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The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody最新文献

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Iberia 伊比利亚
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1163/2214-8647_dnp_e521650
Sónia Frota, P. Prieto, Gorka Elordieta
{"title":"Iberia","authors":"Sónia Frota, P. Prieto, Gorka Elordieta","doi":"10.1163/2214-8647_dnp_e521650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2214-8647_dnp_e521650","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the main features of the prosodic systems of Basque, Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish within the autosegmental-metrical (AM) model. In its word prosody, Basque comprises pitch-accent and stress systems, while the other languages differ in the distribution of final and antepenultimate lexical stress. A discussion of prosodic phrasing and phrasal prominence patterns reveals that accentual phrases play a crucial role in Basque, but not in Catalan, Spanish, or Portuguese, which differ in their higher prosodic structure. Melodic patterns vary in the complexity and distribution of pitch events as well as in their ability to express sentence modality and focus in collaboration with lexical and syntactic markers. The division of labour between prosodic and morphosyntactic encodings varies greatly, with Basque displaying a heavier syntactic load and the other languages having a more varied melodic functionality. Some unresolved research issues are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"36 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121016891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visual Prosody Across Cultures 跨文化的视觉韵律
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.45
M. Swerts, E. Krahmer
{"title":"Visual Prosody Across Cultures","authors":"M. Swerts, E. Krahmer","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.45","url":null,"abstract":"Communication partners not only exchange information through the auditory channel but also use a wide range of visual cues, such as facial expressions, eye gaze, hand gestures, and other types of body language. The latter set of features can be subsumed under the term ‘visual prosody’. Visual cues have been shown to be communicatively relevant, as they not only help to improve speech intelligibility, especially in noisy conditions, but can also signal information that is not expressed through the words or the syntactic structure of an utterance. This chapter examines how visual prosody can be put to use to highlight specific communicative functions, and how such cues relate to auditory forms of prosody. It also presents results of comparative analyses of visual prosody to shed light on resemblances and differences in how it is being exploited in different cultures.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128218232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Word Prosody in Second Language Acquisition 二语习得中的词韵律
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.39
A. Jongman, A. Tremblay
{"title":"Word Prosody in Second Language Acquisition","authors":"A. Jongman, A. Tremblay","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.39","url":null,"abstract":"The production and perception of a second language (L2) will be affected by any differences between native language (L1) and L2 lexical stress and lexical tone. This chapter first discusses L1 effects on the perception of L2 words that differ in stress, comparing the explanatory power of phonological (stress-parameter-based) and phonetic (cue-based) approaches for L2 learners’ performance in word recognition. Equally, it discusses L1 effects on the production of stress in L2 words, from both a phonological and a phonetic perspective. The discussion then moves on to the L2 acquisition of lexical tone, focusing on differences in the way native speakers and L2 learners make use of lower-level acoustic-phonetic and higher-level linguistic information, their weighting of tonal cues (pitch height and pitch direction), and the role of contextual phonetic and prosodic information. Special attention is paid to major typological differences between L1 and L2 (non-tonal vs. tonal; level tones vs. contour tones). Finally, the efficacy of short-term auditory training in the acquisition of new tonal categories is evaluated. Throughout, the chapter addresses the influence of factors such as age of acquisition and proficiency.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126791667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phonetic Correlates of Word and Sentence Stress 单词和句子重音的语音关联
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.8
V. V. Heuven, A. Turk
{"title":"Phonetic Correlates of Word and Sentence Stress","authors":"V. V. Heuven, A. Turk","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the acoustic correlates and perceptual cues of linguistic stress at the word and sentence level, mainly in English and other Germanic languages. A first theme is whether word and sentence stress can be ordered monotonically along the same phonetic scale, rather than involving different acoustic parameters and perceptual dimensions. Other topics are the phonetic reflexes of the Alternation Principle (‘NoClash’) and of changes in information structure as well as the effect of sentence stress on the temporal organization of words and phrases. The work on non-Germanic languages raises the issue of the weighting of stress correlates and its possible interaction with language-specific structure. Two hypotheses are evaluated: (i) languages will mark the difference between stressed and unstressed syllables more forcefully as word stress location is less predictable and (ii) a stress correlate will be less important if it is involved elsewhere in the phonology of the language.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125718952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Prosodic Bootstrapping 韵律引导
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.36
Judit Gervain, Anne Christophe, Reiko Mazuka
{"title":"Prosodic Bootstrapping","authors":"Judit Gervain, Anne Christophe, Reiko Mazuka","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers theoretical frameworks and experimental findings showing that young infants are already sensitive to language prosody prenatally and can use it to learn about the lexical and morphosyntactic features of their native language(s). Specifically, the chapter first summarizes how prosody relates to the lexicon and the grammar in different languages. It then reviews empirical evidence about prosodic perception in infants. Subsequently, it shows how this early sensitivity to prosody facilitates language learning. Three areas are discussed. First, evidence is presented showing that infants can use their knowledge of lexical stress to constrain word learning. Second, the chapter argues that infants use prosody to learn about basic word order. Third, the chapter shows that infants can use prosody to constrain syntactic analysis and thus word learning. The chapter concludes by discussing the theoretical implications of the reviewed findings, and by highlighting open questions.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125731492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Cortical and Subcortical Processing of Linguistic Pitch Patterns 语言音高模式的皮层和皮层下加工
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.32
Joseph C. Y. Lau, Zilong Xie, B. Chandrasekaran, P. Wong
{"title":"Cortical and Subcortical Processing of Linguistic Pitch Patterns","authors":"Joseph C. Y. Lau, Zilong Xie, B. Chandrasekaran, P. Wong","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"Pitch is one of the major prosodic cues in speech. A central research question is the way the brain derives the percept of pitch from incoming acoustic information. After introducing the functional architecture of the human auditory system, this chapter reviews lesion and neuroimaging studies and human electrophysiological studies of the processing of linguistically relevant pitch patterns at the cortical and subcortical levels, respectively. Recent evidence demonstrates the malleability of pitch processing in response to long-term and short-term auditory experiences as well as to the immediate history of the sensory inputs. In addition, the role of pitch in syntax-level processing will be evaluated. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how these findings, along with recent technical advances, will allow future studies to explore the neurocognitive bases of phonological theories of pitch representation and, conversely, of how prosodic theories may inform the intricate nature of neural pitch processing.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121047151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
South West and Central Asia 西南和中亚
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.13
Anastasia Karlsson, Güliz Güneş, H. Rahmani, Sun-Ah Jun
{"title":"South West and Central Asia","authors":"Anastasia Karlsson, Güliz Güneş, H. Rahmani, Sun-Ah Jun","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers prosodic features of languages across Southwestern, Central, and Northern Asia. One representative language from each of the four main language families is passed in review, Turkish (Turkic), Mongolian (Mongolic), Persian (Indo-European), and Georgian (Kartvelian). Owing to a lack of descriptive coverage of the prosody of languages in Central Asia, no comprehensive surveys are provided. The discussion focuses on the word and sentence prosodic structures of each of the four languages, with occasional brief excursions to related languages. The languages in this area are mainly non-tonal, while contrastive lexical stress is rare across the area, and may be controversial or marginal where it was reported earlier. Vowel harmony is pervasive in Mongolic and Turkic. In all four cases, the discussion includes the expression of focus, whether in the word order or the prosody. A final section is devoted to the intonational expression of interrogativity and related meanings.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133913554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
China and Siberia 中国和西伯利亚
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.21
Jie Zhang, San Duanmu, Yiya Chen
{"title":"China and Siberia","authors":"Jie Zhang, San Duanmu, Yiya Chen","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a summary of the prosodic systems of varieties of Chinese spoken in mainland China and Taiwan as well as languages in Siberia, in particular Ket. What the Chinese languages and Ket share is their tonal nature. This chapter highlights three unique aspects of the prosody of these languages. First, it surveys the typologically complex patterns of tonal alternation known as ‘tone sandhi’ and provides a summary of current experimental findings on the productivity of these patterns. Second, it discusses the patterns of lexical and phrasal stress and their interaction with tone, with a focus on the similar metrical principles that underlie tone languages and other languages. Third, it surveys the different types of interaction between lexical tone and the intonational use of pitch, in particular focus and interrogativity. These issues are first discussed in the context of Chinese languages, then echoed in a brief summary of Ket prosody.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133609400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Speech Rhythm and Timing 语言节奏和时间
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.10
Laurence White, Zofia Malisz
{"title":"Speech Rhythm and Timing","authors":"Laurence White, Zofia Malisz","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.10","url":null,"abstract":"Speech events do not typically exhibit the temporal regularity conspicuous in many musical rhythms. In the absence of such surface periodicity, hierarchical approaches to speech timing propose that nested prosodic domains, such as syllables and stress-delimited feet, can be modelled as coupled oscillators and that surface timing patterns reflect variation in the relative weights of oscillators. Localized approaches argue, by contrast, that speech timing is largely organized bottom-up, based on segmental identity and subsyllabic organization, with prosodic lengthening effects locally associated with domain heads and edges. This chapter weighs the claims of the two speech timing approaches against empirical data. It also reviews attempts to develop quantitative indices (‘rhythm metrics’) of cross-linguistic variations in surface timing, in particular in the degree of contrast between stronger and weaker syllables. It further reflects on the shortcomings of categorical ‘rhythm class’ typologies in the face of cross-linguistic evidence from speech production and speech perception.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121970339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Prosody and Spoken-Word Recognition 韵律和口语识别
The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.33
J. McQueen, Laura C. Dilley
{"title":"Prosody and Spoken-Word Recognition","authors":"J. McQueen, Laura C. Dilley","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198832232.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter outlines a Bayesian model of spoken-word recognition and reviews how prosody is part of that model. The review focuses on the information that assists the listener in recognizing the prosodic structure of an utterance and on how spoken-word recognition is also constrained by prior knowledge about prosodic structure. Recognition is argued to be a process of perceptual inference that ensures that listening is robust to variability in the speech signal. In essence, the listener makes inferences about the segmental content of each utterance, about its prosodic structure (simultaneously at different levels in the prosodic hierarchy), and about the words it contains, and uses these inferences to form an utterance interpretation. Four characteristics of the proposed prosody-enriched recognition model are discussed: parallel uptake of different information types, high contextual dependency, adaptive processing, and phonological abstraction. The next steps that should be taken to develop the model are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":112253,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128430812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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