Drug Design, Development and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the ED50 of Ciprofol Combined With or Without Fentanyl for Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Children: A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Dose-Response Trial.","authors":"Sicong Wang, Yan Li, Fang Chen, Hua-Cheng Liu, Lezhou Pan, Wangning Shangguan","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S466603","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S466603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to estimate the effect of different doses of fentanyl on the median effective dose (ED50) of ciprofol for attenuating the airway and motor response to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion response in healthy children.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>90 healthy preschool patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups: C0 (ciprofol+saline), C1 (ciprofol + fentanyl 1µg/kg), C2 (ciprofol + fentanyl 2µg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with either prepared fentanyl or saline, followed by ciprofol. The dose of ciprofol for each patient was determined using the up-and-down sequential study design. The primary outcome was the ED50 of ciprofol required for smooth LMA insertion in the three groups. Additionally, the time to loss of consciousness and any perioperative adverse events were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the C0 group, the ED50 (95% confidence interval) of ciprofol in the C1 and C2 groups were significantly lower (1.81 [1.73-1.90]mg/kg versus 0.67 [0.64-0.71]mg/kg and 0.48 [0.42-0.54] mg/kg, respectively; P<0.05). Additionally, the ED50 of ciprofol in the C2 group was lower than that in the C1 group (0.42 [0.42-0.54] mg/kg vs 0.67 [0.64-0.71]mg/kg; P<0.05). Furthermore, the time to loss of consciousness in the C1 and C2 groups decreased by 60% and 53%, respectively, compared to the C0 group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of drug-related hypotension after anesthesia induction among the three groups. No adverse events of hypoxia, bradycardia, or injection pain were observed in any groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In healthy, non-obese Chinese children undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair surgery, fentanyl 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg before ciprofol injection significantly reduced the ED50 of ciprofol for attenuating LMA response, with minimal occurrence of severe side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4471-4480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Tigecycline for Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.","authors":"Shuping Song, Jieqiong Liu, Wei Su, Haitao Yu, Binbin Feng, Yinshan Wu, Feng Guo, Zhenwei Yu","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S473080","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S473080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tigecycline is considered one of the last resorts for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is widely used in critically ill patients, especially those with acute kidney injury or severe infections. However, pharmacokinetic data for tigecycline in patients receiving CRRT are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center prospective clinical study with intensive sampling that included critically ill patients who received tigecycline and CRRT. A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model was developed and evaluated by goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap analysis, visual predictive checks, and numerical predictive checks. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment and cumulative fraction of response analyses were performed to explore the potential need for dose adjustments of tigecycline in CRRT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 21 patients with 167 concentrations were included. A two-compartment model adequately described the tigecycline concentration-time points, but no covariates were found to adequately explain the viability in the pharmacokinetic parameters of tigecycline. The typical values of CL, Q, V1 and V2 were 4.42 L/h, 34.8 L/h, 30.9 L and 98.7 L, respectively. For most infections, the standard regimen of 50 mg/12 h was deemed appropriate, expect for skin and soft skin tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia caused by <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, which required a dosage regimen of 100 mg/12 h or higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A tigecycline PPK model describing critically ill patients undergoing CRRT was successfully developed. The optimized dosage regimens for various infections are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4459-4469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on <i>Cassia alata</i> Bioactive Compounds: In silico, in vitro, and in vivo Studies.","authors":"Michelle Natasha Colin, Nur Shelly Ester Claudiana, Annisa Utami Kaffah, Aliya Nur Hasanah, Sandra Megantara","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S477679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S477679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cassia alata</i> Linn is a popular herbal remedy in many countries, and its activities have been studied through many studies, starting from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. This narrative review will focus more on secondary metabolites that are responsible for certain pharmacological activities that have undergone in vivo, in vitro, and in silico testing to determine the underlying mechanism. Twenty pharmacological activities have been identified, with the flavonoid group (emodin, kaempferol, quercetin) as the most prevalent secondary metabolite found in <i>Cassia alata</i>. There have been numerous studies looking at the role of flavonoids about specific diseases, and flavonoid testing is quite thorough because it covers three different study types. However, there has not been significant progress accomplished in terms of the evaluation of the dosage form so that test results for promising activities like antidiabetic, antifungal, and antiviral can be carried out into further research. Additionally, several disorders lack comprehensive investigation, particularly in silico studies, therefore further study is required to fill any gaps in the knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4427-4447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Coptidis Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex Drug Pair and Their Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects and Pharmacokinetics Analysis.","authors":"Qian Xie, Jiarou Chen, Hongyan Yang, Jianlong Liang, Rong Ma, Jialiang Guo, Xuxin Zeng","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S477381","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S477381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbal pairs are unique combinations of two relatively fixed herbs that are used in clinical practice. This is the most fundamental and straightforward form of multiple herbal treatment that aims to attain specific efficacy through unique methods. Coptidis Rhizoma (\"Huanglian\" in Chinese) and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (\"Houpo\" in Chinese) which are commonly used in combination and could also be used as important components of other prescriptions to treat damp-heat dysentery, splenic and stomach disorders, and qi stagnation in clinical practice. However, there is currently no summary on the compatibility of Huanglian and Houpo about traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity. It was found the combination or separate extraction of the two drugs may affect the main active components, and new components may be produced after the combined extraction. At the same time, Huanglian and Houpo herb pair exhibited antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and other pharmacological effects. At present, research mainly focuses on the indicator components of Huanglian and Houpo, such as berberine, magnolol, and magnolol. The models used for pharmacological validation are limited, mainly including ulcerative colitis, pneumonia, bacterial infections, etc. In order to verify the pharmacological activity of the combination of Huanglian and Houpo, it is necessary to try more in vitro and in vivo models. It's still need to study the compatibility mechanism of the Huanglian and Houpo drug pair, including but not limited to the interactions between different components and the impact of compatibility on efficacy, bioequivalence studies, and the impact of different dosage forms on pharmacokinetics in the future. It's believed that the systematic review provided comprehensive information for the study of Huanglian-Houpo drug pair, which will help highlight the importance of the Huanglian-Houpo herb pair and provide some clues for future research on this herb pair.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4413-4426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Bacterial Lysate OM-85: Advances in Pharmacology and Therapeutics.","authors":"Ling-Ling Zhu, Yan-Hong Wang, Jian-Hua Feng, Quan Zhou","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S484897","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S484897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial lysates are known for having immunomodulatory properties and have been used mainly for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, rigorous studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of bacterial lysates with various bacterial antigen components, preparation methods, administration routes and course of treatment. OM-85, an oral standardized lysate prepared by alkaline lysis of 21 strains from 8 species of common respiratory tract pathogens, is indicated as immunotherapy for prevention of recurrent RTIs and acute infectious exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. OM-85 acts on multiple innate and adaptive immune targets and can restore type 1 helper T (Th1)/Th2 balance. Sporadic studies have shown advances in pharmacology and therapeutics of OM-85, and thus an update review is necessary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature was retrieved by searching PubMed, Web of science, Embase, CNKI, and Full Text Database of Chinese Medical Journals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New roles of OM-85 were discovered in prevention and treatment of lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, SARS-CoV-2 infection, allergic rhinitis, pulmonary fibrosis, atopic dermatitis, and nephrotic syndrome. Pharmacoeconomic values of OM-85 were demonstrated in prophylaxis and treatment of RTIs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Two consecutive courses of OM-85 (6 or 12 months apart) could prevent recurrent RTIs in children. Maternal OM-85 treatment could offer benefits for offspring. Product-specific response was observed. The efficacy of OM-85 may be associated with patient's characteristics (eg, severity of the disease, age, immune response pattern, malignancy risk stratification).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OM-85 can improve effectiveness of standard care for some primary diseases, and carry significant pharmacoeconomic implications. The benefits shown by OM-85 in vitro and in vivo, when extrapolated to humans, are exciting but also require caution. Individualized treatment may need to be considered. It is necessary to compare the efficacy and safety of various bacterial lysate preparations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4387-4399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum Local Anesthetic Dose of Ropivacaine in Cesarean Section for Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Spinal Anesthesia Using 24-Gauge versus 26-Gauge Needles Based on Fluid Simulation Technology: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Chunying Zheng, Hanliang Fan, Peng Ye, Xing Zhang, Xiaochun Zheng, Ting Zheng","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S476710","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S476710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous research has demonstrated that real-time ultrasound-guided (UG) spinal anesthesia requires a higher minimum local anesthetic dose (MLAD) compared to traditional methods. However, the precise MLAD of ropivacaine for UG cesarean sections remains undetermined. In this study, we ascertained the MLAD of ropivacaine for cesarean section. We also investigated the mechanism underlying the diffusion of ropivacaine within the spinal canal using fluid simulation technology.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We randomly placed 60 healthy parturients undergoing elective cesarean section with real-time UG spinal anesthesia into Groups I (26-gauge spinal needle) and II (24-gauge spinal needle). For the first parturient in both groups, 15 mg of ropivacaine was administered intrathecally. Based on the effective or ineffective response of the previous parturient, the dose for the subsequent parturient was increased or decreased by 1 mg. Spinal anesthesia characteristics and side effects were recorded. A computer-generated spinal canal model was developed. Leveraging fluid dynamics simulation technology, we documented the diffusion of ropivacaine in the spinal canal using 26-and 24-gauge spinal needles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MLADs in Groups I and II were 12.728 mg (12.339-13.130 mg) and 9.795 mg (9.491-10.110 mg), respectively. No significant difference was observed in the onset times and durations of sensory or motor blocks, incidence of complications, or neonatal Apgar scores between both groups. Fluid simulation modeling indicated that the 26-gauge spinal needle achieved a higher distribution level more quickly; however, its peak drug concentration was lower compared to the 24-gauge spinal needle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For cesarean section anesthetization, the required MLAD of ropivacaine when using a real-time UG 26-gauge spinal needle is significantly greater than that with a 24-gauge needle. The spinal needle diameter influences ropivacaine's MLAD by markedly affecting its diffusion rate within the spinal canal.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4401-4412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Remimazolam and Propofol in Recovery of Elderly Outpatients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Randomized, Non-Inferiority Trial.","authors":"Lin Lu, Bing Chen, Xueli Zhao, Jie Zhai, Pan Zhang, Zhen Hua","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S474275","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S474275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We designed this trial to compare the recovery time of remimazolam and propofol in elderly patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this randomized, non-Inferiority trial, 360 patients aged 65 years or older, scheduled for elective outpatient gastrointestinal endoscopy, were randomly assigned to the remimazolam combined with fentanyl (RF) group or the propofol combined with fentanyl (PF) group. The primary outcome was the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time, defined as the time from the end of the examination to scoring 9 points using the Modified Post-Anesthetic Discharge Scoring System (MPADSS) criteria. Secondary outcomes included sedation-related adverse events, recall, injection pain, as well as postoperative Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 351 patients completed the study, with 174 receiving remimazolam and 177 receiving propofol. The PACU stay time in RF group was non-inferior to that in PF group [14 (11, 18) vs 13 (10, 17), mean difference 1 (95% confidence interval 0, 2), <i>P</i>=0.084 for noninferiority]. However, remimazolam was associated with lower rate of hypoxemia [4.7% (8/180) vs 12.4% (22/180), <i>P</i>=0.011], reduced use of vasoactive drugs [1 (0, 1) vs 1 (1, 2), <i>P</i><0.001], less injection pain [2 (1.2%) vs 35 (21.3%), <i>P</i><0.001], and lower recall [20 (11.8%) vs 36 (20.3%), <i>P</i>=0.034]. There were no differences in the QoR-15 scores and PSQI scores at postoperative 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This non-inferiority study revealed that in elderly outpatients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy, remimazolam achieved recovery times comparable to propofol, with fewer associated complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4307-4318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dauricine: Review of Pharmacological Activity.","authors":"Ke-Qian Chen, Shu-Zhi Wang, Hai-Bo Lei, Xiang Liu","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S471352","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S471352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dauricine is an important natural organic compound in <i>Menispermum dauricum</i>, which often has significant biological activity.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this review is to systemically summarize and discuss the pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms of dauricine in recent years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Web of Science (121 articles) and PubMed databases (97 articles) were used to search for articles related to \"dauricine\" published from 2000 to 2024. Meanwhile, we classified the pharmacological activity of dauricine by screening these articles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emerging evidence suggests that dauricine possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including neuroprotection, anti-cancer, anti-arrhythmia, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dauricine has a potential value in the treatment of many diseases. We hope that this review will contribute to therapeutic development and future studies of dauricine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4371-4385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11444063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copolymerized Polymers Based on Cyclodextrins and Cationic Groups Enhance Therapeutic Effect of Rebamipide in the N-Acetylcysteine-Treated Dry Eye Model.","authors":"Hiroko Otake, Ko Kobayashi, Reita Kadowaki, Taiyo Kosaka, Mizuki Itahashi, Masanobu Tsubaki, Masaru Matsuda, Norio Iwakiri, Eiji Harata, Noriaki Nagai","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S469445","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S469445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to prepare a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer using radical polymerization with co-monomers, 6-deoxy-6-(2-methacryloyloxyethylsuccinamide)-β-cyclodextrin (CD-MSAm) and N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-metacryloyloxopropyl)-ammonium chloride (QA) to design cyclodextrins suitable for use in ophthalmology. In addition, we evaluated their solubility and inclusion properties with rebamipide (REB), a poorly soluble drug, and investigated the usefulness of the β-CD polymer and REB (REB@CDQA) combination in treating dry eye.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The β-CD polymer (CD-MSAm-co-QA, CDQA) based on CD-MSAm/QA was prepared via radical polymerization, and the usefulness of REB@CDQA in treating dry eye was evaluated using a rabbit treated with N-acetylcysteine (dry eye model).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The solubility of the CDQA powder was higher than that of the β-CD powder, and 80 nm colloids were observed in the CDQA solution. No corneal toxicity was observed in human corneal epithelial cells or rat corneas treated with 0.2% CDQA solution. The levels of REB dissolved in the CDQA solution were higher than those of the β-CD solution. Moreover, the application of the CDQA solution enhanced REB retention in the cornea and attenuated the transcorneal penetration of REB. In addition, instillation of REB@CDQA enhanced the volume of the lacrimal fluid and normalized the reduced mucin levels in the dry eye model. The extent of tear film breakup was attenuated by REB@CDQA instillation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CDQA solution enhanced the solubility of REB, and the combination of CDQA and REB enhanced the drug content in the corneal tissue. Moreover, the therapeutic effect on dry eye was higher than that of REB suspensions without CDQA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4345-4358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follitropin Alpha versus Follitropin Beta in IVF/ICSI Cycle: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Jing-Xian Cao, Jing-Yan Song","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S479700","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S479700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Follitropin alpha (Gonal-F) and Follitropin beta (Puregon) on cumulative live birth rate (CLBR), defined as the percentage of the number of patients who delivered for the first time in a single ovarian stimulation cycle and the number of patients in all oocyte retrieval cycles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study including 2864 infertile patients who underwent ovarian stimulation with Puregon (group A, n=1313) and Gonal-F (group B, n=1551) was conducted between July 2015 and June 2021 at a university-affiliated reproductive medicine center. Reduce potential confounding factors between groups, propensity scores and multivariable logistic regression analyses were estimated to obtain unbiased estimates of outcomes. The primary outcome was the difference in CLBR between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each group identified 1160 individuals after propensity score matching (PSM). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups after PSM. The total gonadotrophin (Gn) dose (2400 vs 2325), p=0.038) and cost of Gn usage (5327.9¥ vs 7547.2¥, p<0.001) between the Puregon and Gonal-F groups were statistically significant. Nevertheless, the pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were comparable after fresh embryo transfer and subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Additionally, there was also no difference observed in the primary outcome of CLBR (52.8% vs 55.7%, p=0.169). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the type of Gn was not associated with CLBR (p = 0.912).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gonal-F may be a reasonable option for infertile patients who are hesitant to receive more Gn dosage injections. Furthermore, Puregon can eliminate unneeded anxiety and expenses while also administering more flexibility. Taken together, these findings could well be utilized in everyday clinical practice to better inform patients when deciding on an ovarian stimulation strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"4359-4369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}