Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Changing marine biosphere in the West Pacific Ocean","authors":"Hong G, Zuo F, Qin K","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2024.105357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2024.105357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 105357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139104063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic characterization of fish and macroplankton communities in the seychelles-chagos thermocline ridge of the southwest Indian ocean","authors":"Myounghee Kang ,&nbsp;Sunyoung Oh ,&nbsp;Wooseok Oh ,&nbsp;Dong-Jin Kang ,&nbsp;SungHyun Nam ,&nbsp;Kyounghoon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we describe the dynamics of the sound scattering layers (SSLs), particularly those of fish and macroplankton communities in the epipelagic layer, in the Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR) of the southwest Indian Ocean using hydroacoustic data, net sampling, and oceanographic information. Overall, the acoustic backscattering values of the fish community were considerably higher than those of the macroplankton. Both communities were more densely distributed in the SCTR than in its surrounding region. On the vertical profile, the acoustic peak of the fish community was at 17 m during the day; however, considerably high values of up to 82 m were observed at night. Below 26 m, macroplankton was seldom found, regardless of the time. Hydrographic properties, such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll fluorescence, in the SCTR, were similar; however, an area at 5–8°S, 67°E was cooler, saltier, and had slightly lower DO. Weak or moderate positive correlations were observed between acoustic and hydrographic features. Based on all net samples, the most abundant taxon in terms of the total number of samples was found to be krill (<em>Euphausiacea</em>, 81%), followed by lantern fish (<em>Myctophum punctatum</em>, 12%). Understanding the dynamics of SSLs, particularly epipelagic organisms, will help to better clarify the important ecological roles of these organisms and their ability to facilitate vertical incorporation into marine food webs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064523001066/pdfft?md5=d961a1d4648ad011bd5cba3a7384fe79&pid=1-s2.0-S0967064523001066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of subsurface instabilities for increasing chlorophyll concentrations in a warming southern Indian ocean","authors":"Yi Xu ,&nbsp;Ying Wu ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A warming climate is expected to intensify the stratification of the upper ocean in tropical and subtropical regions, which in turn results in decreases in the primary productivity for these oligotrophic areas. To assess if there is trended change in primary productivity in the southern Indian Ocean (IO) with known striking temperature increase, we use 17-years of satellite chlorophyll (Chl) data and model output to examine the trended changes in Chl. The results exhibited a surprisingly increase in Chl concentrations in part of the southern IO over the gyre area. To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying this Chl increase, we used temperature/salinity observations to re-evaluate stratification in the southern IO. The southern IO experienced basin-wide surface warming over the time series however there was a region of subsurface cooling at 50–100 m around 10°S. In the subtropical IO gyre, subsurface warming occurs at faster rates compare to the surface. Through the calculation of buoyancy frequency (<span><math><mrow><msup><mi>N</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>), we have confirmed the presence of subsurface instabilities caused by these inhomogeneous trends in the vertical thermohaline structure. This was particularly true over the southern IO gyre, which experienced sustained increase of surface mixing disturbances over the last decade—resulting in a more favorable environment for vertical transport of nutrients into the euphotic zone. A mixed layer nutrient budget analysis suggested that entrainment due to mixed layer deepening is crucial in delivering nutrients into the gyre's upper mixed layer, which fueled phytoplankton activity. This emphasizes the importance of considering subsurface instabilities when interpreting the factors that influence surface Chl variabilities. This study highlights the importance of a three-dimensional framework for examining stratification to assess future marine ecosystem responses to a changing climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064523001054/pdfft?md5=5eab838ebc302fe0315c058764387acc&pid=1-s2.0-S0967064523001054-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of ocean environmental variables and their variations associated with major Loop Current eddy-shedding events in the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Nazanin Chaichitehrani,&nbsp;Ruoying He","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The eddy kinetic energy (EKE) variability associated with 26 major Loop Current eddies (LCEs) in the Gulf of Mexico from 1994 through 2019 was investigated. We employed 3D multivariate observation-based ARMOR3D monthly ocean analyses of salinity, temperature, and geostrophic velocity field data. In addition, we used ERA5 wind data, the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric global climate reanalysis, to analyze internal and external forcing processes affecting the evolution of these LCEs. The energy analysis was performed to understand the role of barotropic (BT) and baroclinic (BC) instabilities and their associated energy conversion mechanisms in EKE generation. Our results suggest that BT instabilities are the primary source of EKE variability in the upper water column of the LC system. Furthermore, BT was positively correlated with Yucatan Channel (YC) transport during these major LCE shedding events. YC transport plays a significant role in energy conversion from mean kinetic energy to EKE, Loop Current growth, and generation of LCEs. BC instability was inversely correlated with buoyancy frequency, and a decrease in stratification triggers the development of BC instability, which favors eddy shedding. An eddy shedding index (ESI) was developed to quantify EKE evolution. Major LCE shedding occurs when ESI ≥0.46.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064523001042/pdfft?md5=b1dce769738c3586c08cdbe69506b447&pid=1-s2.0-S0967064523001042-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138690385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variations of sinking velocities in Austral diatom blooms: Lessons learned from COMICS","authors":"M. Villa-Alfageme ,&nbsp;N. Briggs ,&nbsp;E. Ceballos-Romero ,&nbsp;F. de Soto ,&nbsp;C. Manno ,&nbsp;S.L.C. Giering","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sinking velocity (SV) of organic particles is a critical driver of carbon transport to the deep sea. Accurate determination of marine particle SV and their influencing factors is therefore a key to better understanding of biological carbon storage in the ocean. We used two different approaches to estimate average SVs of particles during a Southern Ocean spring bloom (North of South Georgia): optical backscatter sensors on gliders (“large”, &gt;50 μm diameter), and radioactive pairs (²³⁴Th–²³⁸U and ²¹⁰Po-²¹⁰Pb). Our results were complemented with time-of flight estimations of bulk SVs from deep sediment traps deployed at 1950 m.</p><p>Bulk SVs increased consistently with depth from 15 ± 1 m d⁻¹ at 10 m to 50 ± 10 m d⁻¹ at the depth of export (Z_p = 95 m) and from 96 ± 35 m d⁻¹ at 150 m to 119 ± m d⁻¹ at 450 m. Only the fastest particles, mainly comprised by faecal pellets (FPs) and diatom aggregates, survived remineralization and dominated carbon fluxes at deep depth.</p><p>The SV variability at the base of the Euphotic Zone was studied in relation to the stage of the bloom by analysing three different moments of the spring diatom bloom in the region during the years 2012, 2013 and 2017. The export efficiency (<em>ExpEff)</em>, defined as the ratio POC flux exported below the Euphotic Zone to the satellite derived surface NPP, was also evaluated. It was found from the temporal series that <em>ExpEff</em> and SV vary throughout the diatom bloom as the community structure progresses. A good correlation between both variables was observed (<em>ExpEff</em> = <em>(0.023 ± 0.006) SV</em>, r = 0.82, p = 0.04). Showing that the variability in how efficiently the carbon flux is exported out of the Euphotic Zone can be explained by the SV at which the particles sink. Further investigations are required to analyse if this is a specific model of the functioning of the BCP during the diatom bloom in North South Georgia or if it can be extrapolated to other scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064523001030/pdfft?md5=82fcf9dac4aa65d950c232d9a03458f5&pid=1-s2.0-S0967064523001030-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138567154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mean circulation and its seasonal cycle on the West Florida Shelf as evidenced by multi-decadal time series of moored currents and winds","authors":"Jason A. Law,&nbsp;Robert H. Weisberg,&nbsp;Yonggang Liu,&nbsp;Dennis A. Mayer,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Donovan","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Time series from a moored array of current velocity and surface meteorological sensors, some with record lengths as long as 25 years, are used to describe both the long-term mean circulation and its seasonal variations on the West Florida Continental Shelf (WFS). The moorings are part of the University of South Florida's Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System (USF-COMPS), a network of ocean observing assets along with numerical circulation models, all used to describe and understand physical and ecological processes on the WFS. These USF-COMPS observations reveal a coherent, shelf-wide mean circulation pattern with depth-averaged flow directed alongshore and down-coast. The vertical structure and the seasonal variations further describe an inner-shelf, wind-driven upwelling region separated from a deeper-ocean influenced offshore downwelling region by a coastal jet. By adding to the record lengths from previous analyses, the statistics are shown to be robust, with the inferences drawn from shorter records being borne out by the present longer-term analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064523000966/pdfft?md5=a5ef3fed0a0e378b8acf54ec0f9b1355&pid=1-s2.0-S0967064523000966-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135515183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observing system experiment framework for the tropical Indian Ocean salinity: A case study using a constellation of three satellites","authors":"Smitha Ratheesh ,&nbsp;Neeraj Agarwal ,&nbsp;Rashmi Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study impact of assimilating Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) from multi-satellites (SMOS, Aquarius and SMAP) on numerical ocean model simulations in the north Indian Ocean has been analysed under the observing system experiment (OSE) framework. Daily data sets of Aquarius, SMAP and SMOS, which were available for a common period of April–May 2015, are used to constrain the ocean model using ensemble optimal interpolation technique. Apart from the control simulation in which satellite data were not assimilated, a total of seven assimilation experiments using different combinations of satellite SSS were conducted. The impact of assimilation experiments is analysed by comparing the model-simulated variables with in situ observations. Assimilating satellite SSS results in a reduction in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in SSS (∼ 54%) and also in subsurface salinity (∼ 21%) over the control run. The impact of assimilating SMAP observations is maximum on model simulations with the errors reducing by ∼ 54%. Subsurface salinity improvement is better with three satellites with ∼31% improvement in RMSE in the halocline region, which was ∼11% more than single satellite assimilation. Assimilation of SSS also resulted in improved simulations of the model surface, subsurface temperature and mixed layer depth. Model results show the ability of SSS observations to complement other ocean observation networks. One important observation from this study is that while the impact of assimilating SSS observations from a single satellite was on par with the impact of assimilating SSS observations from two or three satellites in correcting simulated surface salinity, assimilation from more than one satellite had a larger impact in the salinity of deeper layers of the ocean.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91986480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variability in plankton metabolic balance in the tropical Indian Ocean during spring intermonsoon","authors":"V.V.S.S. Sarma ,&nbsp;M.H.K. Prasad ,&nbsp;C.K. Sherin ,&nbsp;K.R. Mangalaa","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The tropical Indian Ocean consists of three basins, namely the Arabian Sea (AS), Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Southern Indian Ocean (SIO), with relatively nutrient-rich waters in the former two basins. It is hypothesized that the excess carbon produced in the northern Indian Ocean may support heterotrophic carbon demand in the SIO. In order to test this hypothesis, deck incubation experiments were conducted during the spring intermonsoon under the aegis of the Indian-GEOTRACES program. Nutrients in the mixed layer were low in the SIO compared to AS and BoB due to strong thermal stratification in the former region. Dominant net </span>autotrophy<span> was noticed in the AS whereas net heterotrophy<span><span> in the BoB and SIO. High community respiration (CR) was observed in the BoB which may be supported by riverine organic carbon, whereas in situ produced and advected excess carbon from the northern Indian Ocean may support in AS and SIO respectively. Net community production (NCP) displayed an inverse (linear) relationship with temperature (salinity) in the </span>euphotic zone<span> in the BoB and SIO suggesting that stratification driven by river discharge and equatorial currents, respectively, reduced nutrients inputs through vertical mixing in the upper ocean resulting in the formation of the strong net heterotrophy and contrast to this was found in the AS due to increase in primary production due to nitrogen fixation. The euphotic zone integrated nutrients displayed a linear relationship with NCP and Gross Primary Production (GPP) indicating that the availability of nutrients controlled the plankton metabolic rates in the tropical Indian Ocean. The threshold of GPP for plankton metabolic balance in the tropical Indian Ocean (1.9 mmol O</span></span></span></span>₂ m⁻³ d⁻¹) was close to that of the global mean (2.2 mmol O₂ m⁻³ d⁻¹). The slope of the log-log relationship between GPP and CR was 0.5 and it is close to that of the global mean value of 0.60.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92033257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced marine technologies for ocean research","authors":"Allison Miller,&nbsp;Jyotika I. Virmani","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Technology is fundamental to understanding our ocean and has been used to conduct oceanographic research for over a century. We are in an age of fast innovation and technical advancements that are pushing the boundaries of marine research, exploration, data collection, and telecommunications at sea. Through this, scientists are gaining the ability to collect data at reduced costs, more efficiently, for longer durations, and on scales previously beyond human reach. As a consequence, our knowledge of the ocean is rapidly evolving and, along with that, our capacity to excite broader public interest and inform the better stewardship of our planet.</p><p>This review provides examples of (1) successful technologies that have been used in oceanographic research, many aboard R/V <em>Falkor</em>; (2) prototypes that have the potential to be used more extensively; and (3) innovations in other fields that have not yet been adapted for use in the ocean. This is not an exhaustive review of existing marine technologies that fit these criteria, but collectively, they are increasing the pace of oceanographic discovery and research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064523000905/pdfft?md5=1a4b31d27d557e06af3643e54a471a66&pid=1-s2.0-S0967064523000905-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92122347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspended particles are hotspots of microbial remineralization in the ocean's twilight zone","authors":"V. Hemsley ,&nbsp;J. Füssel ,&nbsp;M.T. Duret ,&nbsp;R.R. Rayne ,&nbsp;M.H. Iversen ,&nbsp;S.A. Henson ,&nbsp;R. Sanders ,&nbsp;P. Lam ,&nbsp;M. Trimmer","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2023.105339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sinking of photosynthetically produced organic carbon from the ocean surface to its interior is a significant term in the global carbon cycle. Most sinking organic carbon is, however, remineralized in the mesopelagic zone (∼100 m–1000 m), thereby exerting control over ocean-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) partitioning and hence global climate. Sinking particles are considered hotspots of microbial respiration in the dark ocean. However, our observations in the contrasting Scotia Sea and the Benguela Current show that &gt;90% of microbial remineralisation is associated with suspended, rather than sinking, organic matter, resulting in rapid turnover of the suspended carbon pool and demonstrating its central role in mesopelagic carbon cycling. A non-steady-state model indicates that temporally variable particle fluxes, particle injection pumps and local chemoautotrophy are necessary to help balance the observed mesopelagic respiration. Temperature and oxygen exert control over microbial respiration, particularly for the suspended fraction, further demonstrating the susceptibility of microbial remineralisation to the ongoing decline in oxygen at mid-ocean depths. These observations suggest a partial decoupling of carbon cycling between non-sinking and fast-sinking organic matter, challenging our understanding of how oceanic biological processes regulate climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11120,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea Research Part Ii-topical Studies in Oceanography","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50175406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}