Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献_第6页

Expression and release of neuroregulators during development: monoamines and neuropeptides. 发育过程中神经调节因子的表达和释放:单胺和神经肽。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01

H Lagercrantz, H Holgert, J M Pequignot, M Srinivasan

引用次数: 0

A possible 5-HT3 component of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced increases in gastric motility in developing rats. 促甲状腺激素释放激素诱导发育大鼠胃运动增加的可能的5-HT3成分。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000457465

M M Heitkemper, E F Bond, M K Gruver, A Horita

引用次数: 2

Activated charcoal for theophylline toxicity in a premature infant on the second day of life. 活性炭对茶碱毒性的早产儿在生命的第二天。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000457471

R Jain, D A Tholl

引用次数: 3

Sedative/hypnotic effects of chloral hydrate in the neonate: trichloroethanol or parent drug? 水合氯醛对新生儿的镇静/催眠作用:三氯乙醇还是母体药物?

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000457475

D J Mayers, K W Hindmarsh, D K Gorecki, K Sankaran

引用次数: 14

Priming as a model of behavioural sensitization. 作为行为敏感化模型的启动效应。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480624

G. Di Chiara, M. Morelli, P. Barone, F. Pontieri

引用次数: 17

Enantiomers: implications and complications in developmental pharmacology. 对映体:发育药理学的意义和并发症。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480610

M. Eichelbaum

{"title":"Enantiomers: implications and complications in developmental pharmacology.","authors":"M. Eichelbaum","doi":"10.1159/000480610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000480610","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of synthetic drugs with chiral centers are administered as racemates. Thus chemically, and to an even greater extent biologically, a racemic drug is not a single compound, but a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomeric drugs. No generalization can be made concerning whether and to what extent the activity, in either qualitative or quantitative terms, differs between enantiomers. It is not unusual for the enantiomers of a drug to have a high degree of enantioselectivity for one action but no enantioselectivity for another action. For instance S-propranolol is at least two orders of magnitude more potent than R-propranolol with regard to beta-adrenoceptor antagonism. However, the two enantiomers are equipotent with regard to their membrane stabilizing effect. It is often overlooked that enantioselectivity in the activity of enantiomers as determined in vitro cannot be extrapolated to the in vivo situation since enantioselective drug disposition can lead to an enantiomer ratio in vivo which differs substantially from that in the dosage form administered. Enantioselectivity in drug disposition seems to be the rule rather than the exception and, depending on whether the active or less active enantiomer is preferentially affected, there may be amplification or attenuation of in vivo as compared to the in vitro drug potency.","PeriodicalId":11160,"journal":{"name":"Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":"131-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83008225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Effect of prazosin on hypoxemia-induced blood flow redistribution in the newborn piglet. 哌唑嗪对低氧仔猪血流再分布的影响。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480595

R. Green, M. Lasker, F. Mcdonnell, I. Holzman

{"title":"Effect of prazosin on hypoxemia-induced blood flow redistribution in the newborn piglet.","authors":"R. Green, M. Lasker, F. Mcdonnell, I. Holzman","doi":"10.1159/000480595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000480595","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the effect of the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin on blood pressure, left ventricular output and blood flow redistribution during normoxemia and mild hypoxemia in the chronically instrumented, unanesthetized newborn piglet employing the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Prior to prazosin, hypoxemia caused increases in aortic pressure and blood flows to the brain, myocardium and diaphragm, accomplished by small, statistically insignificant decreases in flows to the carcass and viscera without an increase in cardiac index. Prazosin treatment during normoxemia caused a fall in blood pressure and resulted in greater blood flows of left ventricular origin to the carcass, myocardium and lung. Hypoxemia after prazosin administration increased not only aortic pressure and blood flows to the brain, myocardium and diaphragm, but also, unlike the situation before drug treatment, cardiac index. Thus, in the newborn piglet, the maintenance of critical organ oxygen delivery during hypoxemia is not blocked by prazosin, but is accomplished by an increase in cardiac index rather than simply by redistribution of blood flow.","PeriodicalId":11160,"journal":{"name":"Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"34 1","pages":"26-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81234264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential of population pharmacokinetics to reduce the frequency of blood sampling required for estimating kinetic parameters in neonates. 群体药代动力学减少估算新生儿动力学参数所需的血液采样频率的潜力。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480600

L. Collart, T. Blaschke, F. Boucher, C. Prober

{"title":"Potential of population pharmacokinetics to reduce the frequency of blood sampling required for estimating kinetic parameters in neonates.","authors":"L. Collart, T. Blaschke, F. Boucher, C. Prober","doi":"10.1159/000480600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000480600","url":null,"abstract":"Data obtained from neonates receiving zidovudine as part of a phase I study were used to estimate the population pharmacokinetic parameters of this drug and to determine the minimum number of data points necessary to provide accurate estimates of the kinetic parameters and their variability. Analysis was performed with 541 concentrations of zidovudine, obtained from 32 infants and with a variety of reduced data sets using NONMEM (nonlinear mixed effect model). The reduced data sets were derived by randomly reducing the number of sampling time points per dosing interval and/or by randomly reducing the number of available subjects. We determined that accurate estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters and their variability were obtained with the inclusion of all 32 patients using only two concentration-time points per dose interval, provided that one of the points was obtained during the first 2 h after administration of the drug. The parameters themselves were adequately estimated with only 24 subjects and two concentration-time points per dose interval. We suggest that NONMEM should be used in addition to the traditional pharmacokinetic analysis to obtain more precise information directly in the population of interest with a minimum of blood sampling from each patient. This is especially critical in infants whose blood volumes are limited.","PeriodicalId":11160,"journal":{"name":"Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"9 1","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84240095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Developmental aspects of the monoamine-degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase. 单胺降解酶单胺氧化酶的发育方面。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000480622

M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert, K. Tipton

{"title":"Developmental aspects of the monoamine-degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase.","authors":"M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert, K. Tipton","doi":"10.1159/000480622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000480622","url":null,"abstract":"In the rat heart, monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B activity was shown to predominate in 2- to 3-week-old animals, whereas MAO-A activity was reported to be very low in newborn rats and to increase considerably with age until it predominates. These results are in contrast with those found in the mouse heart, where an age-dependent increase in MAO-B activity with no changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine deaminating activity was found to occur. There is evidence that the adult values of MAO activity are reached early in development in rat kidney and liver. In the rat lung the adult values of MAO-A activity are reached by day 40, whereas MAO-B activity is still increasing by day 80. Important differences have been reported in the developmental pattern of the two forms of MAO in the rat and mouse brain, with a decrease in the MAO-A/MAO-B ratio during postnatal development. In the human brain, the ontogenetic development of MAO-A and MAO-B appears to parallel that observed in the rodent brain. It is worth noting that most of the available data have to be considered with reservation owing to many methodological problems. Further studies are clearly needed to get reliable information on the ontogenesis of MAO in mammalian tissues.","PeriodicalId":11160,"journal":{"name":"Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"35 1","pages":"191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85078911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Treatment of growth failure in renal disease with recombinant human growth hormone: 2 years' experience. 重组人生长激素治疗肾脏疾病生长衰竭:2年经验。

Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 1992-01-01

B Tönshoff, O Mehls

引用次数: 0