OCEANS 2008最新文献

{"title":"Creation and operation of a Global Earth Observation System of Systems","authors":"J. Pearlman, S. Holt, C. Waldmann","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5289425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5289425","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated global measurements and the information derived from these observations provide critical inputs for sound management decisions on a local national and international scale. For this reason, 72 nations and 44 international organizations have come together to form the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). The purpose of GEOSS is to achieve comprehensive, coordinated and sustained observations of the Earth system to meet the need for timely, quality, long term global information. GEOSS builds on, and adds value to, existing regional, national and international Earth observation systems by coordinating their efforts, addressing critical gaps, supporting their interoperability, sharing information, reaching a common understanding of user requirements and improving delivery of information to users. GEOSS is a complex system of sensors, communication devices, storage systems, computational and other devices used to observe the Earth and gather the data needed for a better understanding of the Earth's processes. In addition, GEOSS includes models and processes to create information from the observational data. This presentation will give the history and details of the current status of GEOSS and its relevance to ocean applications as part of the review of IEEE OES technical committee programs.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"1998 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131187370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low probability of detection underwater acoustic communications for mobile platforms","authors":"T.C. Yang, Wen-Bin Yang","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151828","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile underwater platforms, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), use underwater acoustic communications to form a network for command and control. Direct sequence spread spectrum signaling can be used for multi-access communications. It also provides high processing gain for communications using a low source level. Probability of detection by an intruder is minimized due to the decreased signal-to-noise ratio outside the operation area. A simple receiver algorithm is presented for DSSS communications between mobile platforms in the presence of multipaths. This paper analyzes the required source level for a given operating area and the corresponding counter detection range by a intruder.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132940123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the inclusion of Stokes and Ekman surface currents into hydrodynamic models","authors":"M. Heron","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152063","url":null,"abstract":"Recently published results (Mao and Heron, J. Phys. Oceanog., 2008) comparing sea surface currents, measured by a 30 MHz ocean radar with wind speed and direction under a range of conditions in Bass Strait, Victoria, Australia indicate that the coupling between wind and surface currents depends on the maturity of the sea wave spectrum. For a mature sea the main contribution to surface current is usually Stokes drift, while in developing sea conditions the Stokes drift is reduced and Ekman-type stress is the main contributor to surface currents. At short fetches where stress driven currents dominate the net surface current has the Ekman angular offset of up to 45 degrees. At long fetches this angle falls to a value around 10-15 degrees and depends on wind speed. The inclusion of these parameters into hydrodynamic models requires knowledge of the age of the wave spectrum and wind speed and direction at any given site. The Stokes component of the surface current is in the direction of the dominant waves, and the Ekman component of the surface current veers in a direction consistent with the Coriolis parameter.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133250074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting ready for Arctic operations","authors":"K. Hansen, M. Inman, M. Ĉerne","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152084","url":null,"abstract":"Currently the US Coast Guard has no personnel or facilities permanently assigned north of the Arctic Circle. As the ice cover is reduced, the resulting additional shipping will require the performance of missions in areas never seen before. Before this happens, analysis needs to be done to determine how the service can best organize and execute its missions. The first major steps are being taken this year to determine what it takes to perform the necessary tasks. Our approach will be to deploy several helicopters and boats to Point Barrow for two weeks this summer, review how other organizations and countries are performing related tasks, and identify additional gaps that need to be researched. Finally, monitoring of environmental conditions will be needed to ensure safe operations.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131298561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System","authors":"D. Wilson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152095","url":null,"abstract":"The Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System (CBIBS) is an innovative system to collect, transmit and interpret real-time environmental data from the Chesapeake Bay to a wide variety of constituents - including scientists, on-the-water users, educators, and natural resource decision-makers - and to fill critical observational gaps in the Chesapeake Bay. CBIBS is a component of the Chesapeake Bay Observing System (CBOS) and the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), addressing IOOS goals in the Chesapeake Bay region. The CBIBS platforms provide critical real-time data on environmental conditions and water quality, and the supporting data management and delivery systems system deliver products and interpretive information of interest to the targeted user segments utilizing multiple media methods. Primary interfaces are though the web site WWW.BUOYBAY.ORG and via an extensive data and information voice application at 877-BUOYBAY. The System delivers high quality educational content based on real-time and archived data and expands the delivery of meaningful watershed educational experiences to promote environmental stewardship of Chesapeake Bay. The System is also an integral interpretive component of the National Park Service's Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail. CBIBS buoys are presently deployed at six locations on the Chesapeake Bay: Near the mouths of the Potomac, Patapsco, Rappahannock, and Susquehanna Rivers; and in the James and Elizabeth Rivers. CBIBS platforms are AXYS Watchkeeper buoys with standard sensors including meteorological (wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure); water quality (WETLabs WQM measuring temperature, conductivity, pressure, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and chlorophyll A); current profiles (Nortek Aquadopp Profilers); and waves (TRIAXYS wave sensors). Some platforms are also measuring nitrates (Satlantic ISUS) and GPS-derived water level. Real time data are reported at 10 minute to 1 hour intervals, depending on the parameter, via EVDO wireless Broadband static IP modems. The interpretive nature of the buoys, their use of multiple media (phone, web, mobile devices) to deliver data, and the educational curricula that are being built around them, are unique to this system. Support for operational oceanographic measurements from a broad and diverse user base is a critical asset to maintaining long term sustainability and funding for a system.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114482228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SmartBay: Better Information - Better Decisions","authors":"B. Carter, S. Green, R. Leeman, N. Chaulk","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151869","url":null,"abstract":"The SmartBay initiative (www.SmartBay.ca) is led by the School of Ocean Technology, part of the Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland located in St. John's, Newfoundland. The SmartBay team includes industry partners AMEC Earth and Environmental, International Communications and Navigation (ICAN) Limited and Earth Information Technologies (Nfld) Limited. The vision of SmartBay is \"to provide simple access by all stakeholders to data and information in support of effective management and sustainable development of coastal ocean areas and the safety and security of life at sea\". Accordingly, SmartBay has been implemented as a user-driven ocean observing system, serving the information needs of the users of Placentia Bay, Newfoundland (including fishermen, the oil industry, marine transportation, recreation, municipalities and the people who live there) in support of better decision-making. The applications of SmartBay have been just as varied, ranging from safety and marine efficiency, to industrial development, to community socio-economics and environmental protection. Hence the motto: \"Better Information - Better Decisions\". Placentia Bay is rapidly becoming the industrial heartland of Newfoundland and Labrador and with this come the challenges and complexities of mixing traditional and non-traditional users and uses, as well as a host of safety, environmental and regulatory concerns. The basic premise of SmartBay is to integrate and deliver information created from both static and dynamic data in a manner best suited to the particular needs of a broad base of users. The incidental or non-professional user can access the information through a web portal requiring no special hardware or services. The mariner is able to access and display information on an electronic chart using standard bridge hardware and communications systems. SmartBay also supports the interests of a third class of user, \"the professional\", engaged in roles ranging from fisheries management to oceanographic research to environmental protection to sovereignty and security. After approximately 18 months of operation SmartBay has become a prominent feature of the Placentia Bay seascape. There are currently three SmartBay buoys positioned in the Bay. A 3-metre met/ocean buoy near the mouth of the bay provides critical data to support weather and sea state forecasts; a customized water quality buoy off Come by Chance Point provides met/ocean as well as water quality information for this high traffic area; and a water quality buoy fitted with meteorological sensors off Rushoon on the western side of the bay supports an emerging aquaculture industry in the area. In addition, St. John's based Institute of Ocean Technology (IOT) has provided a wave buoy for term deployments at the pilot boarding station located just south of Red Island Shoal. Included within the dynamic information provided to the Placentia Bay user community is custom weather and sea sta","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116977220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New tools for ocean exploration, equipping the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer","authors":"J. Manley","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151876","url":null,"abstract":"In 2004 the US Navy transferred the USNS Capable (T-AGOS 16) to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The vessel has recently completed an extensive conversion effort to become the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer. NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) will use the vessel to conduct multi-disciplinary ocean exploration and research projects. OER's goal is to increase America's knowledge of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and other areas of the roughly 95 percent of the underwater world not previously explored and largely unknown. As a new vessel dedicated to ocean exploration the Okeanos Explorer received significant upgrades and new equipment. This paper describes the major facets of the conversion. The Okeanos Explorer will be the first NOAA vessel to carry a dedicated remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and systems designed to connect the ship and ROV activities to shore via ldquotelepresence.rdquo The development and integration of these new technologies on the vessel is also described. The paper concludes with a discussion of how OER envisions these tools being employed in ocean exploration.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116008490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane discharge from a submarine mud volcano - A multiple-method approach","authors":"E. Sauter, A. Wegener","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151895","url":null,"abstract":"Submarine methane discharge manifests in different forms and occurs on different spatial scales. Physical, biological and geochemical processes interact at the seafloor. Comprehension and description of such complex systems requires a suite of different sampling and in situ measurement technologies. As an example, investigations carried out at a submarine mud volcano are described. Multi-method investigations are challenging in respect to handling, technical inter-operability as well as synchronization and integration of the data obtained.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116293852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic knowledge-based representation for improving situation awareness in service oriented agents of autonomous underwater vehicles","authors":"P. Patrón, Emilio Miguelanez, J. Cartwright, Y. Pétillot","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151932","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a semantic world model framework for hierarchical distributed representation of knowledge in autonomous underwater systems. This framework aims to provide a more capable and holistic system, involving semantic interoperability, among all involved information sources. This will enhance interoperability, independence of operation, and situation awareness of the embedded service-oriented agents for autonomous platforms. The results obtained specificially impact om mission flexibility robustness and autonomy. The presented framework makes use of the idea that heterogeneous real-world data of very different types must be proceed by (and run through) several different layers to be finally available in a suited format and at the right place to be acccesible by high-level decision making agents. In this sense, the presented approach shows how to abstract away from the raw real-world data step by step by means of semantic technologies. The paper concludes by demonstrating the benefits of the framework in a real scenario. A hardware fault is simulated in a REMUS 100 AUV while performing a mission. This triggers a knowledge exchange between the incipient fault diagnosis agent and the adaptive mission planner embedded agent. By using the proposed framework, both services can interchange information while remaining domain independent during their interaction with the platform. The results of this paper are readily applicable to land and air robotics.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122033712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underwater acoustic technology: review of some recent developments","authors":"K. Foote","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151998","url":null,"abstract":"It is a truism to say that the relationship of science and technology is pushpull. This is illustrated regularly throughout the fields of ocean engineering and ocean science. It underlies this review for the particular case of underwater acoustics over the past decade. Developments are summarized apropos of the interests of the OES Technology Committee on Underwater Acoustics: (1) design, fabrication, and testing of acoustic instrumentation such as transducers, transducer arrays, hydrophones, sound sources, transponders, and recording systems; (2) use of acoustic instrumentation in the form of active and passive sonar systems for such applications as bottom mapping, underwater imaging, ocean measurement, observation and quantification of biological organisms, target surveillance and tracking; (3) modeling and prediction of ocean acoustic parameters, such as multipath arrival structure, scattering, reverberation, and noise, which influence sonar system performance. Related topics such as underwater acoustic communication, navigation, and positioning; sonar image processing; and inference of ocean acoustic parameters are addressed in separate, independent reviews. This review is a contribution to the 40th anniversary celebration of the OES.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"2008-Supplement 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129666747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}