The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World最新文献

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-6

Soumyanetra Munshi

引用次数: 0

Developing economic herd immunity in the face of a pandemic1 面对大流行，发展经济群体免疫力

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-11

Parikshit Ghosh

{"title":"Developing economic herd immunity in the face of a pandemic1","authors":"Parikshit Ghosh","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-11","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 is an aggregate productivity shock but the magnitude of the shock varies widely across sectors and households. As a result, it is also a shock to the income distribution. A second feature of the pandemic is that the virus creates a classic negative externality-greater economic activity spreads the disease faster but agents do not internalize this beyond personal health risk. Borrowing techniques from the optimal taxation literature, this chapter analyses how these twin problems can be addressed using tax-transfer policies and economic incentives. I show that there is no conflict between efficiency and equity-policies which reduce the disease burden optimally must also redistribute from agents and sectors that have suffered relatively smaller losses to those that have been beset with big shocks. Lags in income assessment can be overcome by paying a universal basic income upfront and postponing tax liabilities. Even from a public health perspective, an egalitarian response to the heterogeneous impact of Covid-19 can be more effective than blanket measures like lockdowns coupled with fiscal conservatism. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126448560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coping with Covid-19 and its consequences 应对Covid-19及其后果

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-16

A. Mukherji, Arjun Shatrunjay

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Impact of the coronavirus pandemic on de-globalization 冠状病毒大流行对去全球化的影响

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-13

Ranajoy Bhattacharyya, Anupriya Gangopadhyay, Abhilasha Pandey

{"title":"Impact of the coronavirus pandemic on de-globalization","authors":"Ranajoy Bhattacharyya, Anupriya Gangopadhyay, Abhilasha Pandey","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-13","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we argue that the economic devastation caused by the coronavirus pandemic has forced governments to attach a higher weight to social welfare over other political objectives in determining trade policies. We make this point by looking at the pandemic package announced by the Indian government during the initial stages of the coronavirus episode. We then analyse this argument in the context of an extended version of the protection for sale model to conjecture about the possible short-run and long-run implications of the pandemic on globalization and its reverse. In our framework, in the short run governments are free to choose unilateral tariff levels according to the changed circumstances. In the long run, these unilateral tariff levels are set by a process of bargaining with trading partners. Three factors emerge as important in determining the future course of globalization: the continued importance given to social welfare, the extent of labour intensity of the import-competing sector and the relative bargaining power of the country. In general, countries attaching more importance to social welfare will reduce tariffs and ease out of the de-globalization process if they have a relatively capital-intensive import-competing sector and low bargaining power in trade negotiations. However, countries with labour-intensive import-competing sectors and some bargaining power in trade negotiations may increase tariffs and further contribute to the de-globalization process. The analysis also gives some rationale to the Indian government’s self-reliance slogan during the announcement of the pandemic economic package and its relative inaction in actual policy front. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131027086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Covid-19 pandemic Covid-19大流行

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-21

Sutirtha Bandyopadhyay, Bipasha Maity

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The macroeconomic impact of Covid-19 on the Indian economy 新冠肺炎疫情对印度经济的宏观经济影响

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-10

Ajitava Raychaudhuri

{"title":"The macroeconomic impact of Covid-19 on the Indian economy","authors":"Ajitava Raychaudhuri","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-10","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 pandemic has not only brought health contagion across countries, but affected the interdependent global economy severely. The Indian economy is no exception, but it has a distinction. The economy was already facing a macroeconomic crisis before the onset of Covid-19 in the form of deficiency of aggregate demand leading to unintended inventory accumulation in various sectors of the economy and slowdown of GDP growth. Covid just made the problem worse. The components of aggregate demand were subdued for various reasons. Current consumer expenditure showed further decline due to a rising uncertainty and widening income inequality. Investment did not respond to Reserve Bank’s efforts in either reducing cost of capital or increasing liquidity on account of both business uncertainty and bank apathy. The current account in international trade showed improvement not in response to increase in global demand but rather to a significant slowdown of import due to a sluggish Indian economy. The only component which is left is government expenditure which is expected to follow Keynesian pump-priming theory. However, aggregate supply experienced sectoral negative shocks due to sudden lockdown and reverse migration of labour force. Thus, the economy shows lower than expected performance in the immediate short run, but in the medium and long term one cannot guarantee a sustained growth trajectory either without additional policy interventions. The chapter explores such macroeconomic effects in terms of some variants of aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) framework, introducing uncertainty and supply shocks in both static and growth perspective. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122641128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corona pandemic and the changing global economy 新冠疫情与不断变化的全球经济

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-1

R. Bhattacharyya, A. Dastidar, S. Sikdar

{"title":"Corona pandemic and the changing global economy","authors":"R. Bhattacharyya, A. Dastidar, S. Sikdar","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-1","url":null,"abstract":"The largest unprecedented and devastating health shock of the twenty-first century appeared with the outbreak of Covid-19 virus. It has brought the world to a standstill and thrown before it the challenge of ‘life or livelihood’. Along with massive economic disruption, it has brought considerable human suffering, and significantly affected socio-cultural relationships, behavioural patterns and psychological attitudes governing human interactions. This introductory chapter seeks to provide an overview of the impact of this pandemic on various aspects of the economy and human life output, employment, trade patterns, educational platforms, changes in social relations, gender discrimination and behavioural patterns. It also attempts to explore the extent of preparedness of South Asian countries, and in particular India, to implement revival policies to overcome the crisis. The chapter also tries to analyse and provide a broad overview of revival policy options for combating possible global recession. Finally, the various issues explored in different chapters of this volume in connection with the corona pandemic are also briefly presented herein. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121585637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brothers in arms? Covid-19 and Hindu-Muslim conflict in India1 战友?2019冠状病毒病与印度的印度教-穆斯林冲突

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-7

Anirban Mitra, A. Mukherji

{"title":"Brothers in arms? Covid-19 and Hindu-Muslim conflict in India1","authors":"Anirban Mitra, A. Mukherji","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-7","url":null,"abstract":"Recurrent episodes of Hindu-Muslim violence have plagued India for many years. The Covid-19 pandemic poses new challenges against this backdrop of religious conflict. We explore the performance of various Indian districts in terms of their Covid-19 cases alongside their historical proclivities towards Hindu-Muslim violence. The link between inter-faith cooperation in an area and its subsequent performance in terms of Covid-19 cases is theoretically ambiguous. It may be that areas characterised by low(er) religious antagonism are better able to harness trust within and across communities to jointly battle the spread of the pandemic. Equally, the continual presence of religious violence may induce cooperation within each community and thus check the spread of the virus in riot-prone areas. Combining several district-level datasets, we uncover a robust correlation between various Covid-related outcomes and past conflict measures. Specifically, we find that higher levels of prior Hindu-Muslim conflict are associated with a lower number of Covid-19 infections, deaths and active cases. This pattern is consistent and holds across a wide range of specifications. Our empirical analysis therefore finds strong support for the latter channel. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122830516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Riding the wave or going under? The Covid-19 pandemic and trust in governments 乘风破浪还是沉沦?Covid-19大流行与对政府的信任

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-4

Catherine Bros

{"title":"Riding the wave or going under? The Covid-19 pandemic and trust in governments","authors":"Catherine Bros","doi":"10.4324/9781003220145-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220145-4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the nature of the surge in the approval ratings of leaders of ten countries between January 1 and mid-August 2020. These increases occurred in many countries at the same time as the rise in the number of Covid-19 cases and the issuance of stay-at-home orders and liberties’ restrictions. Some authors have argued that these increases in popularity signalled a decisive change in citizens’ political demand in favour of expertise and technocratic forms of government. However, these surges may also illustrate a standard rally-around-the-flag effect that was triggered by a feeling of insecurity in the face of a new menace. The analysis conducted in this chapter tends to favour the latter hypothesis. It is shown that changes in leaders’ popularity have more to do with the severity of the measures taken, which may have provided a sense of security rather than the trajectory of the number of Covid-19 cases and hence the actual management of the epidemic. The analysis undermines the idea that the Covid-19 dramatically changed political demand and represented a critical juncture. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.","PeriodicalId":113535,"journal":{"name":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124710364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on global political economy 新冠肺炎大流行及其对全球政治经济的影响

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-3

R. Bhattacharya, Ujjwal Kango

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