Journal of High Temperature Society最新文献_第8页

Influence of Partial Combustion on Rapid Pyrolysis of Wood Biomass 部分燃烧对木材生物质快速热解的影响

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.37.58

H. Yasuda, O. Yamada, M. Kaiho, Takuya Shinagawa, Satoshi Matsui, T. Iwasaki, S. Shimada

{"title":"Influence of Partial Combustion on Rapid Pyrolysis of Wood Biomass","authors":"H. Yasuda, O. Yamada, M. Kaiho, Takuya Shinagawa, Satoshi Matsui, T. Iwasaki, S. Shimada","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.37.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.37.58","url":null,"abstract":"バイオマス資源は種々の発生形態に合わせて効率的に利用する必要がある。実用化の代表例としては、直接燃焼しボイラ・蒸気タービンで発電するシステムが挙げられる。しかし、規模が縮小すると効率が低下することが予測され、国内外に多数存在する供給源が小規模で広範囲に渡るバイオマスに対し、経済的に成立しないことが懸念される。中小規模でも高効率なエネルギー回収を行うには、バイオマス原料をガス化した後発電する方法が有力な選択肢と考えられる。高効率なガス化発電プロセスを実現するためには、ガス化炉内の反応に関する基礎的検討が不可欠である。池田らはガス化炉内の反応について、熱バランスに関し指摘している。「同一ガス化炉において反応性の異なる石炭をガス化する場合を考えると、反応性の高い石炭の場合には、吸熱反応がよく進行するので、熱バランスから反応温度が低下し、反応速度が遅くなる。逆に反応性の低い石炭の場合には、吸熱反応が抑制されるために、反応温度が上昇し、反応速度が速くなる。結局、実装置においては、熱バランスから両者の反応性の差が縮小されることになる。」この指摘は石炭ガス化炉に関するものであるが、ガス化炉全般に共通した考え方として興味深い。一方、著者らは、水素添加ガス化、急速水素化熱分解における原料混合が反応に与える影響を調べてきた。原料混合による相乗効果により生成物であるメタン収率が向上する場合があり、その要因は水素化反応に伴う発熱が熱分解反応を促進する作用であることが示された。反面、混合物を構成する各成分の反応の双方が同時に吸熱反応に振れ、相補的な熱的作用が発揮しない場合には反応促進効果が発現しないことを報告した。熱的作用が反応促進効果を左右する要因であれば、水素化反応以外でも熱的作用による反応促進効果を示すと類推される。前述の池田らの指摘に、その視点が含まれると読み取れ、ガス化反応のうち、揮発成分の部分燃焼反応による発熱を前提として吸熱反応である熱分解との間の熱バランスの存在を示唆している。ただ、通常、酸素による酸化反応・燃焼・部分燃焼反応に伴う発熱は同量の水素化反応に伴う発熱より桁違いに大きい。炭化水素類の水素化エンタルピーは-50~ 60 kJ/mol-H2程度である木質バイオマスの急速熱分解に与える部分燃焼の影響","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122911839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of Bulk Glassy Alloy Foams by High Pressure Hydrogen 高压氢法制备大块玻璃泡沫合金

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.34.74

T. Wada, A. Inoue

{"title":"Fabrication of Bulk Glassy Alloy Foams by High Pressure Hydrogen","authors":"T. Wada, A. Inoue","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.34.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.34.74","url":null,"abstract":"Porous Pd42.5Cu30Ni7.5P20 bulk glassy alloy rods with porosities of up to 70% were successfully prepared by high pressure hydrogen of 15 MPa. The melt of Pd42.5Cu30Ni7.5P20 alloy kept under high pressure hydrogen absorbs hydrogen and subsequent water quenching of the melt causes the homogeneous dispersion of hydrogen bubbles, which was resulted from the decrease of hydrogen solubility with decrease of pressure. Annealing the hydrogen bubble containing sample at a supercooled liquid state under vacuum, the bubbles are allowed to expand due to the decrease of viscosity of metallic glass matrix. Pores expansion continues until glassy matrix crystallizes or the equilibration among pressure of the pores, pressure of the atmosphere and surface tension is achieved. By utilizing these phenomena, pores up to 80 μm in diameters are homogeneously distributed over the whole cross-sectional area of a fully glassy matrix. Under compressive deformation, the porous alloys with porosities exceeding 40% did not show macroscopic fracture in a wide compressive strain range up to 0.6 whereas the non-porous alloy fractures instantly after elastic limit of about 0.02. Porous bulk glassy alloys exhibit higher plateau stress, lower Young’s modulus and higher energy absorption capacity compared with the conventional crystalline metal foams.","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"57 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114051846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Esthetic Dental Leucite-Glass-Ceramics with Low-fusing 具有低熔合的美观牙科白色玻璃陶瓷

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.33.293

T. Hoshikawa

{"title":"Esthetic Dental Leucite-Glass-Ceramics with Low-fusing","authors":"T. Hoshikawa","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.33.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.33.293","url":null,"abstract":"修復歯は、現在世界的に審美性(天然歯の外観再現) メタルセラミックスが主流(約 90%、2億本以上)であり、はじめの頃にはポースリンが使用された経緯がある。半透明性の着色セラミックス粉末をメタル製のフレーム上に築盛し、融着により歯冠が作製されている。フレームは構造強度が目的であり、生体安全と適合(<±30μ m)から高強度な Ni-Cr、Ni-Co、Au-Ptおよび Au-Ag-Pd合金が用いられるが、何れも高熱膨張性(線膨張係数 = 14~ 15ppm /°C)であると共に酸化性や低融性などの課題を持っている。セラミックス素材の要件は、1低温融着性(約 950°C以下)、2化学的耐久性、3高熱膨張性(約 14ppm /°C)及び 4半透明性(審美着色の自在性)が主なものである。1にはガラス相の存在が必須であり、2と3を兼ね備えたガラスが見当たらないことから、3は結晶相に依存することになり、3と4から透明性結晶がガラスの屈折率が近似した複合体(ガラスセラミックス)で対応することになる。現在のところ、3と4を兼ね備えた結晶はリューサイト結晶(KAlSi2O6)に限られていると思われるが、これらは著者らが開発した「リューサイト質高熱膨張性ガラスセラミックス」に始まる。この結晶は、高熱膨張性、無色透明及び低屈折率であるが、耐水性が劣悪である。そこで、低融化された SiO2-Al2O3-K2O-Na2O四成分系において、含有結晶量(熱膨張係数)、マトリックスガラスの組成(化学的耐久性と融着温度)、顔料の添加量(調色)及び粒度分布 (操作性)を調整して、実用に供する。以下に、セラミックスを作製するに必要な基礎的要件、即ちリューサイト結晶における高熱膨張性の変動、 SiO2-Al2O3-K2O-Na2O四成分系におけるリューサイト結晶の生成とその安定性、およびガラスセラミックスの熱膨張係数などを概述する。さらに、メタルセラミックスの構成、図 1は、この結晶の理論組成(δ= 0.5、KAlSi2O6)を中心とし、Si含有率(δ= Si / (Si+Al+K))を変化させた組成図1 KAlSiO2-SiO2系における組成とリューサイト結晶の転移温度 6) オパール性、蛍光性および Agよる黄変防止など審美性発現に求められる特長的な諸機能について記述する。","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116811394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

過給式流動炉における下水汚泥の基礎燃焼特性;過給式流動炉における下水汚泥の基礎燃焼特性;Fundamental Combustion Characteristics of Sewage Sludge in Fluidized Bed Incinerator with Turbocharger 增压器流动炉下水污泥的基础燃烧特性;增压器流动炉下水污泥的基础燃烧特性;Fundamental Combustion Characteristics of Sewage Sludge in Fluidized Bed Incinerator withturbocharger

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.34.166

T. Murakami, Yoshizo Suzuki, Hidekazu Nagasawa, Takafumi Yamamoto, Takami Koseki, Hitoshi Hirose, Shuichi Ochi

{"title":"過給式流動炉における下水汚泥の基礎燃焼特性;過給式流動炉における下水汚泥の基礎燃焼特性;Fundamental Combustion Characteristics of Sewage Sludge in Fluidized Bed Incinerator with Turbocharger","authors":"T. Murakami, Yoshizo Suzuki, Hidekazu Nagasawa, Takafumi Yamamoto, Takami Koseki, Hitoshi Hirose, Shuichi Ochi","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.34.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.34.166","url":null,"abstract":"An epoch-making incineration plant, which is equipped with a pressurized fluidized-bed combustor coupled to a turbocharger, for the recovery of the energy contained in sewage sludge is proposed. This plant has three main advantages. (1) A pressure vessel is unnecessary because the maximum operating pressure is 0.3 MPa (absolute pressure). The material cost for plant construction can be reduced. (2) CO2 emissions originating from power generation can be decreased because the FDF (Forced Draft Fan) and the IDF (Induced Draft Fan) are omitted. (3) Steam in the flue gas becomes a working fluid of the turbocharger, so that in addition to the combustion air, the surplus air is also generable. Therefore, this proposed plant will not only save energy but also the generate energy. The objective of this study is to elucidate the fundamental combustion characteristics of the sewage sludge using a lab-scale pressurized fluidized bed combustor (PFBC). The tested fuels are de-watered sludge and sawdust. The temperature distribution in the furnace and N2O emissions in the flue gas are experimentally clarified. As the results, for sludge only combustion, the temperature in the sand bed decreases by drying and pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis gas burns in the freeboard so that the temperature rises. On the other hand, the residual char of sawdust after pyrolysis burns stably in the sand bed for the co-firing of sludge and sawdust. Thus the temperature of the co-firing is considerably higher than that of the sludge only combustion. N2O emissions decreases with increasing freeboard temperature, and are controlled by the temperature for all experimental conditions. These data can be utilize to operation the demonstration plant.","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128467072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Combustion Simulation and Quick-freeze Observation of a Cupola-furnace Process Using a Bio-coke Fuel Based on Tea Scum 茶渣生物焦燃料冲天炉燃烧模拟及速冻观察

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.35.91

Kazuyoshi Ishii, H. Murata, K. Kuwana, S. Mizuno, A. Morita, T. Ida

{"title":"Combustion Simulation and Quick-freeze Observation of a Cupola-furnace Process Using a Bio-coke Fuel Based on Tea Scum","authors":"Kazuyoshi Ishii, H. Murata, K. Kuwana, S. Mizuno, A. Morita, T. Ida","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.35.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.35.91","url":null,"abstract":"Global environment problems have become more and more serious in recent years, and reduction of greenhouse gas emission based on Kyoto Protocol adopted at the 3rd conference of the parties of the United nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3); securement of primary energy source and development of clean and renewable energy sources have been pressingly needed in consideration of the predicted depletion of fossil fuel in the future. In this study, we explore the use of a solidified biomass-derived fuel, having the maximum compressive strength of 100MPa and calorific value of 21MJ/kg, in iron-casting or iron-making processes as an alternative fuel to be mixed with coal coke. This study, carried out for internal observation using a quick-freeze technique, observed an actual working cupola furnace under the 20% alternative coal coke operation condition. After quick freeze of the cupola furnace, the solidified biomass fuel was found to inhabit near the iron-melting zone. Especially, this solidified biomass fuel smoothly changes carbonized fuel through high-density state during the operating process. On the other hand, this study tried to simulate gasification combustion under a high temperature environment instead of actual internal combustion of solidified biomass fuel. These combustion mechanisms were confirmed to be similar to diffusion-flame phenomena in general.","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128781186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Resistance for Erosion on Carbonized Lignin and Si in Combined Materials 炭化木质素和硅复合材料的抗侵蚀性能

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.36.185

T. Kajimoto, T. Hata, M. Tagawa, H. Kojima, Y. Imamura, H. Hayakawa, H. Yamakawa, Y. Ueda

引用次数: 1

High Power Fiber Laser and the Newest Applications 高功率光纤激光器及其最新应用

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/jhts.35.171

M. Tsuji

{"title":"High Power Fiber Laser and the Newest Applications","authors":"M. Tsuji","doi":"10.7791/jhts.35.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/jhts.35.171","url":null,"abstract":"IPGファイバーレーザの開発経緯について説明をする。 IPG Photonics Corporationは、1990年に光通信用アンプリファイアーの開発・製造を目的に、Dr.V.Gapontsev(バレンタイン・ガポンセフ博士)により、ロシア・モスクワ近郊で創立された。世界的な IT業界拡大の波に乗り急速に成長し、1994年にはドイツに進出し IPG Laser GmbHを設立した。さらに 1999年にはアメリカに進出し、本社をアメリカに移し、現在の IPG Photonics Corporationの形態を確立した。しかし、その直後の 2000年にアメリカでの ITバブル終息で業績が大きく後退し、IT業界一辺倒の業態から脱却するために、多角化する必要に迫られ、高出力ファイバーレーザの開発を開始した。開発開始からわずか 3年後の 2003年には加工点出力4 kW(加工ヘッド内ロス3%以下のファイバーレーザの開発に成功した。他のどのレーザよりも超コンパクトで、そのフットプリントは僅か 0.8 m× 0.85 mであり、電気効率も 27 %を超え、小型・高効率化が達成されている。 IPGフォトニクスジャパン(株)が 2004年 5月に設立されて、日本市場での営業を本格的に開始し、約 5年間で 1 kW 以上の IPGファイバーレーザ装置が 230台を超えて納入された。高パワーレーザの場合、2006年 3月に大学に 10 kW ファイバーレーザを納入し、さらに、同年に特別な技術を付加された 36 kWのシステムが重工業の分野に納入された。2008年には 10 kWおよび 20 kWのレーザ装置がジョブショップに納入された。Fig. 2にジョブショップに納入された YLR-20000(加工点出力 20 kW)と加工システムの外観を示す。同社は 20 kWファイバーレーザ、FSW、電子ビーム溶接システムを保有され、個々の接合技術利点を生かした構造体の受託製作を行われている。","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134153376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Fabrication of Hybrid Functionally Coating by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying 气体隧道型等离子喷涂复合功能涂层的制备

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.34.262

A. Kobayashi

{"title":"Fabrication of Hybrid Functionally Coating by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying","authors":"A. Kobayashi","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.34.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.34.262","url":null,"abstract":"The material thermal processing using the nano-technology is now advanced towards more precise and controllable smart stage. Regarding plasma processing, plasma system with high precise, has been expected for smart thermal processing. A gas tunnel type plasma system exhibits high energy density and also high efficiency. One practical application of plasma processing is thermal spraying of ceramics such as Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 . The characteristics of these ceramic coatings were superior to the conventional ones. The ZrO 2 composite coating has the possibility of the development of high functionally graded TBC (thermal barrier coating). In this paper, the performance such as the mechanical properties, thermal behavior and high temperature oxidation resistance of the alumina/zirconia functionally graded TBCs produced by gas tunnel type plasma spraying was described and discussed. The results showed that the alumina/zirconia composite system exhibited the improvement of mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. Now, one of the advanced plasma application is expected to obtain the desired characteristics of ceramics with improved corrosion resistance, thermal resistance, and wear resistance. One application of the smart coating technology is a formation of Hydroxiapatite coating for bio-medical application, and another is the metallic glass coating with high function.","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134369357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

物材機構における高温タービン部材開発の現状と展望;物材機構における高温タービン部材開発の現状と展望;Development of High Temperature Turbine Materials at NIMS: present and Future 材料机构高温涡轮构件开发现状及展望;材料机构高温涡轮构件开发现状及展望;Development of High Temperature Turbine Materials at NIMS:当前与未来

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.33.237

H. Harada, T. Yokokawa, Akihiro Sato, Kyoko Kawagishi, Y. Gu

{"title":"物材機構における高温タービン部材開発の現状と展望;物材機構における高温タービン部材開発の現状と展望;Development of High Temperature Turbine Materials at NIMS: present and Future","authors":"H. Harada, T. Yokokawa, Akihiro Sato, Kyoko Kawagishi, Y. Gu","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.33.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.33.237","url":null,"abstract":"エネルギー資源の節約、CO2削減による地球温暖化防止などの観点から、ジェットエンジンや天然ガス燃焼複合発電などに用いるガスタービン機関のいっそうの効率向上が必要になっている。これらの効率向上にはタービン入り口温度上昇が最も有効であり、その実現に必要な耐熱材料、なかでも最も現実的に効果を期待できる次世代 Ni基超合金の研究開発が内外で活発に行われている。本稿では、ジェットエンジンなどの高温タービン用 Ni基超合金部材開発の現状を、新世紀耐熱材料プロジェクト(第一期 1999-2005年度:文部科学省 /物材機構)の成果を中心に、海外の最新技術とも比較しながら紹介する。すなわち、タービン翼材に関しては、世界初の第 5世代 Ni基単結晶超合金や新たな発想に基づく EQコーティング(熱力学平衡コーティング)について、またディスク材に関しては新規鋳造 /鍛造ディスク合金開発の現状について述べる。他省庁や民間企業との協力によるこれらの材料の実用化研究の進展や、2006年 6月に物材機構に設立されたロールス・ロイス航空宇宙材料センターについても可能な範囲で紹介したい。","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"12 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131545665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

ロケットにおける測定技術;ロケットにおける測定技術;Measurements for Rocket Vehicles 火箭测量技术;火箭测量技术;Measurements for Rocket Vehicles

Journal of High Temperature Society Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7791/JHTS.34.220

Takashi Maemura, Takanobu Kamiya

引用次数: 0