Drug Invention Today最新文献_第2页

Synthesis of novel N-(3-chloro-4-flurophenyl)-2-(5-((3-(4-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetamides having anti-inflammatory activity 合成具有抗炎活性的新型N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-2-(5-(3-(4-羟基- 2,2 -二甲基- 2,3 -二氢苯并呋喃-5-基)-1-苯基- 1h -吡唑-4-基)亚甲基)-4-氧-2-硫氧噻唑烷-3-基)乙酰胺

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.07.004

K. Shyam Sunder , Jayapal Maleraju

引用次数: 8

Comparative antioxidant efficacy of Citrus limonum pulp and peel – An in vitro study 柑桔柠檬果肉和果皮抗氧化效果的体外比较研究

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.07.003

Blessy Baby Mathew , Danie Shajie , Neha Wadhwa , N.B. Krishna Murthy , T.P. Krishna Murthy , M. Rashmi

引用次数: 12

Hepatoprotective effect of leaves of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats 巴戟叶的保肝作用。抗扑热息痛引起的大鼠肝损伤

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.008

Mohanraj Subramanian , Sangameswaran Balakrishnan , Santhosh Kumar Chinnaiyan , Vinoth Kumar Sekar , Atul N. Chandu

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effect of leaves of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats","authors":"Mohanraj Subramanian , Sangameswaran Balakrishnan , Santhosh Kumar Chinnaiyan , Vinoth Kumar Sekar , Atul N. Chandu","doi":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves of <em>Morinda tinctoria</em> Roxb. against paracetamol induced liver damage into rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The hepatoprotective activity aimed for plant extracts was investigated for paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity into rats. Sprague–Dawley rats of either sex were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each and are given orally the following treatment for 10 days. The normal control was given 1% CMC 1 ml/kg b.w., p.o. Paracetamol at dose of 3 g/kg b.w., p.o. was given as toxic dose for inducing hepatotoxicity. Liv.52 (50 mg/animal, p.o) was given as reference standard. Two different doses of <em>M. tinctoria</em> extracts of both aqueous and methanol (100 mg/kg, p.o, 150 mg/kg, p.o) was tested for hepatoprotective activity. The treatment was given for 10 days and after 48 h of last treatment blood was collected from direct cardiac puncture and analysed for various serum parameter like serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Total Bilirubin (TB), Direct Bilirubin and Total cholesterol (TC) in different groups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The phytochemical investigation of the both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, saponin and tannin and phenols. The paracetamol intoxication lead to histological and biochemical deterioration. The treatment with both aqueous and methanolic leaves extracts of <em>M. tinctoria</em> reduced the level of SGOT, SGPT, TB, DB and TC and also reversed the hepatic damage towards normal which further supports the hepatoprotective activity of leaf extracts of <em>M. tinctoria</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves of M.tinctoria have significant effect at higher dose of 150mg/kg.b.w.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11284,"journal":{"name":"Drug Invention Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85984676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of some substituted 1,2,3,4 tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives 一些取代的1,2,3,4四氢嘧啶衍生物的合成、表征及体外抗炎活性

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.004

Anita S. Gondkar, Vinayak K. Deshmukh, Sanjay R. Chaudhari

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of some substituted 1,2,3,4 tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives","authors":"Anita S. Gondkar, Vinayak K. Deshmukh, Sanjay R. Chaudhari","doi":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & aim</h3><p>Pyrimidines represent a broad class of compounds, which have received considerable attention due to their wide range of biological activities such as, anti-inflammatory, COX inhibitor, anticancer, antiallergic and analgesic. On the basis of exhaustive literature review and PASS predictions, it has been found that substituted 1,2,3,4 tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives have good potential to exhibit <em>in vitro</em> anti-inflammatory activity.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The toxicity and pharmacological activities of synthesized compounds were studied with the help of softwares. The non-toxic compounds, which are having Pa (Probable activity), value more than 0.3 & less than 0.5 were synthesized. A novel procedure for synthesis of substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine was reported by the reaction of urea (0.01 mmol) and bis(methylthio)methylenemalononitrile (0.01 mmol). Substituted 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidine possess a replaceable active methylthio group at the 6th position, which was substituted with selected nucleophiles to get final compounds.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. All compounds were screened for <em>in-vitro</em> anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation method using diclofenac as a standard drug. The results revealed that almost all the tested compounds showed potent in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The obtained results for anti-inflammatory prove the necessity for further investigation to clarify the features underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of tested compounds. Substituted 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives have potential to design lead for anti-inflammatory activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11284,"journal":{"name":"Drug Invention Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76566117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Comparative evaluation of commercially available homology modelling tools: A structural bioinformatics perspective 商业上可用的同源建模工具的比较评价:结构生物信息学的观点

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.003

Sween Dahiya , Anjum Gahlaut , Mahesh Kulharia

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of commercially available homology modelling tools: A structural bioinformatics perspective","authors":"Sween Dahiya , Anjum Gahlaut , Mahesh Kulharia","doi":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Structure based drug design has revolutionised the way new drug molecules are being looked for. A very important technique in this process is homology modelling of protein structures. Although a number of protocols are proposed by a number of research groups, yet a comparative assessment is desired to identify the relative merits and demerits of these programs. Comparative assessment of various homology modelling tools was evaluated using prediction of structure of B-domain of factor V.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The methods employed, here, for comparative assessment were ESyPred3D, SWISS MODEL, PHYRE2 and YASARA. The criteria for selection of these tools were their popularity among users and level of automation. All these are completely automated and require only protein sequence or alignments as input. These tools were fast and the results were obtained within few hours.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>To evaluate the various models of the protein structures, we carried out exhaustive evaluation through “WHATif” and “QMEAN”. The parameters included the bond angle, bond length, coarse packing quality control, collision symmetry, omega angle, hand check dihedrals etc.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>According to our study YASARA emerged as best performer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11284,"journal":{"name":"Drug Invention Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82785899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Design, characterization and evaluation of Eudragit microspheres containing glipizide 含格列吡嗪的乌龙茶微球的设计、表征和评价

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.009

Atrey S. Joshi , Chandrashekar C. Patil, Shivanand S. Shiralashetti, Navanath V. Kalyane

{"title":"Design, characterization and evaluation of Eudragit microspheres containing glipizide","authors":"Atrey S. Joshi , Chandrashekar C. Patil, Shivanand S. Shiralashetti, Navanath V. Kalyane","doi":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate Eudragit microspheres for controlled release of glipizide.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The microspheres were produced by emulsion solvent evaporation method, using the Eudragit RS100, Eudragit RL100 and also by their combination. Further, the prepared microspheres were characterized for the micromeritic properties, drug loading as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro release study was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).</p></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><p>The microspheres were free flowing in nature. The mean particle size ranged from 112 to 132 μm and the entrapment efficiencies ranged from 43.27 to 61.89%. The entrapment efficiency was found to be dependent on nature of polymer used for formulation. The FTIR confirmed stable character of glipizide in the drug-loaded microspheres. The DSC revealed the uniform dispersion of drug and polymer. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the surface morphology. The mechanism of drug release from the microsphere was found to be non-fickian type.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Eudragit microsphere containing glipizide was prepared successfully by using an emulsion solvent evaporation technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11284,"journal":{"name":"Drug Invention Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91281422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Imipenem resistance and biofilm production in Acinetobacter 不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药性和生物膜的产生

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.005

Anu Madanan Sunu Kumari, Abhisek Routray, Deepti Yadav, Radha Madhavan

{"title":"Imipenem resistance and biofilm production in Acinetobacter","authors":"Anu Madanan Sunu Kumari, Abhisek Routray, Deepti Yadav, Radha Madhavan","doi":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Acinetobacter spp</em>. has emerged as a significant hospital pathogen because it is quickly becoming resistant to commonly used routine drugs and is able to survive on various biotic and abiotic surfaces. The main objective of this study is to isolate various clinical strains of <em>Acinetobacter</em> and to analyze its imipenem resistance pattern and biofilm formation.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p><em>Acinetobacter</em> strains were isolated from various clinical isolates. Resistance to imipenem was determined by both disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Biofilm production as a marker of virulence factor was also determined by microtiter plate method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>65 strains of <em>Acinetobacter</em> isolated from various clinical samples. Resistance to imipenem was determined by performing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) which showed 46% resistance, compared with disk diffusion i.e. (32.3%). Among 65 strains, 7 were strong biofilm producers, 18 were moderate biofilm producers, 20 were weak biofilm producers and 20 were non biofilm producers. The association of biofilm production and imipenem resistance was found to be statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Strains of <em>Acinetobacter</em> showing multi drug resistance and biofilm production remain as a great threat in hospital environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11284,"journal":{"name":"Drug Invention Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90386677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Virtual screening on potential neuraminidase inhibitors of influenza A virus H1N1 甲型H1N1流感病毒潜在神经氨酸酶抑制剂的虚拟筛选

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.005

Salam Pradeep Singh , Dhrubajyoti Gogoi , Rajib Lochan Bezbaruah , Manab Jyoti Bordoloi , Nabin Chandra Barua

{"title":"Virtual screening on potential neuraminidase inhibitors of influenza A virus H1N1","authors":"Salam Pradeep Singh , Dhrubajyoti Gogoi , Rajib Lochan Bezbaruah , Manab Jyoti Bordoloi , Nabin Chandra Barua","doi":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Influenza A virus H1N1 causes human influenza (flu) in 2009. Some strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and cause a small fraction of all influenza-like illness and a small fraction of all seasonal influenza. Zanamivir which blocks the function of the viral neuraminidase protein of influenza A virus H1N1, thus preventing the virus from reproducing by budding from the host cell has been reported for having resistance against the virus. The neuraminidase enzyme is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme which is found on the surface. It enables the virus to be released from the host cell and cleave sialic acid groups from glycoproteins and is required for influenza virus replication. The World Health Organization declared the H1N1 influenza pandemic on August 10, 2010.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The present work focuses on the in silico virtual screening and molecular docking analysis for potential neuraminidase inhibitors using zanamivir like molecules retrieved from the ZINC database. The zanamivir like molecules were further inspected for PASS prediction and ADME-Toxicity analysis using in silico approaches.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Molecular docking results suggest ZINC01696606, ZINC05069324 and ZINC02468939 have better binding affinity than zanamivir and better pharmacological parameters than zanamivir.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Zanamivir like molecules viz. ZINC01696606, ZINC05069324 and ZINC02468939 support experimental testingas zanamivir is reported for having resistance against neuraminidase enzyme and bioavailability problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11284,"journal":{"name":"Drug Invention Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74326109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Glyceryl monostearate based nanoparticles of mefenamic acid: Fabrication and in vitro characterization 单硬脂酸甘油基甲氧胺酸纳米颗粒:制备和体外表征

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.011

Rabee Kumar , Mohd Yasir , Shubhini A. Saraf , Praveen K. Gaur , Yatendra Kumar , Alok Pratap Singh

{"title":"Glyceryl monostearate based nanoparticles of mefenamic acid: Fabrication and in vitro characterization","authors":"Rabee Kumar , Mohd Yasir , Shubhini A. Saraf , Praveen K. Gaur , Yatendra Kumar , Alok Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of present research work was to fabricate and evaluate the Mefenamic acid (MF) loaded Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using Glyceryl monostearate as lipid and tween 80 as surfactant.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>MF loaded SLNs were prepared by Solvent Emulsification diffusion technique. Various batches were prepared by hit and trial method varying drug to lipid ratio and surfactant concentration and evaluated for particle size & distribution, particle morphology, zeta potential, percent drug loading and percent drug entrapment efficiency.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Among various lipids like Glyceryl monostearate, Stearic acid and Palmitic acid, GMS was selected for the fabrication of SLNs it was due to the highest solubility of MF in GMS as compared to other above mentioned lipids. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, percent drug loading and percent drug entrapment efficiency were found to be 109.7 nm, 0.34, −20.3 mV, 43.00 and 75.45 respectively. Morphologically the SLNs were found to be spherical with rough surfaces. The optimized formulation exhibited 93.28% cumulative drug release after 24 h, while the release mechanism was found to be Fickian diffusion type.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It is concluded that Solvent Emulsification diffusion technique is suitable for fabrication of MF loaded SLNs. All evaluating parameters of optimized SLNs were found to be in acceptable range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11284,"journal":{"name":"Drug Invention Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dit.2013.06.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86203743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Formulation of saquinavir mesylate loaded microparticle by counterion induced aggregation method: Approach by hyperosmotic technique 反离子诱导聚集法制备甲磺酸沙奎那韦微颗粒:高渗透技术探讨

Drug Invention Today Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.07.002

Harekrishna Roy , Chandan Kumar Brahma , Ravi Kumar , Sisir Nandi

{"title":"Formulation of saquinavir mesylate loaded microparticle by counterion induced aggregation method: Approach by hyperosmotic technique","authors":"Harekrishna Roy , Chandan Kumar Brahma , Ravi Kumar , Sisir Nandi","doi":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dit.2013.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of present work is to formulate saquinavir mesylate loaded microparticle by counterion induced aggregation method, employing simultaneous cold temperature and hyperosmotic solution treatment as new and novel technique.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Chitosan was chosen as polycation and smaller molecular electrolytes such as sodium citrate, sodium sulphate and sodium orthophosphate were chosen as polyanions. The resulted aggregated microparticles were subjected to surface morphology, size distribution, in-vitro release and drug excipient interaction study.</p></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><p>Sodium citrate (SC) and sodium sulphate (SS) were able to form aggregates except sodium orthophosphate (SP), as chitosan forms complexes and depends on pH and pKa of medium. Prepared aggregates were subjected to cold hyperosmotic dextrose solution to provide more mechanical strength. The percentage of entrapped drug was more in SC based microparticle as compared to SS. The SS and SC microparticles had average particle size of 1400 μm and 1200 μm respectively. Also, the SEM study revealed more rough and ridges on surface of SC particle as compared to SS. The higher correlation coefficient (<em>r</em><sup>2</sup>) was found with Higuchi's equation for all formulations and formulation SS2 had greater <em>r</em><sup>2</sup> value of 0.986 compared to all and obeyed fickian diffusion. There was no such major interaction were found during FTIR and DSC study. In addition, stability study was performed and data showed no significant change in assay value for SS2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The microparticles prepared by above mentioned method had sufficient mechanical strength and were able to released drug for a period of 30 h. Furthermore in-vivo study and pharmacokinetic study have to carry out.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11284,"journal":{"name":"Drug Invention Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.dit.2013.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91329401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8