{"title":"E-Marketing as a Tool to Achieve Competitiveness in Travel Trade Industry","authors":"Himanshu Malik, Minky Sharma","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH017","url":null,"abstract":"E-marketing allows one to do business by using online sources. This internet source is also helping the travel and trade industries in getting the growth in their business or if the business man of small-scale industries were made aware of this then they can achieve much more in their travelling business along with the valuable customers. The chapter aims at identifying components of e-marketing that provide competitiveness in travel trade industry and address the use of e-marketing components that provide competitiveness in travel and tour industries.","PeriodicalId":111346,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115958016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role, Rules, and Regulations for Global Medical Tourism Facilitators","authors":"Anita Medhekar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH006","url":null,"abstract":"Global medical travel has transformed medical travel/tourism facilitator's role, making it more sophisticated and globally competitive with their presence on the internet, and providing medical tourism packages catering to patient-centered healthcare needs. The important role played by medical tourism facilitators cannot be ignored along with rules and regulations required to accredit these medical travel companies. They act as mediators between the potential patients and the private healthcare providers, physicians in the global medical tourism supply chain, along with airlines and hotel, thus, reducing a medical traveler's worries regarding surgery abroad. Facilitators assist the potential medical tourists to plan and make healthcare decisions for travelling abroad, choosing and matching the patient with the specialty hospital for surgery, country and making all travel, accommodation and visa arrangements prior to travel, coordination between doctor and patient, personal nursing attendant, follow-up care and possibility of sightseeing, rest and recovery at the host-country of treatment. Thus, the chapter examines the reasons for the growth of global healthcare through medical travel/tourism in developing countries such as India, Thailand, Mexico, Poland and Malaysia and identifies the role, rules and regulations required for accredited medical tourism facilitators to connect patients with the healthcare providers in various countries to meet specific healthcare needs.","PeriodicalId":111346,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126818420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Idiosyncratic Deals and Organizational Performance","authors":"M. C. Dhiman, Anastasia A. Katou","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating mechanism of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) content (e.g., task, career, flexibility) in the relationship between core self-evaluations - CSE (e.g., efficacy, esteem, stability, locus of control), employee outcomes (e.g., motivation, commitment, work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior), and the mediating mechanism of employee outcomes in the relationship between i-deals and organizational performance (e.g., productivity, growth, creativity). The hypotheses of the study were tested with the application of structural equation modelling on data collected from 141 employees working in 17 companies operating in the Indian travel intermediaries industry. The findings show that i-deals content positively and partially mediate the relationship between CSE and employee outcomes, and employee outcomes positively and fully mediate the relationship between i-deals content and organizational performance. Implications of the findings for both research and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":111346,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133416725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perception of Inbound Tour Operators of India Towards Marketing Strategies of Ministry of Tourism","authors":"S. S. Boora, Kusum, Megha Gupta","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH011","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in travel frequency at global level, destinations compete with each other to attract tourists. The tourists have a vast array of destinations to choose from. The destinations compete at global as well as regional level. These developments in tourism bring forth the importance of marketing for a destination. The destination marketing is generally undertaken by destination marketing organizations (DMOs) which operate at national, regional as well as local level in a country. In context of India, MOT (Ministry of Tourism, Government of India) undertakes the role of a DMO and is responsible for formulation and implementation of marketing strategies to promote India as a destination at global level. Further, it is imperative to understand the perception of other stakeholder about the marketing strategies of MOT in order to recognize the effectiveness of its marketing efforts. Being co-creator of destination image, inbound tour operators are considered as the key stakeholders at the destination. The objective of this chapter is to understand the perception Indian inbound tour operators towards the marketing strategies carried out by MOT. The data for the study was collected through structured questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that inbound tour operators perceived marketing plans adopted by Ministry of tourism were effective to position India as a tourist destination at global level. At planning stage of strategy making for promoting India as tourist destination, MOT does not seek the opinion of inbound tour operators. It is suggested that MOT should involve inbound tour operators for drawing the marketing strategies for India as they are key seller for the tourism product.","PeriodicalId":111346,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123354031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Consumer-Generated Content (CGC) on Travel-Related Decisions","authors":"Ankush Ambardar, Himanshu Malik","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH015","url":null,"abstract":"While online portals have improved accessibility of resources and information to potential travelers and tourists, there is less existing literature about the impact of consumer-generated content on travel decisions. The chapter has analyzed the factors of motivation for creating, accessing, and using consumer-generated content in order to have a better planned travel decision, which results in a memorable trip. The research resulted in ranking the factors of motivation for creating, accessing, and using consumer-generated content in order to identify the need of today's traveler.","PeriodicalId":111346,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121207811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategic Analysis of the Contemporary Tour Operation Industry","authors":"Zibanai Zhou","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH010","url":null,"abstract":"Tour operators and travel agencies are the fulcrum of the tour operation industry given their eminent role in the tour operation sector value chain. This chapter addresses an underrepresentation in the current tour operation discourse in the period post WW2. To put the matter into context, at the global stage, fundamental changes have occurred since the end of WW2, notably political cum socio-economic and demographic shifts, advances in education, and increases in per capita income due to dual family income among a raft of other variables. These have arguably boosted demand for packaged tour holiday. However, in spite of the highly fluid environment, there is little academic research on emerging economic jurisdictions in the TO and TAs sub-sectors' strategic intent in light of such profound developments. Very few researches have attempted to interrogate these pertinent issues in the context of emerging markets` view point. This chapter seeks to bridge this gap by analyzing how these fundamentals have informed and redefined the contours of the TO and TAs landscape. The chapter lays claim on and envisages to make theoretical contribution by advancing the frontiers of knowledge in the following specific domains of multi-destination theory, TO and TAs product development, population demographics, TO and TAs work ethic, and TO and TAs commitment to environment protection philosophy which have been understudied in the contemporary travel and tourism literature discourse.","PeriodicalId":111346,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127350358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Travel Agencies and Tour Operators at KidZania","authors":"H. Séraphin, Frédéric Dosquet","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"The role of tour operators (TOs) and travel agents (TAs) are putting together transport, events, attractions, accommodation and food / drink into a package and are then selling them to customers. The authors introduce in this chapter a new marketing strategy for TOs and TAs, as there is fierce competition in the retail environment. The approach offers an alternative to the existing marketing and distribution channel in the industry. The KidZania concept in itself is very strong from a marketing point of view due to its high capacity to convince customers. Also, with KidZania, TOs and TAs have an opportunity to ‘breed' ethical tourists, that is to say, tourists that respect their host, their environment, and culture. That said, the KidZania model could be said to be a form of manipulation of emotions, by pushing the children to behave and consume the way we would like them to.","PeriodicalId":111346,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127824333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Public and Private Sector for Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality Business Development in Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Takele","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.CH013","url":null,"abstract":"In order to achieve the objective of the study, both primary and secondary data were generated by employing qualitative (using group discussion, in depth interview, and observation) and quantitative (mainly using survey and visitor survey questionnaires) methods. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select both private and public tourism sectors and 80 samples, respectively. The quantitative data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean when appropriate while qualitative data was used to triangulate and substantiate the study. The finding result shows the visitor experience on the area of transportation and accommodation is the area where Addis Ababa falls far behind. There are several areas of poor performance (supported by both visitor questionnaires during the preparation of this study). Overall, the analysis identified that the industry (the role of public and private sector for sustainable tourism development in Ethiopia) is underperforming relative to the tremendous potential value to fasten for a tourism industry in the country.","PeriodicalId":111346,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132840016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}