Diabetes & Metabolism Journal最新文献

{"title":"Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Mijin Kim, Seung Chan Kim, Jinmi Kim, Bo Hyun Kim","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0105","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) given their extra-pancreatic effects. However, there are concerns about carcinogenesis in the pancreas and thyroid gland. We aimed to evaluate the site-specific incidence of cancer in patients with T2DM-treated GLP-1 RAs using a nationwide cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (between 2004 and 2021). The primary outcome was newly diagnosed cancer, and the median follow-up duration for all participants was 8 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After propensity score matching, 7,827 participants were analyzed; 2,609 individuals each were included in the GLP-1 RA, diabetes mellitus (DM) control, and non-DM control groups. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of subsequent cancer in patients with T2DM was 1.73, which was higher than that of individuals without DM, and it increased in both men and women. Analysis of patients with T2DM showed no increased cancer risk associated with the use of GLP-1 RA, and similar results were observed in both men and women. The IRRs of pancreatic cancer (0.74), thyroid cancer (1.32), and medullary thyroid cancer (0.34) did not significantly increase in the GLP-1 RA group compared with those in the DM control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a 73% higher risk of cancer in patients with T2DM compared with the general population. However, among patients with T2DM, there was no association between the use of GLP-1 RAs and new-onset cancers, including pancreatic and medullary thyroid cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":" ","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming β-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: CD36 Inhibition and Antioxidant System.","authors":"Il Rae Park, Yong Geun Chung, Kyu Chang Won","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0796","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is marked by chronic hyperglycemia, gradually worsening β-cell failure, and insulin resistance. Glucotoxicity and oxidative stress cause β-cell failure by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairing insulin secretion, and disrupting transcription factors such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MafA). Cluster determinant 36 (CD36), an essential glycoprotein responsible for fatty acid uptake, exacerbates oxidative stress and induces the apoptosis of β-cells under hyperglycemic conditions through pathways involving ceramide, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and Rac1-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-mediated redoxosome formation. Targeting CD36 pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Oral hypoglycemic agents, such as metformin, teneligliptin, and pioglitazone, have shown protective effects on β-cells by enhancing antioxidant defenses. These agents reduce glucotoxicity via mechanisms such as suppressing CD36 expression and stabilizing mitochondrial function. Additionally, novel insights into the glutathione antioxidant system and its role in β-cell survival underscore its therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the key contribution of oxidative stress and CD36 to β-cell impairment, the therapeutic promise of antioxidants, and the need for further research to apply these findings in clinical practice. Promising strategies targeting these mechanisms may help preserve β-cell function and slow T2DM progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big Data Research for Diabetes-Related Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database.","authors":"Kyung-Soo Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0780","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Korean National Health Information Database (NHID), which contains nationwide real-world claims data including sociodemographic data, health care utilization data, health screening data, and healthcare provider information, is a powerful resource to test various hypotheses. It is also longitudinal in nature due to the recommended health checkup every 2 years and is appropriate for long-term follow-up study as well as evaluating the relationships between health outcomes and changes in parameters such as lifestyle factors, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory results. However, because these data are not collected for research purposes, precise operational definitions of diseases are required to facilitate big data analysis using the Korean NHID. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the Korean NHID, operational definitions of diseases used for research related to diabetes, and introduce representative research for diabetes-related diseases using the Korean NHID.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Predicted Low-Glucose Suspend Pump Technology in the Prevention of Hypoglycemia in People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Real-World Data Using DIA:CONN G8.","authors":"Jee Hee Yoo, Ji Yoon Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0039","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the effectiveness of the predictive low-glucose suspend (PLGS) algorithm in the DIA:CONN G8. Forty people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who used a DIA:CONN G8 for at least 2 months with prior experience using pumps without and with PLGS were retrospectively analyzed. The objective was to assess the changes in time spent in hypoglycemia (percent of time below range [%TBR]) before and after using PLGS. The mean age, sensor glucose levels, glucose threshold for suspension, and suspension time were 31.1±22.8 years, 159.7±23.2 mg/dL, 81.1±9.1 mg/dL, and 111.9±79.8 min/day, respectively. Overnight %TBR <70 mg/dL was significantly reduced after using the algorithm (differences=0.3%, from 1.4%±1.5% to 1.1%±1.2%, P=0.045). The glycemia risk index (GRI) improved significantly by 4.2 (from 38.8±20.9 to 34.6±19.0, P=0.002). Using the PLGS did not result in a change in the hyperglycemia metric (all P>0.05). Our findings support the PLGS in DIA:CONN G8 as an effective algorithm to improve night-time hypoglycemia and GRI in people with T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":" ","pages":"144-149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142092525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.","authors":"Rosa Oh, Seohyun Kim, So Hyun Cho, Jiyoon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Gyuri Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0042","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>Given the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic risks, a new term, metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been proposed. We aimed to explore the association between MASLD and all-cause, cause-specific mortalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included individuals with steatotic liver disease (SLD) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Moreover, SLD was defined as a fatty liver index ≥30. Furthermore, MASLD, metabolic alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with metabolic dysfunction (MD) were categorized based on alcohol consumption and MD. We also analyzed all-cause, liver-, cancer-, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)- and cardiovascular (CV)-related mortalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This retrospective nationwide cohort study included 1,298,993 individuals aged 40 to 79 years for a mean follow-up duration of 9.04 years. The prevalence of MASLD, MetALD, and ALD with MD was 33.11%, 3.93%, and 1.00%, respectively. Relative to the \"no SLD\" group, multivariable analysis identified that MASLD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 1.31), MetALD (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.44), and ALD with MD group (aHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.68 to 1.93) have a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, MASLD, MetALD, ALD with MD groups showed higher liver-, cancer-, and HCC-related mortality than \"no SLD\" group. While all-cause specific mortalities increase from MASLD to MetALD to ALD with MD, the MetALD group shows a lower risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. However, ALD with MD group still have a higher risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause, liver-, cancer-, HCC-, and CV-related mortalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":" ","pages":"80-91"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142092526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea 2024.","authors":"Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji Yoon Kim, Kyuho Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Kyung Do Han, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0818","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2022) were analyzed to assess the prevalence, treatment, risk factors, and comorbidities of diabetes. Comparisons between young and older adults with diabetes were emphasized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among Korean adults aged ≥30 years, the prevalence of diabetes is 15.5% during 2021-2022. Of these, 74.7% were aware of their condition, 70.9% received antidiabetic treatment, and only 32.4% achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5%. Moreover, 15.9% met the integrated management targets, which included HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure <140/85 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. In young adults aged 19 to 39 years, the prevalence of diabetes was 2.2%. Among them, 43.3% were aware of their condition, 34.6% received treatment, and 29.6% achieved HbA1c <6.5%. Obesity affected 87.1%, and 26.9% had both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Among adults aged ≥65 years, the prevalence of diabetes was 29.3%, with awareness, treatment, and control rates of 78.8%, 75.7%, and 31.2%, respectively. Integrated management targets (HbA1c <7.5%, hypertension, and lipids) were achieved by 40.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diabetes mellitus remains highly prevalent among Korean adults, with significant gaps in integrated glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control. Older adults with diabetes show higher awareness and treatment rates but limited integrated management outcomes. Young adults with diabetes bear a significant burden of obesity and comorbidities, alongside low awareness and treatment rates. Therefore, early intervention programs, education, and strategies tailored to younger populations are urgently required.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"24-33"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Associations between Lipid Levels and Risk for Heart Failure according to Diabetes Progression.","authors":"Seung-Hwan Lee, Kyu Na Lee, Jong-Chan Youn, Hun Sung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0066","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>The relationship between circulating lipid levels and the risk for heart failure (HF) is controversial. We aimed to examine this association, and whether it is modified by the duration of diabetes or treatment regimens in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals (n=2,439,978) who underwent health examinations in 2015 to 2016 were identified from the Korean National Health Information Database. Subjects were categorized according to the duration of diabetes (new-onset, <5, 5-10, or ≥10 years) and number of antidiabetic medications. Incident HF was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code I50 as the primary diagnosis during hospitalization. The risk for HF was estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 151,624 cases of HF occurred. An inverse association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and incident HF was observed in the new-onset diabetes group, with an approximately 25% lower risk in those with LDL-C levels of 100-129, 130-159, and ≥160 mg/dL, compared to those with levels <70 mg/dL. However, J-shaped associations were noted in the long-standing diabetes group, with a 16% higher risk in those with LDL-C level ≥160 mg/dL, compared to those with levels <70 mg/dL. Similar patterns were observed in the relationship between total cholesterol or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk for HF, and when subjects were grouped according to the number of antidiabetic medications instead of diabetes duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different associations between lipid levels and the risk for HF were noted according to disease progression status among individuals with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":" ","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142092524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Potential Clinical Utility of Common Genetic Variants in Gestational Diabetes among Chinese Pregnant Women.","authors":"Claudia Ha-Ting Tam, Ying Wang, Chi Chiu Wang, Lai Yuk Yuen, Cadmon King-Poo Lim, Junhong Leng, Ling Wu, Alex Chi-Wai Ng, Yong Hou, Kit Ying Tsoi, Hui Wang, Risa Ozaki, Albert Martin Li, Qingqing Wang, Juliana Chung-Ngor Chan, Yan Chou Ye, Wing Hung Tam, Xilin Yang, Ronald Ching-Wan Ma","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0139","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 1.96), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":" ","pages":"128-143"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Differentiation of Endogenous Bone Marrow-Derived Cells into Insulin-Producing Cells Using Four Soluble Factors.","authors":"Seung-Ah Lee, Subin Kim, Seog-Young Kim, Jong Yoen Park, Hye Seung Jung, Sung Soo Chung, Kyong Soo Park","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0174","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four soluble factors-putrescine, glucosamine, nicotinamide, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor BP-1-102-were shown to differentiate bone marrow mononucleated cells (BMNCs) into functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in vitro. Transplantation of these IPCs improved hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. However, the role of endogenous BMNC regeneration in this effect was unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these factors on in vivo BMNC differentiation into IPCs in diabetic mice. Mice were orally administered the factors for 5 days, twice at 2-week intervals, and monitored for 45-55 days. Glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and pancreatic insulin content were measured. Chimeric mice harboring BMNCs from insulin promoter luciferase/green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were used to track endogenous BMNC fate. These factors lowered blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and enhanced insulin secretion. Immunostaining confirmed IPCs in the pancreas, showing the potential of these factors to induce β-cell regeneration and improve diabetes treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":" ","pages":"150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Association of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome with Cognitive Function: 12-Year Follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.","authors":"Yu Meng Tian, Wei Sen Zhang, Chao Qiang Jiang, Feng Zhu, Ya Li Jin, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Jiao Wang, Kar Keung Cheng, Tai Hing Lam, Lin Xu","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0117","DOIUrl":"10.4093/dmj.2024.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.</p>","PeriodicalId":11153,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolism Journal","volume":" ","pages":"60-79"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}