2023. Important types of errors were wrong/unclear dose prescriptions that used to peak in 2019 with 1307 and also duplication of medication errors increased with 297 additional errors between 2013 to 2023. The changes between types of errors made (χ² = 1297.75, p-value < 0.001), hospital centers (χ² = 1668.97, p-value < 0.001) and sections of the hospital in which they were carried out (χ² = 3086.19, p-value < 0.001) proved vital through chi-square tests done and thus showcasing the shifting control of medication error detection and reporting brought by electronic health record (EHRs) system and training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Medication errors showed variability with peaks, troughs, and fluctuations, demonstrating the inter-year coping mechanisms of EHRs system and personnel. Decision makers need to improve the system alongside staff education and some focused departmental attention. Although there has been some improvement in reporting errors, reporting new emerging errors, such as duplication of procedures, necessitates further vigilance in the dispensation of services to patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"558973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13050982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend of Reported Bleeding in Warfarin Compared with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Japan.","authors":"Akina Takami, Gen Terashima, Takumi Tajima, Koki Yamashita, Ataru Igarashi","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S601538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S601538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence on bleeding events associated with oral anticoagulants in real-world settings is limited. Thus, we compared the incidence rate of oral anticoagulant-associated bleeding between warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective observational study using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database (JADER) and the nationwide health insurance claims database. We investigated the number of case reports with \"bleeding\" or \"hemorrhage\" using the JADER. The drugs of interest included warfarin, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, or apixaban. Main outcome measures included the number of case reports of bleeding and the estimated annual incidence rate of oral anticoagulant-associated bleeding using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) and the nationwide estimated number of patients with prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In JADER, we found 16,125 oral anticoagulant-associated bleeding in 15,970 case reports of patients between April 1, 2004, and March 31, 2024. The most common suspected oral anticoagulant administered to patients was apixaban (33.4%), followed by rivaroxaban (26.0%), warfarin (16.6%), edoxaban (13.3%), and dabigatran (10.7%). The incidence rates of anticoagulant-associated bleeding in patients who were prescribed dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, and apixaban were higher compared to those in patients who were prescribed warfarin. The estimated annual incidence rate was remarkably high in patients who received apixaban, reaching 1976.90 per 1,000,000 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with warfarin, the incidence rates of oral anticoagulant-associated bleeding were higher with dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, or apixaban. In a real-world setting in Japan, the risk of oral anticoagulant-associated bleeding appears to be higher with DOACs than with warfarin.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"601538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Calcium Channel Blockers in Hypertension: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nur Aisyah, Jihan Sadira Aurellia, Widya Norma Insani","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S576249","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DHPS.S576249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are widely used as first-line therapy for hypertension, but concerns remain regarding their long-term safety and effectiveness. This review aims to systematically summarize the existing evidence on the long-term safety and effectiveness of CCBs in patients with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies assessing the long-term use (≥1 year) of CCBs in adult hypertensive populations. Eligible studies compared CCBs with other antihypertensive agents or placebo and reported outcomes related to systemic safety and effectiveness. The quality of each study was assessed using the Jadad and Newcastle-Ottawa Scales. Evidence was synthesized descriptively and stratified by organ system and clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing both RCTs and observational studies. Long-term CCB use was generally safe, with manageable risks. Renal protective effects were less consistent, while several studies reported a marginal increase in the incidence of new-onset diabetes. Associations with breast cancer remained inconclusive, and the risk of bone fractures appeared modestly reduced. Other systemic effects, including metabolic and reproductive changes, were generally mild. In terms of effectiveness, CCBs consistently reduced stroke incidence, although evidence regarding other cardiovascular outcomes, such as infarction, heart failure, and transient ischemic events, was inconsistent across studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, CCBs are safe for long-term use and show sustained effectiveness in stroke and angina, although evidence for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and transient ischemic attack remains inconsistent.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"576249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13005972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid Mapping Review of Medication Burden in Adults with an Intellectual Disability: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.","authors":"Sandra Marquis, Renée O'Leary, N Esmé Marquis, Jennifer Baumbusch","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S558001","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DHPS.S558001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study asked the questions: what is known and what is not known about medication burden in adults with an intellectual disability. We used a rapid mapping review methodology to collate, describe and catalog the wide variety of evidence in this area. Ninety-one studies were included. Study characteristics, indicators of medication burden and sub-populations at increased risk were catalogued in a table and tabulated as tree maps. The authors concluded that there is evidence of a high medication burden in this population, and that the burden is highest in older adults with an ID, those living in supervised housing and those with diagnosed comorbidities and multi-morbidities. Areas that need further exploration are the total burden of medications used, including the age at which medications are first prescribed and the duration of medication use; the long-term effects of a high medication burden; and the long-term effects of anticholinergic burden. In addition, there is little information on the effects of demographic factors such as race and income.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"558001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12992441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypersensitivity Reaction to Hyaluronidase After Peribulbar Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery: Two Case Reports.","authors":"Cheng Cheng, Yanfeng Han, Xiaoxi Liu, Weiwei Yu, Nannan Yang","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S543301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S543301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypersensitivity reaction to hyaluronidase, though rare, can occur following regional anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery and may mimic serious conditions such as orbital cellulitis. Prompt recognition is critical to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report two cases of hypersensitivity reaction following hyaluronidase-augmented peribulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery. Case 1: A 90-year-old female with no prior allergy history developed progressive periorbital edema extending to the ipsilateral face and neck within 7 hours after surgery. Infection and hemorrhage were excluded via ultrasound. The reaction resolved promptly with antihistamines and systemic corticosteroids. Case 2: A 69-year-old female developed progressive bilateral periorbital edema extending to the forehead, accompanied by moderate pain within 7 hours postoperatively. While her C-reactive protein (CRP) level was within normal limits on the day of surgery, it rose significantly to 33.92 mg/L on postoperative day 1. Given this clinical and laboratory progression, an empirical and prophylactic therapeutic protocol was initiated, including a short course of systemic antibiotics alongside intensified anti-inflammatory treatment. All bacterial and fungal cultures returned negative, confirming a non-infectious etiology. Both patients achieved complete resolution of symptoms with uneventful recoveries maintained at both the one-week and one-month postoperative follow-up visits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These cases illustrate that hyaluronidase hypersensitivity, though uncommon, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute postoperative periorbital inflammation. A combination of clinical vigilance, targeted imaging, and judicious use of laboratory tests is key to distinguishing this condition from infectious complications. Early diagnosis and a structured management approach are crucial to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"543301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12912024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capecitabine Dosage as an Independent Prognostic Factor for the Development of Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Competing Risk Analysis.","authors":"Chaichana Chantharakhit, Jayanton Patumanond, Phichayut Phinyo, Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S567407","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DHPS.S567407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, commonly causes hand-foot syndrome (HFS). Although clinical predictors of HFS have been reported, causal evidence supporting dosage as an independent prognostic factor remains limited. Because competing events may preclude HFS, this study evaluated the prognostic role of capecitabine dosage in grade 2-3 HFS using a competing risk analysis.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. Capecitabine dosage was the exposure of interest. Potential confounders including sex, combination chemotherapy, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were identified using a directed acyclic graph. The primary endpoint was time from treatment initiation to grade 2-3 HFS. A multivariable competing risk analysis was performed using the Lambert model, with loss to follow-up, severe diarrhea, sepsis, and death defined as competing events. Capecitabine dosage was categorized (2000-4000 mg/day) to facilitate clinical interpretability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 596 patients, 132 (22.2%) developed grade 2-3 HFS, with a median onset time of 63 days (interquartile range, 42-84). Higher capecitabine dosage was independently associated with an increased risk of HFS, with the greatest effect observed at 4000 mg/day compared with 2000 mg/day (aHR 4.41; 95% CI, 1.31-14.81; p = 0.016), demonstrating a clear dose-dependent increase in risk. In addition, higher dosage was associated with a shorter model-predicted median time to HFS onset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms capecitabine dosage as an independent prognostic factor for grade 2-3 HFS, with significantly increased risk at 4000 mg/day and a shorter median time to HFS onset as dosage increases. These findings underscore the importance of careful dosing and support the implementation of evidence-based strategies for dose adjustment in high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"567407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Examination and Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treatment in Japan.","authors":"Akina Takami, Gen Terashima, Yuichi Shiotsuki, Koki Yamashita, Ataru Igarashi","doi":"10.2147/DHPS.S583501","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DHPS.S583501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) requires careful observation with endoscopy in Japan. However, there are no studies examining whether monitoring is being properly carried out in clinical practice. Thus, we investigate the usage of PPIs by the presence or absence of endoscopic monitoring using a claims database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective observational cohort study using the nationwide claims database. We obtained data of patients diagnosed with GERD (excluding suspected cases) between April 2014 and March 2024. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 18 years or older, continuously prescribed drugs of interest (omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole, and vonoprazan) for 8 weeks or more. To assess the duration of prescriptions over a one-year period, the medication possession ratio (MPR) showing the prescription days per year ratio was examined. MPR was compared between patients who underwent endoscopy [endoscopy(+) group] and those who did not [endoscopy(-) group] during the follow-up period of 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 398,253 patients [endoscopy(+) group: 142,653; endoscopy(-) group: 255,600] were included in the analysis. The median MPR was 0.534 in the endoscopy(+) group and 0.805 in the endoscopy(-) group; MPR was significantly higher in the endoscopy(-) group (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings revealed that the long-term administration of PPIs without monitoring esophageal mucosa by endoscopy in patients with GERD is a common practice in Japan. However, compliance with the package inserts suggesting adequate observation, including periodic endoscopic examinations, should be highlighted to ensure safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":11377,"journal":{"name":"Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety","volume":"18 ","pages":"583501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147510767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}