Current Science最新文献

{"title":"Crash risk factor identification using association rules in Nagpur city, Maharashtra, India","authors":"Bahuguna Dalai, V. Landge","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i6/781-790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i6/781-790","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in traffic volume in urban road networks poses a significant challenge to transportation safety. It is evident that different traffic zones experience unique crash patterns and severities. The different factors that affect crash rates are caused by the various characteristics of the drivers, weather conditions, design of road-side infrastructure and driving behaviour. Although studies have shown that various factors can affect crash rates, there are insufficient studies on the exact catego-rization of these factors. Accordingly, the present study focuses on traffic crashes on streets where the risks of an accident occurrence are higher, using Nagpur city, Maharashtra, India as a case study. Three levels of risk zones were selected, i.e. zone-I (low risk), zone-II (medi-um risk) and zone-III (high risk). The risk zones are created in ArcGIS software using the kernel density esti-mator function. The association rule was then used to find out the various crash risk factors within the zone. The results of the study reveal that the risk of pedestrian fatalities is higher in areas where the speed limit is more than 40 km/h and day-to-day pedestrian activity is present. Based on the results, we propose a lower speed limit in zone-I, in addition to providing pedestrian-crossing facilities such as zebra crossings or refuge islands for cross-walks. Moreover, we propose implementing an awareness campaign for road traffic safety aimed at educating road users on how to follow road discipline, especially with regard to utilizing pedestrian facilities, aggressive young motorcyclists, lane changing and overtaking mano-euvres.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73035925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India’s management and governance in protecting the stratospheric ozone layer","authors":".. Garima","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/635-641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/635-641","url":null,"abstract":": India has vigorously participated in the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Stratospheric Ozone Layer through its noteworthy management and governance. The Montreal Protocol is the international treaty with most nations as signatories to safeguard the ozone layer. For the success of the Protocol, developing (Article-5) and developed (non-Article 5) countries, as well as countries with economies in transition, need to fully adhere to the conditions and provisions of the Montreal Protocol. Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs) have been phased out from all countries. Since 1 August 2008, India has completely phased-out CFCs' production and consumption, almost 17 months ahead of the agreed phase-out schedule. India has contributed to the \"Save Ozone\" efforts by all the world nations.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88624216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of drowning incidents at Aksa Beach, Mumbai, India","authors":"Deepali Gadkari, Subhankar Das","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/687-693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/687-693","url":null,"abstract":"The Aksa Beach is one of the most drowning incident-prone beaches in Mumbai, India. From 2006 through 2018, an average of 38 people drowned annually. A total of 445 non-fatal drowning victims have been rescued and 47 have died. No studies about these drowning incidents in Aksa Beach have been published. The incidences are classified according to various parameters such as season, tide time, lunar day, gender and age of victims, and locations on the beach to assess drowning hazards. The result is that both natural and demographic factors are responsible for drowning incidents. This study assesses the natural and social causes of drowning and suggests a prevention policy.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84162139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticles mitigate arsenic stress in plants by modulating defence mechanisms","authors":"Thorny Chanu Thounaojam, Zesmin Khan, T. Meetei, S. Panda, H. Upadhyaya","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/642-649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/642-649","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic stress greatly affects plant production, threatening food security, and also human health through food chain. Arsenic alters various physiological processes that subsequently affect plant’s normal metabolism. Plant has different mechanisms to protect from stress, where nanoparticles improve plant metabolisms and defence system, thereby alleviating arsenic stress in plant. Therefore, this review discusses the effects of arsenic in plant at different levels, and the roles of NPs in modulating plant defence system against As stress. This review will be encouraging in future research on plant protective mechanisms against stress and the significance of NPs in plant science and agriculture. nitrite reductase, and glutamate dehydrogease, thereby, reducing NO 3̄ and NO 2 ̄ contents and glutamic acid and glutamine ratio 24,25 . AsV uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, which resulted into the inhibition of ATP synthesis 26 . ATP is formed by phosphorylation of ADP in mitochondria, but due to the interference of AsV with the mitochondrial enzymes, F 1 F o ATP synthase, the enzyme reacts with AsV and formed ADP-AsV and thereby inhibiting the normal metabolism. AsV interferes the activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase enzyme (PNPase), the enzyme that catalyze phosphorolysis and also the exchange of the terminal phosphate group of ADP and Pi. In presence of AsV, PNPase catalyze the arsenolysis of RNA and ADP giving AMP-arsenate 27 . AsV also alters the activity of glycolytic ezymes by substituting the Pi group. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is the glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of D -glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-biphospho- D -glycerate (1,3BPG), but presence of AsV inhibited the formation of 1,3BPG, and formed 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate (1As3PG) 28 . The study of Tariang et al. 29 also revealed that As altered activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase enzymes, which might have caused to inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism. cell walls by decreasing degree of pectin methylesterification. The SiO 2 NPs treated cell show higher expression of OsNIP1; 1 and OsNIP3; 3 and lower expression of OsLis1 and OsLis2 genes. These findings provide the possibility of using SiO 2 NPs in As-contaminated paddy soil. It has been reported that many other abiotic stresses such as salinity stress, drought and Cd stresses were mitigated by different NPs by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities while lowering ROS 48, 49 . The recent study of Hussain et al. 50 on the use of different NPs (ZnO, FeO and Si) under Cd stress in wheat plant also revealed that NPs ameliorate Cd stress by increasing nutrient uptake and antioxidant enzyme activities, while reducing Cd intake by the plant. The prospective of NPs to mitigate abiotic stress in crop plant was reviewed by Das and Das 51 where the significant roles of NPs in mediating different stresses have been explained. Abiotic stress such as drou","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82307830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can farm mechanization enhance small farmers’ income? Lessons from Lower Shivalik Hills of the Indian Himalayan Region","authors":"Pinaki Roy, B. Hansra, R. R. Burman, S. Bhattacharyya, T. N. Roy, Rouf Ahmed","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/667-676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/667-676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73009688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of bee pollinators (Apoidea) on a medicinal plant, Lippia alba (Mill.) (Verbenaceae)","authors":"A. Rameshkumar, S. Sardar, B. Majumder, S. Dey, S. Kazmi","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/703-707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/703-707","url":null,"abstract":"Lippia alba , an introduced species of Lippia has widely been used in traditional and folk medicine. Being in-compatible with self-pollination, these plants rely on pollinators, particularly bees, for reproduction. In this study, floral association of the bee pollinators/visitors belonging to four families of Apoidea with L. alba has been examined.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74147147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic noise pollution assessment along the Ring Road of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal","authors":"Reeta Singh, D. R. Pant, Resham Baniya","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/677-686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/677-686","url":null,"abstract":"Sound or noise pollution has become a pressing issue in the major cities of the world. The rapidly growing and densely populated Kathmandu city in Nepal is no excep-tion. Traffic noise level data were recorded in the field using sound-level meters. Each observation session was for 3 h (8–11 am) and (3–6 pm) at an interval of 10 sec on working days. The vehicle flow status was studied by direct observation, while the time series of noise pollution data and vehicles registered were updated from secondary sources. Further, various noise descriptors like traffic noise level, noise pollution level, equivalent continuous sound level ( L eq), minimum sound level and maximum sound level were determined to assess noise pollution. It was found that there was no significant difference in the descriptors between the morning and evening traffic flow periods at a 5% level of significance. At all the 20 studied road junctions, L eq exceeded 70 dB(A) surpassing the recommended levels of national as well as international noise standards. If the present noise pollution level persists in Kathmandu with the growing population and number of vehicles, it will increase the chances of adverse health effects on the population.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91088044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is crop diversification vulnerable to climate, agricultural and socio-economic factors in Himachal Pradesh, India?","authors":"Pardeep Singh, P. Adhale, A. Guleria, M. Vaidya","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/707-711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/707-711","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78611833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional toxin phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in Naja oxiana venom, a promising target for 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives","authors":"R. Tariq, Ejaz ul Hassan, M. Anjum, Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Z. Ashraf, Fiaz Alam, Abdul Mannan, M. Amirzada, M. Asad","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/650-657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/650-657","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83863487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, biochemical and molecular manifestations in response to seed priming with elicitors under drought in cotton","authors":"H. Kumar, P. Verma, S. John, D. Blaise","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i5/658-666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i5/658-666","url":null,"abstract":"Water stress has a detrimental effect on growth and development, which alters physio-biochemical activities. Seed priming with elicitors such as methyl jasmonate and paclobutrazol can mitigate the impact of drought stress. Therefore, pot-culture studies were conducted with drought-tolerant (DTS-155) and drought-suscep-tible (IC-357055) cotton genotypes to assess the seed priming effects of elicitors (methyl jasmonate and paclobutrazol) on the physio-biochemical changes and gene expression. The dose (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) and time interval (1.5 and 2.5 h) experiments of both the elicitors were performed separately. On the basis of germination, seedling growth and vigour, a 150 mM elicitor for 1.5 h time interval was found to be the best. Biochemical and physiological parameters confirmed an increase in relative water content, total antioxidant activities, chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase, catalase and proline under drought stress in both the genotypes, but a decrease in lipid peroxidation. Among the elicitors, methyl jasmonate improved drought tolerance as compared to paclobutrazol. Gene expression studies with Rub-S , Rub -L and Osmotin confirmed the results. Transcript abundance of Osmotin and Rub-L was upre-gulated under drought stress in both the genotypes and was highest in methyl jasmonate primed samples. These findings suggest that priming with methyl jasmonate enhances drought tolerance in cotton.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73969682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}