Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021最新文献

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Coupled Poroelastic Modeling to Characterize the 4.18-Magnitude Earthquake Due to Hydraulic Fracturing in the East Shale Basin of Western Canada 加拿大东部页岩盆地水力压裂4.18级地震的耦合孔隙弹性模拟
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203921-ms
Gang Hui, Shengnan Chen, F. Gu
{"title":"Coupled Poroelastic Modeling to Characterize the 4.18-Magnitude Earthquake Due to Hydraulic Fracturing in the East Shale Basin of Western Canada","authors":"Gang Hui, Shengnan Chen, F. Gu","doi":"10.2118/203921-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203921-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recently, the elevated levels of seismicity activities in Western Canada have been demonstrated to be linked to hydraulic fracturing operations that developed unconventional resources. The underlying triggering mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity are still uncertain. The interactions of well stimulation and geology-geomechanical-hydrological features need to be investigated comprehensively. The linear poroelasticity theory was utilized to guide coupled poroelastic modeling and to quantify the physical process during hydraulic fracturing. The integrated analysis is first conducted to characterize the mechanical features and fluid flow behavior. The finite-element simulation is then conducted by coupling Darcy's law and solid mechanics to quantify the perturbation of pore pressure and poroelastic stress in the seismogenic fault zone. Finally, the Mohr-coulomb failure criterion is utilized to determine the spatial-temporal faults activation and reveal the trigger mechanisms of induced earthquakes. The mitigation strategy was proposed accordingly to reduce the potential seismic hazards near this region. A case study of ML 4.18 earthquake in the East Shale Basin was utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the coupled modeling and numerical simulation. Results showed that one inferred fault cut through the Duvernay formation with the strike of NE20°. The fracture half-length of two wells owns an average value of 124 m. The brittleness index deriving from the velocity logging data was estimated to be a relatively higher value in the Duvernay formation, indicating a geomechanical bias of stimulated formation for the fault activation. The coupled poroelastic simulation was conducted, showing that the hydrologic connection between seismogenic faults and stimulated well was established by the end of the 38th stage completion for the east horizontal well. The simulated coulomb failure stress surrounding the fault reached a maximum of 4.15 MPa, exceeding the critical value to cause the fault slip. Hence the poroelastic effects on the inferred fault were responsible for the fault activation and triggered the subsequent ML 4.18 earthquake. It is essential to optimize the stimulation site selection near the existing faults to reduce risks of future seismic hazards near the East Shale Basin.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74851350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient Drill Sequence Optimization Using a Heuristic Priority Function 基于启发式优先级函数的高效钻序优化
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203986-ms
Zhenzhen Wang, Jincong He, Shusei Tanaka, X. Wen
{"title":"Efficient Drill Sequence Optimization Using a Heuristic Priority Function","authors":"Zhenzhen Wang, Jincong He, Shusei Tanaka, X. Wen","doi":"10.2118/203986-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203986-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drill sequence optimization is a common challenge faced in the oil and gas industry and yet it cannot be solved efficiently by existing optimization methods due to its unique features and constraints. For many fields, the drill queue is currently designed manually based on engineering heuristics. In this paper, a heuristic priority function is combined with traditional optimizers to boost the optimization efficiency at a lower computational cost to speed up the decision-making process.\u0000 The heuristic priority function is constructed to map the individual well properties such as well index and inter-well distance to the well priority values. As the name indicates, wells with higher priority values will be drilled earlier in the queue. The heuristic priority function is a comprehensive metric of inter-well communication & displacement efficiency. For example, injectors with fast support to producers or producers with a better chance to drain the unswept region tend to have high scores. It contains components that weigh the different properties of a well. These components are then optimized during the optimization process to generate the beneficial drill sequences. Embedded with reservoir engineering heuristics, the priority function helps the optimizer focus on exploring scenarios with promising outcomes.\u0000 The proposed heuristic priority function, combined with the Genetic Algorithm (GA), has been tested through drill sequence optimization problems for the Brugge field and Olympus field. Optimizations that are directly performed on the drill sequence are employed as reference cases. Different continu- ous/categorical parameterization schemes and various forms of heuristic priority functions are also investigated. Our exploration reveals that the heuristic priority function including well type, constraints, well index, distance to existing wells, and adjacent oil in place yields the best outcome. The proposed approach was able to achieve a better optimization starting point (∼5-18% improvement due to more reasonable drill sequence rather than random guess), a faster convergence rate (results stabilized at 12 vs. 30 iterations), and a lower computational cost (150-250 vs. 1,300 runs to achieve the same NPV) over the reference methods. Similar performance improvement was also observed in another application to a North Sea type reservoir. This demonstrated the general applicability of the proposed method.\u0000 The employment of the heuristic priority function improves the efficiency and reliability of drill sequence optimization compared to the traditional methods that directly optimize the sequence. It can be easily embedded in either commercial or research simulators as an independent module. In addition, it is also an automatic process that fits well with iterative optimization algorithms.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82153204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GEOSX: A Multiphysics, Multilevel Simulator Designed for Exascale Computing GEOSX:为百亿亿次计算设计的多物理场、多级别模拟器
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203932-ms
H. Gross, A. Mazuyer
{"title":"GEOSX: A Multiphysics, Multilevel Simulator Designed for Exascale Computing","authors":"H. Gross, A. Mazuyer","doi":"10.2118/203932-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203932-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Evaluating large basin-scale formations for CO2 sequestration is one of the most important challenges for our industry. The technical complexity and the quantification of risks associated with these operations call for new reservoir engineering and reservoir simulation tools. The impact of multiple coupled physical phenomena, the century timescale, and basin-sized models in these operations force us to completely take apart and revisit the numerical backbone of existing simulation tools. We need a reservoir simulation tool designed for scalability and portability on high-performance computing architectures.\u0000 To achieve this, we are proposing a new, open-source, multiphysics, and multilevel physics simulation tool called GEOSX. This tool is jointly created by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Stanford University, and Total. It is designed for scalability on multiple CPUs and multiple GPUs and offers a suite of physical solvers that can be extended easily while achieving a balance between performance and portability. GEOSX is initially targeting multiphysics simulations with coupled geomechanics, flow, and transport mechanics but with its open architecture, it allows access to high-performance physical solvers as building blocks of other multiphysics problems and provides users with a suite of tools for numerical optimization across platforms.\u0000 In this paper, we introduce GEOSX, expose its fundamental architecture principles, and show an example of geological sequestration of CO2 modeling on real data. We demonstrate our ability to simulate fluid and rock poromechanical interactions over long periods and basin-scale dimensions. GEOSX demonstrates its usefulness for such complex and large problems and proves to be scalable and portable across multiple high-performance systems.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80418444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of Supersonic Multiphase Gas Injection 超声速多相注气理论与数值研究
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203911-ms
Da Zhu, M. Sivagnanam, I. Gates
{"title":"Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of Supersonic Multiphase Gas Injection","authors":"Da Zhu, M. Sivagnanam, I. Gates","doi":"10.2118/203911-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203911-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Supersonic gas injection can help deliver gas uniformly to a reservoir, regardless of reservoir conditions. This technology has played a key role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and in particular, thermal enhanced oil recovery operations. Most previous studies have focused on single phase gas injection whereas in most field applications, multiphase and multicomponent situations occur.\u0000 In the research documented in this paper, we report on results of evaluations of compressible multiphase supersonic gas flows in which gas is the continuous phase is seeded with dispersed liquid droplets or solid particles. Theoretical derivation and numerical simulations with and without relative motions between continuous and disperse phases are examined first. The results illustrate that the shock wave structures and flow properties associated with the multiphase gas flows are different than that of single-phase isentropic flows. The existence and importance of relaxation zones after the normal shock wave in multiphase flow is described. Numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted to show how the multiphase multicomponent flow affects gas phase injection under different conditions. The impact of solid/liquid mass loading on flow performance is discussed. Finally, the practical application of the findings is discussed.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83744455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling Acid Fracturing Treatments with Multi-Stage Alternating Injection of Pad and Acid Fluids 多级交替注入垫层和酸液的酸压裂模拟
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203985-ms
Rencheng Dong, M. Wheeler, Hang Su, K. Ma
{"title":"Modeling Acid Fracturing Treatments with Multi-Stage Alternating Injection of Pad and Acid Fluids","authors":"Rencheng Dong, M. Wheeler, Hang Su, K. Ma","doi":"10.2118/203985-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203985-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Acid fracturing technique is widely applied to stimulate the productivity of carbonate reservoirs. The acid-fracture conductivity is created by non-uniform acid etching on fracture surfaces. Heterogeneous mineral distribution of carbonate reservoirs can lead to non-uniform acid etching during acid fracturing treatments. In addition, the non-uniform acid etching can be enhanced by the viscous fingering mechanism. For low-perm carbonate reservoirs, by multi-stage alternating injection of a low-viscosity acid and a high-viscosity polymer pad fluid during acid fracturing, the acid tends to form viscous fingers and etch fracture surfaces non-uniformly. To accurately predict the acid-fracture conductivity, this paper developed a 3D acid fracturing model to compute the rough acid fracture geometry induced by multi-stage alternating injection of pad and acid fluids. Based on the developed numerical simulator, we investigated the effects of viscous fingering, perforation design and stage period on the acid etching process. Compared with single-stage acid injection, multi-stage alternating injection of pad and acid fluids leads to narrower and longer acid-etched channels.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89130353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
History Matching Complex 3D Systems Using Deep-Learning-Based Surrogate Flow Modeling and CNN-PCA Geological Parameterization 基于深度学习的代理流建模和CNN-PCA地质参数化的复杂三维系统历史匹配
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203924-ms
Meng Tang, Yimin Liu, L. Durlofsky
{"title":"History Matching Complex 3D Systems Using Deep-Learning-Based Surrogate Flow Modeling and CNN-PCA Geological Parameterization","authors":"Meng Tang, Yimin Liu, L. Durlofsky","doi":"10.2118/203924-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203924-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of deep-learning-based procedures for geological parameterization and fast surrogate flow modeling may enable the application of rigorous history matching algorithms that were previously considered impractical. In this study we incorporate such methods – specifically a geological parameterization that entails principal component analysis combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN-PCA) and a flow surrogate that uses a recurrent residual-U-Net procedure – into three different history matching procedures. The history matching algorithms considered are rejection sampling (RS), randomized maximum likelihood with mesh adaptive direct search optimization (MADS-RML), and ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA). RS is a rigorous sampler used here to provide reference results (though it can become intractable in cases with large amounts of observed data). History matching is performed for a channelized geomodel defined on a grid containing 128,000 cells. The CNN-PCA representation of geological realizations involves 400 parameters, and these are the variables determined through history matching. All flow evaluations (after training) are performed using the recurrent residual-U-Net surrogate model. Two cases, involving different amounts of historical data, are considered. We show that both MADS-RML and ES-MDA provide history matching results in general agreement with those from RS. MADS-RML is more accurate, however, and ES-MDA can display significant error in some quantities. ES-MDA requires many fewer function evaluations than MADS-RML, however, so there is a tradeoff between computational demand and accuracy. The framework developed here could be used to evaluate and tune a range of history matching procedures beyond those considered in this work.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83482068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
INSIM-FPT-3D: A Data-Driven Model for History Matching, Water-Breakthrough Prediction and Well-Connectivity Characterization in Three-Dimensional Reservoirs INSIM-FPT-3D:一种数据驱动模型,用于三维油藏历史匹配、破水预测和井连通性表征
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203931-ms
Hui Zhao, Wei Liu, Xiang Rao, Guanglong Sheng, H. Li, Zhenyu Guo, Deng Liu, Lin Cao
{"title":"INSIM-FPT-3D: A Data-Driven Model for History Matching, Water-Breakthrough Prediction and Well-Connectivity Characterization in Three-Dimensional Reservoirs","authors":"Hui Zhao, Wei Liu, Xiang Rao, Guanglong Sheng, H. Li, Zhenyu Guo, Deng Liu, Lin Cao","doi":"10.2118/203931-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203931-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The data-driven interwell simulation model (INSIM) has been recognized as an effective tool for history matching and interwell-connectivity characterization of waterflooding reservoirs. INSIM-FT-3D (FT: front tracking) was recently developed to upgrade the applicationdimension of INSIM series data-driven models from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D). However, INSIM-FT-3D cannot accurately infer the dynamic change of well-connectivity and predict well's bottom-hole pressure (BHP). The main purpose of this study intends to expand the capability of INSIM-FT-3D to empower for the assimilation of BHPs, the reliable prediction of water breakthrough and the characterization of dynamic interwell-connectivities.\u0000 The default setting of well index (WI) in INSIM-FT-3D based on Peaceman's equation does not yield accurate BHP estimates. We derive a WI that can honor the BHPs of a reference model composed of a set of 1D connections. When history matching BHPs of a 3D reservoir, we show that the derived WI is a better initial guess than that obtained from Peaceman's equation. We also develop a flow-path-tracking (FPT) algorithm to calculate the dynamic interwell properties (allocation factors and pore volumes (PVs)). Besides, we discuss the relationship between the INSIM-family methods and the traditional grid-based methods, which indicates that the INSIM-family methods can calculate the transmissibility of the connection between coarse-scale cells in a more accurate manner. As an improvement of INSIM-FT-3D, the newly proposed data-driven model is denoted as INSIM-FPT-3D.\u0000 To verify the correctness of the derived WI, we present a 1D problem and a T-shaped synthetic reservoir simulation model as the reference models. BHPs and oil production rates are obtained as the observed data by running these two reference models with total injection/production-rate controls. An INSIM-FPT-3D model is created by specifying the transmissibilities and PVs that are the same as those in the reference model. By applying the derived WIs in INSIM-FPT-3D, the resulting BHPs and oil rates obtained agree well with the reference model without further model calibration. Applying INSIM-FPT-3D to a synthetic multi-layered reservoir shows that we obtain a reasonable match of both BHPs and oil rates with INSIM-FPT-3D. Compared with the FrontSim model, the INSIM-FPT-3D model after history matching is shown to match the dynamic PVs from FrontSim reasonably well and can correctly predict the timing of water breakthrough.\u0000 By allowing for the assimilation of BHP data, we enable INSIM-FPT-3D to history match a green field with limited production history and forecast the timing of water breakthrough. The improved INSIM-FPT-3D leads to more accurate characterization of the interwell connectivities.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83747618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Intelligent Time-Stepping for Practical Numerical Simulation 实用数值模拟的智能时间步进
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/204002-ms
Soham Sheth, François McKee, K. Neylon, Ghazala Fazil
{"title":"Intelligent Time-Stepping for Practical Numerical Simulation","authors":"Soham Sheth, François McKee, K. Neylon, Ghazala Fazil","doi":"10.2118/204002-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/204002-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We present a novel reservoir simulator time-step selection approach which uses machine-learning (ML) techniques to analyze the mathematical and physical state of the system and predict time-step sizes which are large while still being efficient to solve, thus making the simulation faster. An optimal time-step choice avoids wasted non-linear and linear equation set-up work when the time-step is too small and avoids highly non-linear systems that take many iterations to solve.\u0000 Typical time-step selectors use a limited set of features to heuristically predict the size of the next time-step. While they have been effective for simple simulation models, as model complexity increases, there is an increasing need for robust data-driven time-step selection algorithms. We propose two workflows – static and dynamic – that use a diverse set of physical (e.g., well data) and mathematical (e.g., CFL) features to build a predictive ML model. This can be pre-trained or dynamically trained to generate an inference model. The trained model can also be reinforced as new data becomes available and efficiently used for transfer learning.\u0000 We present the application of these workflows in a commercial reservoir simulator using distinct types of simulation model including black oil, compositional and thermal steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). We have found that history-match and uncertainty/optimization studies benefit most from the static approach while the dynamic approach produces optimum step-sizes for prediction studies. We use a confidence monitor to manage the ML time-step selector at runtime. If the confidence level falls below a threshold, we switch to traditional heuristic method for that time-step. This avoids any degradation in the performance when the model features are outside the training space. Application to several complex cases, including a large field study, shows a significant speedup for single simulations and even better results for multiple simulations. We demonstrate that any simulation can take advantage of the stored state of the trained model and even augment it when new situations are encountered, so the system becomes more effective as it is exposed to more data.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82812519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Comparison of Various Discretization Schemes for Simulation of Large Field Case Reservoirs Using Unstructured Grids 非结构网格模拟大型油藏离散化方案的比较
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203949-ms
Samier Pierre, Raguenel Margaux, Darche Gilles
{"title":"Comparison of Various Discretization Schemes for Simulation of Large Field Case Reservoirs Using Unstructured Grids","authors":"Samier Pierre, Raguenel Margaux, Darche Gilles","doi":"10.2118/203949-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203949-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Solving the equations governing multiphase flow in geological formations involves the generation of a mesh that faithfully represents the structure of the porous medium. This challenging mesh generation task can be greatly simplified by the use of unstructured (tetrahedral) grids that conform to the complex geometric features present in the subsurface. However, running a million-cell simulation problem using an unstructured grid on a real, faulted field case remains a challenge for two main reasons. First, the workflow typically used to construct and run the simulation problems has been developed for structured grids and needs to be adapted to the unstructured case. Second, the use of unstructured grids that do not satisfy the K-orthogonality property may require advanced numerical schemes that preserve the accuracy of the results and reduce potential grid orientation effects. These two challenges are at the center of the present paper. We describe in detail the steps of our workflow to prepare and run a large-scale unstructured simulation of a real field case with faults. We perform the simulation using four different discretization schemes, including the cell-centered Two-Point and Multi-Point Flux Approximation (respectively, TPFA and MPFA) schemes, the cell- and vertex-centered Vertex Approximate Gradient (VAG) scheme, and the cell- and face-centered hybrid Mimetic Finite Difference (MFD) scheme. We compare the results in terms of accuracy, robustness, and computational cost to determine which scheme offers the best compromise for the test case considered here.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87880389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unified Reservoir And Seismic Simulation With Explicit Representation Of Fractures And Faults 裂缝和断层明确表示的统一储层和地震模拟
Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.2118/203979-ms
Z. Han, G. Ren, R. Younis
{"title":"Unified Reservoir And Seismic Simulation With Explicit Representation Of Fractures And Faults","authors":"Z. Han, G. Ren, R. Younis","doi":"10.2118/203979-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/203979-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the context of remote sensing, the vast disparity in characteristic scales between seismic deformation (e.g. milliseconds) and transient flow (e.g. hours) allows a \"two-model paradigm\" for geophysics and reservoir simulation. In the context of flow-induced geohazard risk mitigation and micro-seismic data integration, this paradigm breaks down. Under micro-seismic deformation, events occur with high-frequency, and over sustained duration during which the rock-fluid coupling is significant. In risk mitigation scenarios, the onset of seismic deformation is directly tied to quasi-static coupling periods. This work develops an approach to reservoir simulation modeling that allows simultaneous resolution of transient (inertial) poromechanics and multiphase fluid flow in the presence of fracture.\u0000 A mixed discretization scheme combining the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) is extended using a second-order implicit Newmark time integration scheme for the inertial mechanics. A Lagrange multiplier method is developed to model pressure-dependent contact traction in fractures. The contact constraints are adapted to accommodate fracture opening. Slip-weakening fracture friction models are incorporated. Finally, a time-step controller is proposed to combine local discretization error with contact traction and slip-rate control along the fractures. This strategy allows automatic adaptation to resolve quasi-static, inter-seismic triggering, and co-seismic spontaneous rupture periods within one model. The model is verified to simulate complete induced earthquake sequences, including inter-seismic and dynamic rupture phases. The performance of the adaptive model is illustrated for cases with various set-ups of production and injection periods in a fractured reservoir with explicit fracture representation.","PeriodicalId":11146,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 26, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88008433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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