裂缝和断层明确表示的统一储层和地震模拟

Z. Han, G. Ren, R. Younis
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在遥感的背景下,地震变形(例如毫秒)和瞬态流动(例如小时)之间的特征尺度的巨大差异允许地球物理和油藏模拟的“双模型范式”。在流动诱发的地质灾害风险缓解和微地震数据整合的背景下,这种模式被打破了。在微震变形下,事件发生频率高,持续时间长,岩石-流体耦合显著。在风险缓解情景中,地震变形的发生与准静态耦合期直接相关。这项工作开发了一种储层模拟建模方法,可以同时解析裂缝存在时的瞬态(惯性)孔隙力学和多相流体流动。采用二阶隐式Newmark时间积分格式,将扩展有限元法(XFEM)与嵌入式离散断裂模型(EDFM)相结合的混合离散化方案扩展到惯性力学中。建立了拉格朗日乘数法来模拟裂缝中压力相关的接触牵引力。接触约束被调整以适应裂缝开口。引入滑移弱化断裂摩擦模型。最后,提出了一种结合局部离散误差、接触牵引力和沿裂缝滑移率控制的时间步长控制器。该策略允许在一个模型内自动适应解决准静态、地震间触发和同震自发破裂期。经验证,该模型可以模拟完整的诱发地震序列,包括震间阶段和动态破裂阶段。在具有明确裂缝表示的裂缝性油藏中,采用不同的生产和注入周期,说明了自适应模型的性能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unified Reservoir And Seismic Simulation With Explicit Representation Of Fractures And Faults
In the context of remote sensing, the vast disparity in characteristic scales between seismic deformation (e.g. milliseconds) and transient flow (e.g. hours) allows a "two-model paradigm" for geophysics and reservoir simulation. In the context of flow-induced geohazard risk mitigation and micro-seismic data integration, this paradigm breaks down. Under micro-seismic deformation, events occur with high-frequency, and over sustained duration during which the rock-fluid coupling is significant. In risk mitigation scenarios, the onset of seismic deformation is directly tied to quasi-static coupling periods. This work develops an approach to reservoir simulation modeling that allows simultaneous resolution of transient (inertial) poromechanics and multiphase fluid flow in the presence of fracture. A mixed discretization scheme combining the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) is extended using a second-order implicit Newmark time integration scheme for the inertial mechanics. A Lagrange multiplier method is developed to model pressure-dependent contact traction in fractures. The contact constraints are adapted to accommodate fracture opening. Slip-weakening fracture friction models are incorporated. Finally, a time-step controller is proposed to combine local discretization error with contact traction and slip-rate control along the fractures. This strategy allows automatic adaptation to resolve quasi-static, inter-seismic triggering, and co-seismic spontaneous rupture periods within one model. The model is verified to simulate complete induced earthquake sequences, including inter-seismic and dynamic rupture phases. The performance of the adaptive model is illustrated for cases with various set-ups of production and injection periods in a fractured reservoir with explicit fracture representation.
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