K. Crozier, A. Sundaramurthy, D. A. Fletcher, G. Kino, C. Quate
{"title":"Nearfield optics with solid immersion lenses and sharp metal probes","authors":"K. Crozier, A. Sundaramurthy, D. A. Fletcher, G. Kino, C. Quate","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966474","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss two methods for achieving optical resolution beyond the diffraction limit in air. The first method, the solid immersion lens (SIL), improves optical resolution by increasing the numerical aperture (NA) beyond 1.0, the usual limit in air, to a maximum of n, the refractive index of the SIL. We present experimental results with a scanning optical microscope (/spl lambda/=400 nm) based on a micromachined silicon nitride SIL that demonstrates optical resolution /spl sim/1.9 times better with the SIL than without. Specifically, the microfabricated silicon nitride SIL improves the optical edge response from /spl sim/190 nm to /spl sim/100 nm. The second method for improving resolution is based on the strongly enhanced electric field at the surface of a nanoparticle illuminated with light whose wavelength corresponds to the particle's plasmon resonance. We present finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculations showing that the electric field intensity at the sharp apex of a triangular nanoparticle is enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude over the incident intensity in a very small region (< 10 nm).","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117277381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Logic devices for partitioned quantum-dot cells","authors":"D. P. Kelly, J. Lusth","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966451","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum-dot cellular automata are a method of computation using a small number of electrons. This paper explores the use of quantum-dot cellular automata as logic devices and proposes a way to increase the reliability of these devices. By manipulating their architecture, the energy difference between the ground state and the first excited state can be increased. A larger difference allows for higher operating temperatures at the same reliability level or increased reliability at lower temperatures. The architectural changes explored in this paper include limiting the number of quantum dots accessible by an electron within a cell and the addition of a secondary layer of quantum-dot cells.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127092602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jm Kim, J. Son, H. Yoon, J.-Y. Seo, Seung-Yeop Yoo, H. Shin, Eunmi Park, J. Kim, Yongbeom Kwon
{"title":"Characteristics of dendrimer functionalized with azobenzene for the application to nano-level photo-switching device","authors":"Jm Kim, J. Son, H. Yoon, J.-Y. Seo, Seung-Yeop Yoo, H. Shin, Eunmi Park, J. Kim, Yongbeom Kwon","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966416","url":null,"abstract":"If we can make characterization of nano-structure with functionality, the molecular level device will be obtained. The dendrimer has been well known as a promising macromolecules for a building the organized nanostructure, which of the size can be controlled and which of periphery can be terminated by various functionalities. In this study, we synthesized dendrimers containing light switchable units, azobenzene group. Their chemical structure was verified by using NMR study and UV spectroscopy. To apply to the molecular level switching device or data storage system using Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) film, we firstly investigated the monolayer behavior using /spl pi/-A isotherm at air/water interface. And then the surface pressure shift of monolayer by light irradiation was also measured. As a result, the monolayer of dendrimer with azobenzene group showed the reversible photo-switching behavior by the isomerization of azobenzene group in their periphery. This result strongly suggests that a dendrimer with azobenzene group can be applied to high efficient photo-switching device of molecular level.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122051938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical transmission/fluorescence reaction and features in ultra-thin dye films by scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopes (SNOM/AFM)","authors":"H. Shin, S. Chang, Jm Kim, H. Muramatsu, Y. Kwon","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966437","url":null,"abstract":"We will illustrate the topographical structure and optical structure of the merocyanine dye LB films obtained by the scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy (SNOM/AFM). In the topographic image of the mutual mixed LB film shows more rough surface structure than that of our expectation, and is grained with average size about 50 nm. In the optical transmission and fluorescence image, the elevated area means higher transmission than lower parts. In the continuous measurement on these dyes and the mutual mixed films, the appearance of near-field optical transmission images showed a certain dependence on the kinds of dyes with shift and increase of transmission and the mutual mixing ratios of dyes. These experimental results suggest that there is a certain kind of interaction between these two dyes. This suggests also that the J-aggregate formation and fluorescence change are affected by the domain shape and excitation laser.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129433053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Simmons, S. R. Schofield, J. O'Brien, N. Curson, R. G. Clark, T. M. Buehler, R. P. McKinnon, R. Brenner, D. Reilly, A. Dzurak, A. Hamilton
{"title":"The atomic fabrication of a silicon based quantum computer","authors":"M. Simmons, S. R. Schofield, J. O'Brien, N. Curson, R. G. Clark, T. M. Buehler, R. P. McKinnon, R. Brenner, D. Reilly, A. Dzurak, A. Hamilton","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966469","url":null,"abstract":"Presents recent results on two different approaches to realize a solid-state quantum computer based in silicon, using phosphorus atoms as qubits. In the first approach the device is built from the 'bottomup' using a combination of atomic lithography with a scanning tunneling microscope and high quality silicon epitaxial growth using molecular beam epitaxy. In the second approach ion implantation is used to implant the phosphorus atoms from the 'top-down'. In both cases surface control electrodes are fabricated by conventional electron beam lithography. Techniques for qubit read-out utilising coincidence measurements on twin single electron transistors are also presented.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123969709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanolevel structuring - the way to the designing of novel functional solids and materials","authors":"V. Smirnov, V. B. Aleskovskii","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966457","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical and experimental basis was found for the conditions of the synthesis of the new class of highly organized composite materials, so called, nanostructured materials. Due to the investigations of nanostructured sorption material, magnetic substance, as well as metallic composite material on the basis of iron and reinforced by regulating carbide frame the increased functional properties of the given above materials have been obtained.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124072933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Johnson, A. Hsaio, C. Ashe, D. Laughlin, D. Lambeth, M. McHenry, L. Varga
{"title":"Magnetic nanocomposite materials for high temperature applications","authors":"F. Johnson, A. Hsaio, C. Ashe, D. Laughlin, D. Lambeth, M. McHenry, L. Varga","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966382","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic nanocomposites comprised of nano-sized magnetic crystals embedded in an amorphous matrix have been shown to have excellent soft magnetic properties. In particular, amorphous and nanocrystalline materials have been investigated for various soft magnetic applications including transformers and inductive devices. The historical development of nanocomposite soft magnetic materials will be reviewed. In these materials it has been determined that an important averaging of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy over many grains coupled within an exchange length is at the root of the magnetic softness of these materials. The crystallization kinetics and the chemical partitioning occurring during crystallization will be described. In particular, the role of the amorphous phase in exchange coupling magnetic nanoparticles at elevated temperatures will be discussed. In HITPERM nanocomposites, developed by our group, nanocrystalline /spl alpha/ and /spl alpha/\"(B2)-FeCo are formed with significantly improved high temperature magnetic properties than in it's predecessors, NANOPERM and FINEMET. HITPERM has been developed for applications with high permeability requirements and with needs for large inductions at high temperatures. Recent work in characterizing the performance of HITPERM magnetic nanocomposite systems will be described. Specifically we have developed soft magnetic alloys that exhibit high magnetic induction at temperatures above current operating ranges for commercial devices. The applications for this material in high frequency (up to 1MHz) inductive devices for high temperature power electronics will be reviewed.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134039693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of KOH wet etching process in silicon nanofabrication","authors":"J. Sheu, K. You, C.H. Wu, K. Chang","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966421","url":null,"abstract":"The simple wet etching process for nanostructure formation seems straightforward. But, how far the wet etching process can be pushed so that it is applicable in silicon nanodevices and silicon nanostructure applications. In terms of surface roughness and achievable feature size, the impact of aqueous KOH wet etching temperature was studied for nanostructure formation with [110] silicon wafer. The grid-line patterns are generated by scanning probe lithography (SPL), which applied a bias between the tip and the [110]-oriented silicon wafer that results in an oxide hard mask for subsequent orientation-dependent etching (ODE) process. The etching rate is theoretically proportional to temperature the higher the temperature the higher the etching rate, whilst the surface roughness and the nanostructures morphology deteriorated. Owing to the etching selectivity of [111]-plane/oxide decreases as the etching temperature increases, it is found that the line-width of 20 nm nanostructure can be formed at 50/spl deg/C but with poor surface roughness morphology. For the same etching depth, when the temperature changes from 50/spl deg/C to 30/spl deg/C the linewidth of nanostructure increases from 29 nm up to 67 nm, but surface roughness decreases from 32 nm to 3.8 nm. It is also found that the additional agitation by ultrasonic cleaner can speed up mass transfer of chemical reactants on surface of [110]-plane such that the surface roughness and morphology are further improved. We have demonstrated that: First, the optimization linewidth of the silicon nanofabrication can be reduced down to 20 nm by using higher aqueous temperature than 30/spl deg/C and ODE technique with ultrasonic agitation. Second, the surface roughness of the wet etching with ultrasonic agitation is 3.282 nm which is comparable to that of dry etching (Rq = 2.101 nm) at the temperature 30/spl deg/C.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133342403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital to analog conversion performed in single electron technology","authors":"C. Lageweg, S. Cotofana, S. Vassiliadis","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966402","url":null,"abstract":"Investigates SET devices from the logic design perspective, using the SET tunnel junction's ability to control the transport of individual electrons. We introduce a modified turnstile circuit with clock and enable control signals, which has built-in memory and reset functionality. Using the modified turnstile circuit as a building block, we propose a scheme for an n-input digital to analog converter. We demonstrate the scheme by implementing and simulating a 3-bit digital to analog converter.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133763643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Cho, K. Matsuura, S. Kazuta, H. Odagawa, K. Terabe, K. Kitarnura
{"title":"Nano domain engineering using scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy","authors":"Y. Cho, K. Matsuura, S. Kazuta, H. Odagawa, K. Terabe, K. Kitarnura","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2001.966447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2001.966447","url":null,"abstract":"Scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM) is the first successful purely electrical method for observing ferroelectric domains. Its resolution has now reached the sub-nanometer order. In this paper, a fundamental study on application of the SNDM system to a ferroelectric reading and writing system is performed. First, to check the performance of the SNDM system as a ferroelectric recording system, we conduct a fundamental study on the writing of a domain inversion dot in a PZT thin film and succeed in achieving very small domain dots with a size of 25 nm. Next, we form small inverted domain dots in stoichiometric LiTaO/sub 3/ single crystals for the purpose of a basic investigation of domain dynamics in a very small area. The relationship between the voltage for domain reversal and the inverted area and the relationship between the inverted domain area and the voltage application time are obtained.","PeriodicalId":111348,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE-NANO 2001 (Cat. No.01EX516)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115394497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}