Diabetes technology & therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"CGM Metrics and the Risk of Pregnancy Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: A Secondary Exploratory Analysis of the CRISTAL Trial.","authors":"Ina Geerts, Kaat Beunen, Liese Berger, Nancy Van Wilder, Dominique Ballaux, Gerd Vanhaverbeke, Youri Taes, Xavier-Philippe Aers, Frank Nobels, Liesbeth Van Huffel, Joke Marlier, Dahae Lee, Joke Cuypers, Vanessa Preumont, Sarah E Siegelaar, Rebecca C Painter, Annouschka Laenen, Pieter Gillard, Chantal Mathieu, Katrien Benhalima","doi":"10.1177/15209156261477154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15209156261477154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the associations between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, including glucose management indicator (GMI) and overnight glucose levels, and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Secondary exploratory analysis of the CRISTAL trial including 95 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes using CGM. Associations were assessed using logistic regression and Spearman correlations, presented as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) adjusted for baseline HbA1c. GMI validity was assessed using scatter and Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each 5% increase in overall pregnancy-specific time-in-range (TIRp) decreased the odds of gestational hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.97), birthweight >4.5 kg (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.96), and neonatal hypoglycemia requiring hospital care (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.57). Each 5% increase in overnight TIRp decreased the odds of gestational hypertension (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.98) and neonatal hypoglycemia requiring hospital care (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.79). Each 5% increase in overall time-above-range (TARp) increased the odds of birthweight >4.5 kg (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05-2.96), respiratory distress (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02-2.37), and neonatal hypoglycemia requiring hospital care (OR 5.10, 95% CI 1.14-22.78). Each 5% increase in TARp overnight increased the odds of hospital care for neonatal hypoglycemia (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.15-5.66). Each 0.28 mmol/L increase in mean glucose and 0.5% increase in GMI were associated with increased respiratory distress (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.23 and OR 6.15, 95% CI 1.33-28.40). Every 0.28 mmol/L increase in glycemic variability (SD) was associated with gestational hypertension (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.02-2.80) and birthweight >4.5 kg (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.20-4.43). Several combinations of CGM metrics (TIRp[-night], TARp[-night], SD, mean glucose) improved discriminative performance for pregnancy outcomes. GMI and HbA1c values were discordant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Specific combinations of CGM metrics, including overnight TIRp/TARp, may be informative for predicting pregnancy outcomes. GMI and HbA1c should not be considered interchangeable for glycemic control during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"15209156261477154"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148711634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Insulin Delivery System Initiation Safely Improves Glycemic Outcomes in Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Carmen Quirós, Montserrat Granados, María J Picón, Lía Nattero-Chávez, Eva Aguilera-Hurtado, María Del Rosario Vallejo-Mora, Pilar Beato-Víbora, Sharona Azriel-Mira, Jesús Moreno-Fernández, Olga Simó-Servat, Roxana Zavala-Arauco, Gonzalo Díaz-Soto, Nuria Alonso-Carril, María A Martínez-Brocca, Olaia Diaz-Trastoy, Laura Guerrero, Paula Andújar, María Duran-Martínez, Rosa Márquez, María Piedra-León, Elisenda Climent, Ana Chico","doi":"10.1177/15209156261474587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15209156261474587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate real-world glycemic outcomes, safety, treatment satisfaction, cognition, and frailty in older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using advanced hybrid closed-loop (aHCL), and to compare them with those of matched older adults treated with multiple daily injections (MDIs).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Multicenter observational study including 100 adults with T1D from 19 Spanish hospitals who initiated aHCL at ≥65 years and 100 age- and sex-matched MDI users. Glycemic outcomes before aHCL initiation were compared with the final follow-up. Final glycemic outcomes were also compared between the aHCL and MDI groups. Cognitive function and frailty were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and FRAIL scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 71.2 ± 4.4 years. In aHCL users, time in range (TIR 70-180 mg/dL) increased from 65.3% ± 15.0% before aHCL initiation to 78.6% ± 10.5% at the final follow-up (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and HbA1c decreased from 7.56% ± 0.97% to 7.01% ± 0.59% (59.1 ± 10.6 mmol/mol to 53.1 ± 6.4 mmol/mol) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). At the final follow-up, aHCL users had a higher TIR than matched MDI users (78.6% ± 10.5% vs. 63.0% ± 18.1%; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and lower HbA1c (7.01% ± 0.59% vs. 7.65% ± 0.98%; 53.1 ± 6.4 mmol/mol to 59.9 ± 10.7 mmol/mol; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Severe hypoglycemia decreased from 28.0 to 1.6 events per 100 patient-years after aHCL initiation. A total of 60% of aHCL users had mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment, yet the final TIR was similar across cognitive strata within the aHCL group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In older adults with T1D, real-world aHCL initiation was associated with improved glycemic outcomes and better glycemic outcomes than in matched MDI users in a cohort with substantial cognitive vulnerability. These findings support the effectiveness of aHCL therapy in routine geriatric diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"15209156261474587"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Correction to:</i> Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Noninsulin-Treated People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (doi: 10.1089/dia.2023.0390).","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/dia.2023.0390.correx","DOIUrl":"10.1089/dia.2023.0390.correx","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"893"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic Outcomes Following a Missed Premeal Bolus: A Comparative Study of Three Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Alzbeta Santova, Lukas Plachy, Vit Neuman, Shenali Anne Amaratunga, Matvei G Slavenko, Barbora Obermannova, Lenka Drnkova, Stepanka Pruhova, Zdenek Sumnik","doi":"10.1177/15209156251415187","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15209156251415187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Missing premeal boluses negatively impacts glycemic outcomes in automated insulin delivery (AID) users. This prospective interventional study compared postprandial glycemia after missed bolus across three AID systems in children with type 1 diabetes (CwD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CwD using MiniMed 780G (780G), Tandem Control-IQ (CIQ), or Ypsomed CamAPS (CamAPS) consumed 30 g and 50 g of carbohydrates (CH) in the form of standardized enteral nutrition, purposely omitting a premeal bolus. The mean area under the curve (AUC) of glucose concentration change and continuous glucose monitoring metrics were analyzed over 4 h postprandially and compared between the systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three CwD completed the study (mean age = 13 years, mean HbA1c = 47 mmol/mol [6.5%]). The lowest mean AUC was reached by 780G, followed by CIQ and CamAPS (137 vs. 144 vs. 156 mmol/L·sec·10³, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Similar trends were seen after 50 g of CH. CamAPS users spent more time in level 2 hyperglycemia (26% for 30 g, 42% for 50 g) compared to CIQ (9.9% and 26%) and 780G (5.0% and 21%; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AID systems differ in their capacity to compensate for missed premeal boluses. 780G and CIQ outperformed CamAPS in limiting postprandial hyperglycemia, suggesting they may be preferable for CwD prone to bolus omission.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"828-836"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Oral GLP-1 RA Orforglipron on Weight and Glycemic Control According to Diabetes Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Noha Hammad, Aya M Ramadan, Ahmed Nazmy, Ahmed Elazab, Ahmed Abdelaziz","doi":"10.1177/15209156261420404","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15209156261420404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excess body weight and poor metabolic control remain major contributors to cardiometabolic disease, highlighting the need for effective therapeutic options. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-daily oral orforglipron in obese adults with and without diabetes. Searches were conducted across four databases through November 2025. Five randomized controlled trials (<i>n</i> = 6140) were included. Orforglipron produced consistent, dose-dependent reductions in body weight, ranging from modest losses at 3 mg to more than 6 kg at 36 mg in patients with diabetes. Individuals without diabetes experienced greater weight reductions, approaching 12 kg at the highest dose. Significant improvements in body mass index, waist circumference, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; -1.29%) were also observed. Gastrointestinal adverse events increased with higher dose, and no significant difference in the incidence of acute pancreatitis was identified. Overall, orforglipron demonstrated clinically meaningful metabolic benefits with an acceptable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"881-886"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations from the United Kingdom UNBIASED Study to Address Diabetes Technology Access Disparities for Children and Young People.","authors":"Sze May Ng, Natalie Darko, Eda Tonga, Julia Lawton, Rachel Dlugatch, David Rankin, Mark Evans, Nick Oliver","doi":"10.1177/15209156261417292","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15209156261417292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The UNBIASED UK study is the first national study that explores disparities in access to diabetes technology among children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from ethnic minority and low socioeconomic backgrounds in the United Kingdom. Despite the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance ensuring free universal access to diabetes technologies since 2023, significant inequities persist. This article outlines key barriers and provides recommendations to improve equitable access and engagement with diabetes technologies for CYP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multimethod participatory approach was used, including semi-structured triad interviews with parents and CYP of underrepresented groups living in low socioeconomic areas and minority ethnic groups. Health care professionals from the National Health Service were also interviewed to explore perceived and systemic barriers to technology adoption. Thematic analysis identified key challenges and potential solutions, and new recommendations were sought from codesigned workshops and public consultations were further developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The UNBIASED study identified key themes from parents, children, and young people, including barriers to access, experiences with diabetes technology, inconsistent services and education, intersectional challenges, communication issues, and emotional support needs. Health care professionals highlighted financial limits, language barriers, regional service differences, unconscious bias, and low awareness as major factors contributing to disparities. Key strategies and new recommendations are made to improve fair access to diabetes technologies, including systemic reforms, better communication and support, and stronger community engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This UK UNBIASED study highlights the urgent need for standardized policies, increased awareness campaigns, culturally tailored education, peer support initiatives, and improved health care provider training to ensure equitable access to diabetes technology for all CYP with T1D in the United Kingdom.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"821-827"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics with Incident Diabetic Retinopathy: A Real-World Long-Term Study.","authors":"Tomoki Okuno, Sharon A Macwan, Gregory J Norman, Donald R Miller, Peter D Reaven, Jin J Zhou","doi":"10.1177/15209156261416922","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15209156261416922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analyzed data from 2253 veterans with type 1 (34%) or type 2 (66%) diabetes who initiated Dexcom continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) between 2015 and 2022, all with ≥10 days of data over a 6-month landmark period. CGM data were merged with electronic health records (EHR). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was defined from EHR diagnoses. Incident DR was assessed up to 4 years from CGM initiation. Cox models evaluated associations between CGM metrics (mean glucose [MG], time in range [TIR], time above range [TAR], glycemia risk index [GRI], coefficient of variation, and week-to-week average real variability [ARV]) and DR. There were 99 incident DR events. In separate multivariable models, higher MG, TAR, GRI, and ARV, and lower TIR were associated with DR risk; these associations (except ARV) remained significant after landmark HbA1c adjustment and were stronger than for landmark HbA1c itself, suggesting that CGM metrics provide more informative risk stratification than HbA1c alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"867-874"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146028690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketone Profiles in Community-Dwelling Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Using Continuous Ketone Monitoring.","authors":"Jennifer Ngan, Yee Wen Kong, Hanna C Jones, Jenna Goad, Adamandia Kriketos, Adele Manzoney, Alicia J Jenkins, Christopher J Nolan, Delaney Randle, Frank Gao, Joanne Fenn, Mahesh M Umapathysivam, Melinda Felder, Michael L H Huang, Miyuki Nakano, Pamela Taylor, Ria Haryung Lee, Richard J MacIsaac, Sara Vogrin, Spiros Fourlanos, Stephen Stranks, Elif I Ekinci, David N O'Neal","doi":"10.1177/15209156261420186","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15209156261420186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to assess continuous ketone monitor (CKM) profiles in community-dwelling adults with type 1 diabetes. Two-weeks CKM (Abbott, Alameda, CA) run-in data (PARTNER study: ACTRN12624000448549) were analyzed by groups <0.6, 0.6-0.9, and ≥1.0 mmol/L defined as at least one reading in the highest ketone range. Results are median interquartile range (IQR). Sixty-four participants (age 49.8 [40.2-64.1] yrs; HbA1c 7.4 [6.9-8.0]% 57 [52-64] mmol/mol) were studied; 61% consistently had ketones <0.6 mmol/L, and 23% and 16% experienced peak ketones between 0.6 and 0.9 mmol/L and ≥1.0 mmol/L, respectively. Maximum time-in-range 0.6-0.9 mmol/L and ≥1.0 mmol/L were 5.3% and 2.4%, respectively. Median glucose was on average 47 mg/dL higher (95% confidence interval (CI) 19-73; <i>P =</i> 0.001) during episodes of CKM ketones ≥1.0 mmol/L compared with time-matched control periods <0.6 mmol/L. Most community-dwelling adults with type 1 diabetes have ketones <0.6 mmol/L. Glucose levels rose with elevated ketones but were not a diagnostic substitute.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"875-880"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146178177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the Fifth Generation of a 16-Day Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Adults with Diabetes.","authors":"Shichen Chang, Yibing Lu, Hongwei Ling, Guanqun Zhang, Yanan Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Lin Zhao","doi":"10.1177/15209156261416870","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15209156261416870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the accuracy and safety of the Anytime 5Pro continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, a real-time, factory-calibrated device, over a 16-day period in adults with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were recruited from three clinical sites in China. Each participant was equipped with four sensors (one on each upper arm and two on the abdomen) for a period of up to 16 days. To evaluate sensor performance, participants were randomly assigned to one of three 7-hour clinic sessions on days 1 or 2, days 7, 8 or 9, and day 16. During the sessions, the real-time glucose values measured by Anytime 5Pro CGM system were compared with venous blood glucose values measured by the EKF blood glucose detector. Primary endpoints for assessment were the mean absolute relative difference (MARD), the proportion of CGM values within ±20%/±20 mg/dL of reference values, and the percentage of paired points within Zones A and B of the consensus error grids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the cohort of 72 participants (287 sensors), the CGM system exhibited an overall MARD of 8.58%, with 96.59% of values within the ±20%/±20 mg/dL criteria. Comparative analysis revealed similar accuracy between arm (MARD: 8.58%; agreement: 97.03%) and abdomen (MARD: 8.58%; agreement: 96.16%) sensor placements. Throughout the 16-day wear period, the ±20%/±20 mg/dL agreement rates remained above 95%, with MARDs ranging from 8.30%-8.88%. Consensus error grid analysis showed 99.99% of points in Zones A and B. No serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The system demonstrated accurate glucose measurements across the 16-day wear period, irrespective of sensor placement site or glucose concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"848-857"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146028877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistent Benefit of Control-IQ+ Automated Insulin Delivery Across a Range of Characteristics of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Lakshmi G Singh, John W Lum, Lauren Kanapka, Jordan E Pinsker, Roy W Beck","doi":"10.1177/15209156261416920","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15209156261416920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the benefit of automated insulin delivery (AID) across a wide range of participant characteristics and evaluate whether there are any characteristics that can predict whether a patient is not likely to be a successful AID user.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2IQP randomized controlled trial that assessed AID using the t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ+ technology compared with a control group that continued their prestudy insulin delivery method and used continuous glucose monitoring over 13 weeks in 319 adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. The analyses evaluated participant characteristics associated with baseline HbA1c, glycemic outcomes according to participant characteristics, and characteristics of participants who discontinued AID prior to 13 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glycemic improvement with AID was observed across a wide range of participant characteristics, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, and baseline HbA1c, and was not dependent on prior insulin pump experience or knowledge of carbohydrate counting. Participants with the highest baseline HbA1c (≥9.0%) had the greatest improvement in HbA1c with AID compared with the control group (-2.3% ± 1.2% vs. -1.0% ± 1.1%). Nineteen (8.8%) participants in the AID group either dropped from the study or discontinued the AID system prior to 13 weeks. There was no clear pattern of characteristics that differentiated those who discontinued AID prior to 13 weeks and those who had AID active ≥90% of the time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The glycemic benefit of AID was observed across a wide range of participant characteristics. Furthermore, there were no identifiable characteristics that were associated with unsuccessful use of AID or a lack of beneficial glycemic response with AID. Therefore, AID should be a consideration for all adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"792-807"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146028784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}