Drug Design, Development and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Jiawei Erzhiwan Ameliorates Androgenetic Alopecia by Regulating the SIRT1/JNK/p38 MAPK Pathway.","authors":"Zhiguang Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yixin Xie, Hangjie Fu, Zhiwei Weng, Jianchang Yuan, Lan Wu, Weizhou Lin, Yi Cao, Bin Ding","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S501823","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S501823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a type of hair loss. Our previous study showed AGA ameliorating capability of water extract of an herbal prescription, \"Jiawei Erzhiwan\" (WJWE), which was derived from the traditional formula \"Erzhiwan\". However, the underlying mechanisms is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this study, the phytochemical ingredients in WJWE were characterized via UPLC‒MS/MS analysis. The dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced murine model and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) assays were used to evaluate and elucidate the beneficial effects and mechanisms of WJWE on AGA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WJWE promoted hair growth and hair follicle regeneration in AGA mice, improved DPCs growth and dose-dependently protected DHT-reduced DPCs viability in vitro by stimulating the Wnt5A/β-Catenin pathway. Additionally, WJWE reduced DHT-induced oxidative stress in AGA model murine skin and DHT-treated DPCs. To elucidate the regulative mechanism, we found that WJWE treatment significantly and dose-dependently increased the expression of SIRT1 and reduced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in both DHT-treated DPCs and AGA model mice. And the application of EX527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor) could the effect of WJWE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provided some evidence of WJWE on AGA treatment, by which SIRT1/JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway might be the major target.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2393-2409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-Sensitive Porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks for Controlled Delivery of Para-Toluenesulfonamide and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Wei Zhou, Fan Feng, Jieli Zhang, Shuang Cao, Yunzhi Zhou, Yanming Li","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S504891","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S504891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for tumor treatment. PDT for treating lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) under the guidance of bronchoscopy has great potential for development. However, the use of high-intensity lasers in treatment may pose a risk of tissue damage. To address this issue, enhancing the sensitivity of tumor tissue to phototherapy is highly valuable.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a simple method was employed to prepare porphyrin-metal framework nanoparticles (NPs), referred to as HA-PTS@PCN. The design of these NPs is based on the concept of tumor sensitization, constructed with the porphyrin-based metal-organic framework compound PCN-224 to load the drug para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple experiments have demonstrated that these NPs can be effectively absorbed and selectively release PTS within the acidic tumor microenvironment. Under 660 nm laser irradiation, the material releases reactive oxygen species, demonstrating effective photodynamic therapeutic effects. Additionally, due to the tumor-sensitizing properties of PTS, the treatment efficacy of these NPs on LSCC is significantly greater than that of PCN-224 alone. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that combining tumor sensitization strategies with PDT therapy for LSCC significantly enhances anticancer effects.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides a universal strategy for preparing drug-loaded PDT nanoplatforms and offers a new approach for developing nanomedicine with tumor-sensitizing effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2351-2368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin Analog J7 Attenuates Liver Fibrosis and Metabolic Dysregulation in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes via Modulation of TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB/BCL-2/BAX Pathways.","authors":"Jun Ma, Wei Chen, Deep K Vaishnani, Congying Wang, Shuman Xue, Qiuqin Yang, Yuheng Tong, Ningjia Lei, Zhichao Zhao, Furong Ying","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S511372","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S511372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the therapeutic potential of the curcumin analog J7 in protecting the liver and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bioinformatics methods were used to identify signaling pathways linked to diabetic liver disease. Diabetic rats were treated with curcumin, low-dose J7, or high-dose J7, and liver function and fibrosis were assessed through biochemical analyses, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>J7 administration significantly improved lisver function, reduced fibrosis, and regulated metabolic profiles in diabetic rats. J7 downregulated TGF-β1, NF-κB p65, and BAX, while upregulating BCL-2, showing superior effects to traditional curcumin in reducing TGF-β1 and inhibiting α-SMA expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>J7 demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for managing liver complications in type 2 diabetes, effectively attenuating liver fibrosis and regulating metabolism through the modulation of key signaling pathways and proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2411-2432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives as Protectors for Vascular Endothelium Against Lipid Overload.","authors":"Xi-Xi Hou, Shuang Wang, Xiao-Xia Ma, Ying Wen, Zhi-Jun Li, Xu-Yun Liu, Xing Zhang, Yang Zhang, Xiang-Yang Qin","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S500670","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S500670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is reported to protect endothelial cells against metabolic overload through inhibiting inflammation. However, the hydrophilic nature of HT limits its oral bioavailability and biological efficiency. The aim of the study was to design and synthesize novel hybrid molecules to improve HT's biological efficiency.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A pharmacophore connection strategy was used to design and synthesize novel hybrid molecules by combining HT or its analogues with adamantane (ADM). Palmitic acid (PA) was used to induce lipid overload in HAEC cells, and P407 was used to induce acute hyperlipidemia in C57 mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that DP-ADM, combining ADM and dopamine (a HT analogues), exhibited potent protective effects against metabolic overload-induced endothelial dysfunction. DP-ADM showed low toxicity and inhibited inflammation in response to PA overload in cultured endothelial cells. Additionally, it (30 mg/kg) decreased circulating lipids to an extent similar to HT in a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and was superior to HT in decreasing circulating inflammatory cytokine. It was also superior to HT in improving vascular endothelial function in mice with hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, DP-ADM inactivated MAPK signaling, as evidenced by downregulated phosphorylation of p38 and Erk. Inhibition of MAPK or NF-κB abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of DP-ADM. Specifically, DP-ADM activated FoxO1 signaling and increased mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, DP-ADM is a superior form of HT, highlighting its potential therapeutic use in improving endothelial function in metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2433-2452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treating Multi-Organ Damage in Wilson's Disease.","authors":"Hong Chen, Xie Wang, Le Tang, Yue Pu, Ying Ma, Hao Ye, Juan Zhang","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S515123","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S515123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by abnormal copper metabolism. Disruptions in copper metabolism lead to excessive copper deposition in the liver, nervous system, kidneys, heart, and other organs, thereby inducing a range of pathological manifestations and clinical symptoms. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy and excellent safety profiles. When integrated with effective Western anti-copper therapies, it can yield superior therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, TCM has exhibited unique advantages in managing WD, particularly when combined with multiple systemic damages. This paper discusses the pathological mechanisms and TCM etiology and pathogenesis of WD combined with multiple organ damage. It also summarizes the clinical efficacy and mechanism of TCM in treating WD combined with multiple organ damage, aiming to provide a reference for further studies on the role and potential mechanisms of TCM interventions in WD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2453-2471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Progesterone Microneedle Patch for Self-Administration in the Prevention of Preterm Birth in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Hang Yu, Wenting Zhu, Zhongwen Yuan, Senling Feng, Hanhui Huang, Pengke Yan","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S502701","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S502701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Progesterone, recommended for preventing preterm birth (PTB) in high-risk women, is traditionally administered via oral capsules, vaginal gels, and oil injections, which pose issues like low bioavailability, systemic side effects, and irritation, leading to reduced compliance. To address these issues, a user-friendly administration approach to deliver progesterone was needed to development for the prevention of PTB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a progesterone microemulsion using ultra high-speed homogenization, optimizing formulation parameters and confirming stability. Subsequently, progesterone microemulsion-loaded microneedle (MN) patches were created, and its morphology, strength, and biocompatibility were assessed. The pharmacokinetics of these MN patches were then evaluated using LC/MS/MS. A mouse model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the MN patch, with cell cytotoxicity, blood routine, and biochemistry tests assessing its biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Benzyl benzoate and triglycerides were utilized as oil solvents, and Tween 80 served as the emulsifier in the preparation of a progesterone microemulsion. This formulation exhibited a particle size of 180.8 ± 20.5 nm, a zeta potential of -17.5 ± 3.4 mV, and a concentration of 20.59 ± 1.28 mg/mL. The particle size, zeta potential, and concentration of the sterilized microemulsion remained stable under 4°C. The prepared MN patch uses Povidone K30 and sucrose as excipients, which can maintain good hardness, intact needle shape, and constant drug concentration in the short term. The MN patch delivers progesterone with AUC and Cmax similar to oral progesterone microemulsion. In the preterm birth animal model, the median delivery days of mice in the progesterone microemulsion oral group and MN patch group were 19 and 20, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. After using MN patches, the pores formed can quickly heal within 24 hours. After multiple uses of MN patches, significant abnormalities were not found in the blood routine, biochemical tests, and major organs of mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microneedle patches loaded with progesterone microemulsion were successfully developed, efficiently delivering progesterone and reversing RU486-induced preterm birth in mice. The MN patch was user-friendly, minimally harmful to skin tissue, safe, and non-toxic, representing a promising new approach for the clinical treatment of premature labor.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2473-2490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mechanism of Sijunzi Decoction Suppresses Gastric Cancer Metastasis via the m6A Methyltransferase METTL14 Based on Untargeted Metabolomics Studies and Network Pharmacology Analysis.","authors":"Xiangnan Li, Linlin Zhao, Jiluan Wang, Tianchi Ma, Jing Zhou, Yue Bian, Junfu Guo","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S506702","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S506702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sijunzi Decoction (SJZ), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, is renowned for its capacity to fortify Qi and enhance spleen function. However, additional research is necessary to comprehend the mechanisms beneath the therapeutic potential of SJZ in gastric cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research endeavored to analyze how SJZ treats gastric cancer using network pharmacology and experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and network pharmacology were applied to systemically clarify the mechanism of SJZ against gastric cancer. We used a xenograft tumor model of gastric cancer and gastric cancer cell lines to explore the effect of SJZ on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Cell transfection, plate clone formation, scratch migration, and transwell assays were performed in gastric cancer cell lines. The expression levels of m6A enzymes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were assessed by Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed 511 active components and 196 targets of SJZ, with 167 targets associated with gastric cancer therapy. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis disclosed notable enrichment of pathways related to cancer, metabolism, and immunity. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network comprised 274 nodes and 2902 edges, whereas the herbal component-target protein-pathway-disease network included 107 nodes and 345 edges, identifying four components with more than 20 putative targets. Experimental assays demonstrated a significant decrease in METTL3 expression following SJZ treatment, whereas the expression level of METTL14 was markedly elevated in the SJZ group across both gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues derived from a mouse model (<i>P</i><0.01, <i>P</i><0.001, or <i>P</i><0.05). SJZ inhibited clone formation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and EGFR and Vimentin expression via METTL14 (<i>P</i><0.05, <i>P</i><0.01, or <i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>METTL14 appears integral to the inhibition of EMT by SJZ as a treatment for gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2369-2392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buyang Huanwu Decoction Alleviates Ischemic Stroke Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via the Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway.","authors":"Hao Huang, Sijie Liu, Jing Wu, Jiayi Zhu, Jiaxiang Xu, Shuhong Yu, Lingna Bei, Biao Zhang, Yi Luo","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S503424","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S503424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acute ischemic stroke poses major challenges due to high disability and mortality rates. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by iron-induced oxidative stress, plays a key role in stroke injury. Despite its long history in stroke treatment, the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in ferroptosis remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Network pharmacology predicted BHD's active components and pathways, while Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) confirmed its main ingredients. Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) was induced in C57 mice, with neurological deficits and infarct size assessed by Longa scoring and TTC staining. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes were assessed by staining and electron microscopy, and biochemical markers (MDA, GSH, SOD, Fe²⁺) measured by kits. Western blotting and qPCR analyzed ferroptosis-related proteins, Nrf2 localization, and gene expression. In vitro, HT22 cells viability and ROS levels were assessed under Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions. Protein expression, Nrf2 interactions, and nuclear translocation were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacology showed BHD targets key pathways in cerebral infarction, including ferroptosis and antioxidant pathways. BHD improved neurological function and reduced the infarct size in MCAO mice by 10% - 50%, and also significantly decreased the levels of oxidative stress markers (MDA, Fe²⁺) while increasing the activities of antioxidants (GSH, SOD). Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses demonstrated reduced neuronal damage and improved mitochondrial structure. Western blot and qPCR indicated upregulation of GPX4 and Nrf2, downregulation of Keap1, and Nrf2 nuclear translocation. In vitro, BHD enhanced HT22 cell viability and reduced ROS under stress. Protein analysis confirmed increased Nrf2, GPX4, and HO-1, with decreased Keap1 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Nrf2 inhibitor experiments confirmed BHD's effects are Nrf2-mediated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In pre-clinical studies, BHD exerts neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by inhibiting ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2285-2305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Research Status of Maca (<i>Lepidium Meyenii</i> Walp.): A Bibliometric Analysis of Hotspots, Bursts, and Trends.","authors":"Kangjie Li, Chongbo Zhao, Ming Dang, Runxin Ren, Maomao Fu, Yaya Bai, Jing Wang, Qiao Zhang, Fei Luan","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S499849","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S499849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This bibliometric study aims to comprehensively analyze the research landscape of Maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i> Walp.) from 2003 to 2024, identifying key research areas, trends, and patterns, as well as the roles of major countries and institutions in advancing the field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative analysis of literature pertaining to Maca was performed utilizing the bibliometric tools VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R Bibliometrix. This analysis encompassed an examination of publication frequency, author collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of published studies on Maca has increased every year since it was studied, with China, Peru, and the United States being the leading countries studied. Research focuses on pharmacology (hormone regulation, antioxidant effects), nutrition (nutrient composition), phytochemistry (bioactive compounds) and agriculture (cultivation techniques). An important feature of Maca research is international collaboration, including researchers from Asia, Europe, South America, and other regions. Keywords such as \"maca\", \"nutritional composition\" and \"pharmacological action\" are particularly prominent. The study of maca polysaccharides has become a focus area, showing potential in various aspects of health such as immunity and anti-tumor effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maca research is growing, with international collaboration crucial. Future research should explore Maca's biological mechanisms deeper, especially those of Maca polysaccharide, and enhance cross-country research comparisons. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of Maca research trends, guiding further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2329-2349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutics for Sarcopenia and Functional Disabilities in Older Adults: A Review of Phase 4 Clinical Trials.","authors":"Nasser M Alorfi, Fahad S Alshehri, Ahmed M Ashour","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S507033","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S507033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia significantly contributes to physical disability and reduced quality of life in older adults, leading to disability. Therapeutics used to manage sarcopenia can improve not only muscle health but also the overall functional capacity of individuals at risk of developing disabilities. This review focuses on the therapeutic interventions evaluated in phase 4 clinical trials to address sarcopenia and its associated disabilities in older adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review and summarize the therapeutic agents tested in phase 4 clinical trials for the management of sarcopenia and their potential impact on reducing functional disabilities in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of phase 4 clinical trials was conducted on 6^th November 2024, focusing on interventions for sarcopenia in older adults. Data on therapeutic agents, trial outcomes, and their effects on muscle mass, strength, and disability prevention were collected from clinicaltrials.gov database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several therapeutic agents, including whey protein powder, eldecalcitol, testosterone enanthate, and Denosumab, have been tested in Phase 4 trials for their ability to enhance muscle mass and function in older adults with sarcopenia. Allopurinol and Pioglitazone were also studied for their potential to improve muscle metabolism, while Medrol (Methylprednisolone) and Levothyroxine offered supportive effects in inflammatory and metabolic disorders that exacerbate muscle loss. Moreover, combination therapies, such as nutritional supplementation with HMB and vitamin D, showed promise in improving muscle function. These interventions demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in improving muscle strength, reducing physical disability, and enhancing overall functional capacity in older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapeutic strategies targeting sarcopenia in older adults have the potential to reduce functional disabilities and improve quality of life. Phase 4 clinical trials provide valuable insights into the long-term safety and effectiveness of these treatments. Continued research and refinement of these therapies are essential to fully address the disabling effects of sarcopenia and promote healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":"19 ","pages":"2307-2314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}