Diabetes Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Continuous Glucose Monitoring Before and After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Insights from a Real-World Clinical Setting.","authors":"Antonio J Amor, Clara Solà, Pedro Ventura-Aguiar, Tonet Serés-Noriega, Enrique Montagud-Marrahi, Nerea Antón, Maria Claro, Marc Figueras-Roca, Montserrat Ruiz, Joana Ferrer-Fàbrega, Ramon Rull, Mireia Musquera, Fritz Diekmann, Enric Esmatjes","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01849-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-026-01849-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation normalizes glycemia in patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease, yet data on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed CGM metrics in SPK recipients using FreeStyle Libre 2®, comparing pre- and post-transplant profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among n = 19 recipients, only n = 14 continued CGM use after transplantation (n = 9 continuously during the entire study period). Within 1 month, all CGM metrics improved significantly, including increased time-in-range (54.21 vs. 83.85%) and time-in-tight-range (TITR; 33.45 vs. 69.77%), and reduced glucose variability (p < 0.05 for all comparisons), with stability over 24 months. Optimal graft function was associated with superior CGM outcomes, notably higher TITR and lower mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE; p < 0.05). However, hypoglycemia-related targets were not consistently achieved despite otherwise optimal graft performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SPK transplantation was linked to rapid and sustained improvement in CGM profiles. These findings underscore CGM's value for monitoring graft function and support its integration into post-transplant care to optimize metabolic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"617-626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Cohort Study of Semaglutide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Using an Electronic Health Records Database in Tianjin, China.","authors":"Shanshan Wang, Ping Hu, Zewei Shen, Liming Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01848-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-026-01848-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in clinical parameters among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after initiating subcutaneous semaglutide in Chinese clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SCHOLAR was a retrospective cohort study using data from the Tianjin regional electronic health records database, including adults with T2D who initiated once-weekly semaglutide (full analysis set [FAS]). Endpoints included change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) and proportion with HbA_1c < 7.0% at month 6 (primary)/12 (secondary); lipids, medication classes, and safety (exploratory endpoints).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 26,859 individuals (FAS), mean ± SD age was 57 ± 13 years, and duration of T2D was 4 ± 3 years. Individuals with HbA_1c measurements at baseline and month 6 (n = 3055; baseline HbA_1c 7.65%) and 12 (n = 2897; baseline HbA_1c 7.75%) were included in the HbA_1c analyses. Mean change (95% CI) in HbA_1c was - 0.65%-points (- 0.71, - 0.59) at month 6, and - 0.47%-points (- 0.53, - 0.41) at month 12 with semaglutide (both p < 0.0001). The proportion of individuals with HbA_1c < 7.0% was 40.4%, 57.9%, and 49.8% at baseline, month 6, and month 12, respectively. Additionally, for individuals with HbA_1c ≥ 7.0% at baseline (mean HbA_1c 8.59%), mean HbA_1c change (95% CI) at month 6 was - 1.17%-points (- 1.25, - 1.08) (p < 0.0001). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides significantly decreased after 12 months with semaglutide (p < 0.05). Among individuals with continued semaglutide use, mean daily insulin dose, and number of combined oral antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering medication classes reduced after 6/12 months (all p < 0.05). In the FAS, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort were the most frequently reported adverse events (1.73%, 0.91%, and 0.89%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Initiating once-weekly semaglutide was associated with significant improvements versus baseline in glycemic control and lipids in people with T2D from Tianjin, China. Safety of semaglutide was similar to the established safety profile per adverse events assessment.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>NCT06351748.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"587-602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of Research: Safety and Effectiveness of Concomitant iGlarLixi and SGLT-2i Use in People with T2D During Ramadan Fasting: A SoliRam Study Sub-analysis.","authors":"Mohamed Hassanein, Rachid Malek, Saud Al Sifri, Rakesh Kumar Sahay, Mehmet Akif Buyukbese, Khier Djaballah, Lydie Melas-Melt, Inass Shaltout","doi":"10.1007/s13300-025-01827-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-025-01827-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a summary of the original article \"Safety and effectiveness of concomitant iGlarLixi and SGLT-2i use in people with T2D during Ramadan fasting: a SoliRam study sub-analysis.\" iGlarLixi is a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U/ml and glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) lixisenatide which has demonstrated its effectiveness of improving glycemic parameters and reducing body weight with low risk of hypoglycemia incidence in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were previously sub-optimally controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) alone or in combination with basal insulin or GLP-1RA. This sub-analysis of the SoliRam study assessed the safety and effectiveness of concomitant iGlarLixi and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2i) use with or without other OADs in adults with T2D who fasted during Ramadan. Participants were divided into two groups: SGLT-2i-users and SGLT-2i-non-users. The findings showed low incidence of severe and/or symptomatic documented hypoglycemia, improved glycemic control, and body weight benefits, irrespective of SGLT-2i use. No serious adverse events were reported in either group. The sub-analysis concluded that the concomitant iGlarLixi and SGLT-2i therapy, with or without other OADs, was demonstrated to be a safe treatment for people with T2D during Ramadan fasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"313-316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor regarding \"Accuracy and Reliability of the Sinocare iCan i3 Continuous Glucose Monitoring System\".","authors":"Fatih Gürbüz","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01840-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-026-01840-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"461-463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Management of CKM Syndrome: Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in a Multidisciplinary Setting-Expert Group Recommendations from Kuwait.","authors":"Waleed A Aldahi, Abdullah Alenezi, Thamer Alessa, Rashed Alhamdan, Khaldoon A Al-Humood, Ahmed Alqallaf, Torki Alotaibi, Heba Alrajab, Abdulmuhsen M Alshammari, Anas M Alyousef, Asrar Alsayed Hashem, Manfredi Rizzo","doi":"10.1007/s13300-025-01838-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-025-01838-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are overlapping conditions that drive premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. Care remains siloed and reactive despite shared risk factors and strong evidence for early intervention. To support integrated disease management, the American Heart Association (AHA) recently introduced the concept of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, recognizing the bidirectional links between metabolic, kidney, and cardiovascular health. Kuwait faces one of the highest burdens of CKM-related diseases globally. Three-quarters of adults are overweight or have obesity, and 28% have diabetes, both of which are leading causes of mortality and health system strain. Yet multidisciplinary care remains limited, and innovative pharmacotherapies, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), are underused. A panel of Kuwaiti endocrinologists, cardiologists, and nephrologists convened to assess barriers to optimal CKM care and define practical recommendations. Discussions focused on current gaps in screening, care coordination, provider education, and access to therapies. Evidence on GLP-1 RAs was reviewed, considering the demonstrated benefits for weight loss, glycemic control, cardiovascular outcomes, and CKD progression. The expert group agreed that multidisciplinary, risk-stratified, and patient-centered approaches are urgently needed. Recommendations include earlier screening and diagnosis, improved integration across specialties, healthcare provider upskilling, public awareness campaigns, and broader access to GLP-1 RAs. Semaglutide was highlighted as a clinically valuable option owing to its broad efficacy and safety profile. Adopting a CKM care model tailored to Kuwait's specific challenges, with appropriate use of GLP-1 RAs, can reduce disease burden, improve outcomes, and increase healthcare system efficiency. The local implementation of evidence-based, cross-specialty strategies is key to altering the trajectory of CKM syndrome in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"373-389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Patterns Among Individuals with Diabetes Receiving Insulin Therapy in Japan: The Insulin JP2DB Study.","authors":"Michiaki Fukui, Satoshi Tsuboi, Yuiko Yamamoto, Yasuo Terauchi","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01839-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-026-01839-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This retrospective database study investigated trends in insulin and use of concomitant noninsulin glucose-lowering medication (NIGLM) among Japanese individuals with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised two analyses: (1) a serial cross-sectional analysis of patterns in insulin treatment by year (database: Real World Data); and (2) a longitudinal retrospective cohort analysis that examined insulin treatment and individuals' characteristics (database: DeSC). Individuals initiating insulin in an inpatient or outpatient setting were followed up for 9 months (type 2 diabetes [T2D]) or 21 months (type 1 diabetes [T1D]) to evaluate treatment changes over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serial cross-sectional analysis included 4953 individuals (T2D, n = 4693; T1D, n = 260). The proportion of participants with T2D receiving concomitant NIGLMs increased from 31% in 2002 to 61% in 2021; from 2014 onwards, more than 30% of insulin-treated and basal-insulin-treated individuals treated with concomitant NIGLMs received dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Since 2018, use of concomitant NIGLMs in T1D has increased. The longitudinal retrospective cohort analysis included 27,492 individuals (T2D, n = 27,031; T1D, n = 461). Among participants with T2D who initiated insulin in an inpatient setting, 70.8% received bolus insulin at initiation, with this proportion declining to 17.3% after 9 months; proportions of participants receiving basal insulin and of those receiving basal-bolus insulin increased over the same period (6.3-31.1% and 17.0-23.4%, respectively). The majority of participants with T2D who initiated insulin in an outpatient setting received basal insulin at initiation (hospital, 53.9%; clinic, 58.9%). Among participants with T1D who initiated insulin in an inpatient setting, 57.9% received bolus insulin, and basal-bolus insulin was the predominant regimen after 1 month (85.0%); in outpatient settings, basal-bolus insulin was the predominant regimen throughout the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Japan, the most prominent insulin regimen at initiation varied across settings in T2D but not in T1D; use of concomitant NIGLMs increased over time in both.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"411-429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146060629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Weight Loss Outcomes by Obesity Management Approaches in Japan: Descriptive Findings from the J-ORBIT Database Linked to Electronic Medical Records (J-ORBIT2).","authors":"Yushi Hirota, Seiji Nishikage, Satoshi Osaga, Ambrish Singh, Tomotaka Shingaki, Taisuke Kojima, Masamichi Ishii, Kengo Miyo, Wataru Ogawa","doi":"10.1007/s13300-025-01837-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-025-01837-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The current clinical reality and burden of obesity disease in Japan are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, in this real-world study we describe the characteristics of Japanese individuals with obesity disease (IwOD) and their obesity disease treatments using data from the Japan Obesity Research Based on electronIc healTh record (J-ORBIT) database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study (January 2019 to January 2024) assessed data of ≥ 18-year-old IwOD registered in J-ORBIT and diagnosed with primary obesity per the criteria of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (JASSO). IwOD were grouped according to the most advanced treatment received during the study period, including the index date: lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, or bariatric surgery. Demographic and clinical characteristics, degree of weight reduction, and percent change in metabolic parameters from baseline to the latest follow-up timepoint were described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 782 IwOD included in this study, 274, 487, and 21 had received advanced treatment in the form of lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, respectively. At baseline, across treatment groups the mean age ranged from 45 to 57 years, female proportion ranged from 45% to 76%, and body mass index (BMI) ranged from 31 to 39 kg/m², respectively. Across treatment groups, 62-69% had ≥ 3 obesity-related health disorders (ORHDs) at baseline. Mean follow-up periods in these groups ranged from 846 to 1211 days. Mean weight and BMI numerically decreased from baseline to follow-up across groups. In the lifestyle intervention , pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery groups, 38%, 45%, and 65% of IwOD achieved ≥ 3% weight reduction at the latest follow-up timepoint. IwOD with baseline BMI ≥ 30 kg/ m² tended to achieve greater weight reduction. Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and uric acid levels tended to improve in IwOD with ≥ 3% weight reduction and greater categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obesity-associated burden in terms of ORHDs was common among Japanese IwOD. Although IwOD tended to have the highest weight reduction after bariatric surgery, this treatment is indicated for a highly restrictive population and requires specific criteria to be met, leaving many IwOD with unmet needs. These IwOD may need pharmacotherapy for better weight management than that provided by current options.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"391-410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists as a Secondary Prevention in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Beth Elliott, Ellie Tomlinson, Nirali Desai, Adrian Heald, Benjamin C Field, Christian Heiss, Martin B Whyte","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01843-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-026-01843-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are hypothesized to reduce peripheral arterial disease (PAD) complications through mechanisms, including enhanced cardiac function, improved cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation, and local vascular effects such as angiogenesis. We assessed the effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs in lowering the risk of major adverse limb events (MALE) among individuals with diabetes and diagnosed PAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a meta-analysis of a structured search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases until 16 June 2025. Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials of GLP-1 RAs reporting major adverse limb events from PAD. We identified five articles published up to June 2025 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers working independently and in duplicate, to assess eligibility and risk of bias, and extract data from eligible studies. Random-effects models were used to pool estimates across the included studies. Meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane-RevMan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 25,067 patients in total. There were 433 revascularization events. Compared with the control group, the overall log odds ratio for revascularization with GLP-1 RA treatment was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73, 1.05; p = 0.13). Two of the studies reported amputation rates (comprising 224 events), with an overall log odds ratio of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.27; p = 0.37) for GLP-1 RA treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this meta-analysis of randomized trials, GLP-1 RAs were not associated with statistically significant differences in revascularization or amputation outcomes in individuals with diabetes and PAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"449-459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Diabetes Therapies and Impact on Peripheral and Autonomic Diabetic Neuropathies: A State-of-the-Art Review.","authors":"Jelena Vekic, Aleksandra Zeljkovic, Viviana Maggio, Manfredi Rizzo, Sanja Medenica","doi":"10.1007/s13300-025-01828-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-025-01828-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a leading complication of diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathy (DN) represents a major public health challenge due to its high prevalence and impact on patients' quality of life. The most common form, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), is characterized by progressive sensory loss, neuropathic pain, and autonomic dysfunction, all of which can significantly increase the risk of serious complications, such as foot ulcers and amputations. Traditionally, therapeutic strategies for DN have been largely limited to symptomatic management. However, recent advancements in diabetes therapy have opened promising avenues for disease-modifying interventions. In particular, incretin-based therapies and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have attracted increasing interest not only for their glucose-lowering effects, but also for their broader metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular benefits. In this narrative review, we synthesize emerging evidence on the potential role of these innovative therapies in the management of DN. Preclinical models, clinical trials and real-world observational studies strongly support the hypothesis that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors may confer neuroprotective benefits. Beyond these established classes, novel agents such as dual and triple receptor agonists are currently being investigated. Although clinical data on their effects in DN are still limited, the simultaneous activation of multiple metabolic pathways suggests the potential for synergistic neuroprotective effects through enhanced regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuation of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, improvement of mitochondrial function and reduction of neuronal damage. Although innovative diabetes therapies are still in early stages of development, they reflect a rapidly evolving landscape in the management of DN in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"331-355"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145910888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Overall Health State, Treatment Burden, and Satisfaction with Insulin Efsitora Alfa (Efsitora) vs. Daily Comparator in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in the QWINT Clinical Trial Program.","authors":"Eden Miller, Michael B Davidson, Harpreet S Bajaj, Julio Rosenstock, Athena Philis-Tsimikis, Richard M Bergenstal, Michael Case, Liza Ilag, Rebecca Threlkeld, Esther Levasseur, Felicia Gelsey","doi":"10.1007/s13300-025-01833-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-025-01833-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Once-weekly efsitora resulted in similar efficacy and safety compared with daily basal insulins glargine or degludec in the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes in the QWINT phase 3 development program. To fully assess once-weekly insulin's potential and address common barriers associated with insulin therapy (e.g., clinical inertia, fear of injections, treatment complexity), other aspects of the participants' treatment experiences were investigated using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurements. The results of these PROs from QWINT-1 to -4 are presented here.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six different PRO instruments were completed across the studies at primary timepoints and treatment period endpoint (QWINT-1, week 26/52; QWINT-2, week 26/52; QWINT-3, week 26/52/78; QWINT-4, week 26) by participants enrolled in the phase 3 QWINT clinical trials. The PRO instruments included Treatment Related Impact Measure-Diabetes (Trim-D) (QWINT-1, -2, and -3), Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) (QWINT-1 and -3), Simplicity of Diabetes Treatment Questionnaire (SIM-Q) (QWINT-1, -2, and -3), Basal Insulin Experience (BIE) (all QWINTs), EQ-5D-5L (QWINT-2, -3, and -4), and Short Form-36 Health Survey Version 2(SF-36v2) (QWINT-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Efsitora-treated participants demonstrated greater or similar improvements than comparators for most of the measured PROs at the primary timepoint in all four studies, particularly in QWINT-3 and -4 (prior insulin experience). Notably, for those treated with efsitora, there were significantly larger improvements than comparators in the PRO domains of treatment burden, daily life, diabetes management, compliance, satisfaction, and psychological health, as measured using the TRIM-D and DTSQc. Participants treated with efsitora had similar scores across both health-related quality of life measures, EQ-5D-5L and SF-36v2, at the primary endpoint when evaluated versus the comparator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants in the QWINT-1 to -4 studies demonstrated a strong preference for efsitora, along with improved overall functioning, well-being, and treatment burden compared to daily basal insulins.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number for qwint studies: </strong>QWINT-1: NCT05662332; QWINT-2: NCT05362058; QWINT-3: NCT05275400; QWINT-4: NCT05462756.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"431-447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}