Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献_第6页

Ontogeny of vascular smooth muscle responsiveness in the postweaning rat. 断奶后大鼠血管平滑肌反应的个体发生。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01

E E Soltis, P S Newman

引用次数: 0

Effects of nimodipine on brain blood flow following acute brain ischemia in the newborn piglet. 尼莫地平对新生仔猪急性脑缺血后脑血流的影响。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01

C S Easley, F S Wartman, A E Kopelman, T M Louis

引用次数: 0

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01

M Yoshida, J Latifpour, R M Weiss

引用次数: 0

Relationship of prenatal caffeine exposure and zinc supplementation on fetal rat brain growth. 产前咖啡因暴露与补锌对胎鼠脑发育的影响。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01

M Yazdani, F Fontenot, S B Gottschalk, Y Kanemaru, F Joseph, T Nakamoto

{"title":"Relationship of prenatal caffeine exposure and zinc supplementation on fetal rat brain growth.","authors":"M Yazdani, F Fontenot, S B Gottschalk, Y Kanemaru, F Joseph, T Nakamoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnant rat dams were divided into four groups on the 3rd day of gestation. Group 1 dams were fed a 20% protein diet as controls. Dams of group 2 were fed a 20% protein diet supplemented with zinc (0.6 g ZnCl2/kg diet). Group 3 dams were fed a 20% protein diet supplemented with caffeine (2 mg/100 g body weight) and dams of group 4 were fed a 20% protein diet supplemented with both caffeine and zinc. Fetuses were surgically delivered on day 22, and brains were removed and analyzed for alkaline phosphatase activity, protein, zinc, cholesterol and DNA concentrations. Fetal brain caffeine levels, as well as maternal and fetal plasma caffeine levels, were determined in caffeine-supplemented groups. The body weight of group 4 and brain weights of groups 3 and 4 were higher than those of groups 1 and 2. Alkaline phosphatase activity of group 3 was less than that of group 1. The brain zinc concentration of group 2 was higher than in the other groups, but that of group 4 was less than that of group 1. The present study indicated that the supplementation of caffeine to the maternal diet decreased zinc levels in the fetal brain, and the addition of extra zinc to this diet did not return the zinc level to that of the control level as we had expected. In addition, the supplementation of caffeine and zinc together increased the body weights of the fetuses compared to the controls, but the addition of only one of these substances had no effect, suggesting that the combination of caffeine and zinc may have unique effects on fetal growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":11160,"journal":{"name":"Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12654389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of prazosin on hypoxemia-induced blood flow redistribution in the newborn piglet. 哌唑嗪对低氧仔猪血流再分布的影响。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480595

R. Green, M. Lasker, F. Mcdonnell, I. Holzman

引用次数: 0

Developmental aspects of the monoamine-degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase. 单胺降解酶单胺氧化酶的发育方面。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480622

M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert, K. Tipton

{"title":"Developmental aspects of the monoamine-degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase.","authors":"M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert, K. Tipton","doi":"10.1159/000480622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000480622","url":null,"abstract":"In the rat heart, monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B activity was shown to predominate in 2- to 3-week-old animals, whereas MAO-A activity was reported to be very low in newborn rats and to increase considerably with age until it predominates. These results are in contrast with those found in the mouse heart, where an age-dependent increase in MAO-B activity with no changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine deaminating activity was found to occur. There is evidence that the adult values of MAO activity are reached early in development in rat kidney and liver. In the rat lung the adult values of MAO-A activity are reached by day 40, whereas MAO-B activity is still increasing by day 80. Important differences have been reported in the developmental pattern of the two forms of MAO in the rat and mouse brain, with a decrease in the MAO-A/MAO-B ratio during postnatal development. In the human brain, the ontogenetic development of MAO-A and MAO-B appears to parallel that observed in the rodent brain. It is worth noting that most of the available data have to be considered with reservation owing to many methodological problems. Further studies are clearly needed to get reliable information on the ontogenesis of MAO in mammalian tissues.","PeriodicalId":11160,"journal":{"name":"Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85078911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Potential of population pharmacokinetics to reduce the frequency of blood sampling required for estimating kinetic parameters in neonates. 群体药代动力学减少估算新生儿动力学参数所需的血液采样频率的潜力。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480600

L. Collart, T. Blaschke, F. Boucher, C. Prober

{"title":"Potential of population pharmacokinetics to reduce the frequency of blood sampling required for estimating kinetic parameters in neonates.","authors":"L. Collart, T. Blaschke, F. Boucher, C. Prober","doi":"10.1159/000480600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000480600","url":null,"abstract":"Data obtained from neonates receiving zidovudine as part of a phase I study were used to estimate the population pharmacokinetic parameters of this drug and to determine the minimum number of data points necessary to provide accurate estimates of the kinetic parameters and their variability. Analysis was performed with 541 concentrations of zidovudine, obtained from 32 infants and with a variety of reduced data sets using NONMEM (nonlinear mixed effect model). The reduced data sets were derived by randomly reducing the number of sampling time points per dosing interval and/or by randomly reducing the number of available subjects. We determined that accurate estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters and their variability were obtained with the inclusion of all 32 patients using only two concentration-time points per dose interval, provided that one of the points was obtained during the first 2 h after administration of the drug. The parameters themselves were adequately estimated with only 24 subjects and two concentration-time points per dose interval. We suggest that NONMEM should be used in addition to the traditional pharmacokinetic analysis to obtain more precise information directly in the population of interest with a minimum of blood sampling from each patient. This is especially critical in infants whose blood volumes are limited.","PeriodicalId":11160,"journal":{"name":"Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84240095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Priming as a model of behavioural sensitization. 作为行为敏感化模型的启动效应。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480624

G. Di Chiara, M. Morelli, P. Barone, F. Pontieri

引用次数: 17

Enantiomers: implications and complications in developmental pharmacology. 对映体:发育药理学的意义和并发症。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480610

M. Eichelbaum

{"title":"Enantiomers: implications and complications in developmental pharmacology.","authors":"M. Eichelbaum","doi":"10.1159/000480610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000480610","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of synthetic drugs with chiral centers are administered as racemates. Thus chemically, and to an even greater extent biologically, a racemic drug is not a single compound, but a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomeric drugs. No generalization can be made concerning whether and to what extent the activity, in either qualitative or quantitative terms, differs between enantiomers. It is not unusual for the enantiomers of a drug to have a high degree of enantioselectivity for one action but no enantioselectivity for another action. For instance S-propranolol is at least two orders of magnitude more potent than R-propranolol with regard to beta-adrenoceptor antagonism. However, the two enantiomers are equipotent with regard to their membrane stabilizing effect. It is often overlooked that enantioselectivity in the activity of enantiomers as determined in vitro cannot be extrapolated to the in vivo situation since enantioselective drug disposition can lead to an enantiomer ratio in vivo which differs substantially from that in the dosage form administered. Enantioselectivity in drug disposition seems to be the rule rather than the exception and, depending on whether the active or less active enantiomer is preferentially affected, there may be amplification or attenuation of in vivo as compared to the in vitro drug potency.","PeriodicalId":11160,"journal":{"name":"Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83008225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Treatment of growth failure in renal disease with recombinant human growth hormone: 2 years' experience. 重组人生长激素治疗肾脏疾病生长衰竭:2年经验。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01

B Tönshoff, O Mehls

引用次数: 0