The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World最新文献_第2页

Policy failure before Covid-19 pandemic and options for the government in near future Covid-19大流行前的政策失败和政府在不久的将来的选择

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-23

Arijit Dutta, M. Bose

{"title":"Policy failure before Covid-19 pandemic and options for the government in near future","authors":"Arijit Dutta, M. Bose","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-23","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of Covid-19 pandemic, majority of the Indian states failed miserably in disease surveillance, primarily because of almost a complete policy void in health system and coordination failure in the preceding years. This chapter attempts to analyse the historical traits of health policy matrix of pandemic preparedness and post-epidemic policy interventions in different countries and then look into the sheer neglect of public health in general and epidemic preparedness in particular in India. While recognizing the fact that restrictive policies of quarantine, lockdown and isolation can at best postpone the disease spread, these policies actually could have reduced the burden of epidemic only if the health infrastructure and public health policy matrix were robust enough for inserting correct dose of disease surveillance and treatment. The surveillance mechanism had hit a floor as the public-funded test coverage was low and inadequate in most of the states. The private demand for prevention (in the form of behavioural change and going for detection) could not supplement the overall preventive services. State-wise data analysis identifies that the death rates were very high in some states primarily owing to demographic pattern and prevalence of non-communicable diseases. This indicates that what we need at this hour is not compartmentalized and segregated vertical programmes for specific diseases, but a holistic approach towards health system strengthening, with a renewed focus on public health comprising strict disease surveillances and preventive mechanism. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130017588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Labour and the pandemic 劳工与大流行

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-26

Lopamudra Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya

{"title":"Labour and the pandemic","authors":"Lopamudra Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-26","url":null,"abstract":"In this expository essay, we argue that the pandemic has brought out in sharp relief certain particulars about current conditions of work and employment that often remain substratal. Using work situations of individuals as our analytical lens, we study the differences in Covid experiences of working populations in the Global North and the Global South. For this study, we interrogate the familiar notions of ‘work’ and ‘employment’. Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing disjuncture between these two categories, with certain fundamental and wide-ranging changes taking place in the nature of work and relations of employment. We draw from critical studies on these issues to develop our idea of work situation. This concept is predicated on the nature of work performed, the circumstance under which work is performed, and the position that a working individual occupies within the economic processes of production and distribution. We posit that these factors shape the conditions of precarity in livelihood conditions and chances of disease exposure that we observe during the pandemic. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"19 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114037422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Higher education in the Post-Covid era 后疫情时代的高等教育

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-24

S. Chattopadhyay

{"title":"Higher education in the Post-Covid era","authors":"S. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-24","url":null,"abstract":"With the imposition of Lockdown in the wake of the Pandemic, the functioning of the Indian universities came to a halt. As the Indian economy is limping back to normalcy, restoration of normalcy in teaching-learning is taking longer with the online mode emerging as a viable alternate mode. Though introduction of online mode began more than a decade ago, the sudden disruption caused by the Pandemic has expedited the adoption on a much wider scale. This chapter looks at the transformative changes the Indian higher education sector is undergoing in the Post-Covid era with policy support from the National Education Policy 2020 and popularization of online platforms by the government. It is argued that some of these changes are structural as these redefine the concepts of time and space associated with the university as a site for learning and research. Further, this chapter looks at India’s position in the global knowledge space in terms of world university ranking, research collaboration, students’ mobility and India’s preparedness to embrace the new normal at the global level. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114195486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Covid-19 and an assessment of some policy actions adopted by India 以及对印度采取的一些政策行动的评估

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-12

Hiranya Lahiri

{"title":"Covid-19 and an assessment of some policy actions adopted by India","authors":"Hiranya Lahiri","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-12","url":null,"abstract":"In order to combat the Covid-19-induced economic downturn, the RBI has pursued two successive rate cuts between March and May 2020. Further, the central government has raised excise duties on petrol and diesel with effect from May 2020. These measures are aimed at reviving domestic output and providing fiscal space to the government to pursue expansionary fiscal policy. This chapter serves two purposes. First, it constructs a theoretical short-run-open-economy model that can characterise the present Indian economy. Second, it examines the effects of these two policies on relevant endogenous variables. This chapter conjectures that the effect of rate cut on the Indian economy may have counter-intuitive result. Instead of raising output it might deepen recession. It will unambiguously lead to exchange rate depreciation and raise domestic price level. However, a rise in the indirect tax on petrol and diesel will unambiguously deepen the recession and raise domestic price level. Moreover, it is likely to depreciate the exchange rate and build up additional inflationary pressure. Thus, these two recent measures may not have the desired impact. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123694032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lockdowns, migrants, and the spatial distribution of Covid-19 cases in India 封锁、移民和印度Covid-19病例的空间分布

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-25

Z. Husain, R. Kothari

{"title":"Lockdowns, migrants, and the spatial distribution of Covid-19 cases in India","authors":"Z. Husain, R. Kothari","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-25","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the impact of the national level lockdown in India on the migrant workers, and how it changed the spatial distribution of Covid-19 cases. Publicly available district-level data is analysed using spatial statistical methods (choropleth maps, Local Indicators of Spatial Analysis, the Getis-Ord gi* statistic, and multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression models). On 24th March, 2020, the Prime Minister announced a national lockdown to combat the spread of Covid-19 in India. This resulted in lakhs of migrant workers being stranded in their places of work - exposed to Covid-19, without any work or income. Their long march back to their homes was initially ignored;it was only from May that the Indian Railways started to transport these workers back to their states of origin. This study argues that in the absence of adequate health screening at both source and destination, over-crowded trains, insanitary conditions, and failure to run trains on schedule - the Shramik trains resulted in Covid-19 spreading from hotspots like Maharashtra and Gujarat to create new epicentres in eastern states like West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Assam from where the migrant workers had originated. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126840117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Green or brown 绿色或棕色

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-14

R. Sarkar

{"title":"Green or brown","authors":"R. Sarkar","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-14","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic was a wakeup call for policy makers around the world to revisit their obsession with economic growth and prioritise social welfare. Climate change will soon throw up similar challenges. Policy makers need to be prepared to start addressing the twin challenges of public and ecological health in an integrated matter. After drawing parallels between the current Covid-19 crisis and the ongoing climate change crisis, we discuss their interrelationship. We then assess the impact of Covid-19 on the environment, with a focus on India. The series of lockdowns that ensued as a response to the Covid-19 crisis affected business adversely, and we discuss how firms could react to the “new normal” that has emerged, in the context of the ecological environment. The impact of economic stimulus packages on the ecological health of the planet, and more specifically on the progress towards meeting commitments made by nations towards climate change is examined next. We conclude with a few pointers on policy directions that could promote green economic growth for a sustainable future with lower risks of pandemics. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129713933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The future of labour segmentation after Covid-19 Covid-19后劳动力细分的未来

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-28

M. B. Salem

引用次数: 0

Covid-19 pandemic and migrant workers Covid-19大流行与移民工人

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-27

Srobonti Chattopadhyay

{"title":"Covid-19 pandemic and migrant workers","authors":"Srobonti Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-27","url":null,"abstract":"According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), almost 64% of international migrants were migrant workers in 2017. The ILO suggests that both the countries of origin and destination gain from the contribution of the migrant workers - in destination countries, the migrant workers contribute to growth and development, while the countries of their origin largely benefit from their remittances and from the skills they acquire during their migration experience once they come back. The intra-country migrant workers play an important role in the economic dynamics of countries like India. This chapter considers the cases of both intra-country and inter-country migrant workers. The Covid-19 pandemic has severely disrupted economic activities worldwide, leading to large-scale retrenchment. Recovery prospect of employment varies across sectors. For international migrant workers, the retrenchment has serious long-run consequences for the economic health of their countries of origin due to drop in remittances. The miserable situation of the migrant workers in India following the sudden lockdown created concern all over the world. This chapter makes an attempt to study the impact of Covid-19 on migrant workers separately for those who were forced to come back to their countries of origin and those who could not, along with the impact on their countries of origin and destination and also the situation of migrant workers in India and discusses some policy options at national and multilateral levels to address the problems faced by migrant workers. The entire analysis is based on data from ILO, United Nations, World Bank and various international agencies and newspapers. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"10892 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131340541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The long shadow of epidemics1 流行病的长期阴影

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-9

Shankha Chakraborty, M. Das

引用次数: 0

Measurement of efficiency loss in Indian agricultural sector due to Covid-19 Covid-19对印度农业部门效率损失的衡量

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-19

D. Pal, Arpita Ghose, C. Chakraborty

{"title":"Measurement of efficiency loss in Indian agricultural sector due to Covid-19","authors":"D. Pal, Arpita Ghose, C. Chakraborty","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-19","url":null,"abstract":"A large amount of migration of labour from the informal industrial or unorganized sector to the agricultural sector has accelerated the problem of downward pressure in Indian economy during the Covid-19 pandemic situation. If these migrant labourers are bound to be absorbed in the agricultural sector, then not only the amount of surplus labour is aggravated, but the extent of efficiency of agricultural sector may be reduced as well, since these migrant labour would be forced to choose agricultural activities and may not be as efficient as workers who are normally employed in the agricultural sector. This chapter measures the extent of the decline in efficiency in the Indian agricultural sector and the consequent loss of output, arising out of the employment of inefficient labour due to Covid-19 problem and also the extent of the casual labour force that can be dispensed with in order to keep the output level unchanged, taking rice production as a case study and considering the data from 16 major rice-producing Indian states for the period 2004-05 to 2020. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125687385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0