Current organic synthesis最新文献

{"title":"Base Mediated <i>7-exo-dig</i> Intramolecular Cyclization of Betti-propargyl Precursors: An Efficient Approach to 1,4-oxazepine Derivatives.","authors":"Rozita Yazzaf, Mina Asadi, Mohammad Mahdavi","doi":"10.2174/0115701794353226241209175136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794353226241209175136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>1,4-oxazepine is a significant structural motif found in several bio-active molecules used in the treatment of diseases such as psychotic disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Therefore, developing novel methodologies for its preparation is of great interest to medicinal chemists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These seven-membered heterocycles are generated through the intramolecular cy-clization of Betti bases, which are propargylated using propargyl bromide as the source of the triple bond in the presence of a base.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This efficient and straightforward protocol proceeds under mild, metal-free conditions and has been shown to be applicable to a broad range of aldehydes and 2-aminopyridines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Neighborhood Topological Descriptors for Quantitative Structure-property Relationship (QSPR) Analysis and Entropy Measures of Some Anti-cancer Drugs.","authors":"Tony Augustine, Roy Santiago, Sahaya Vijay Jeyaraj, Mohamad Azeem","doi":"10.2174/0115701794349166241217085334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794349166241217085334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated many cancer medicines using a wide range of degree sum-based topological indices and entropy. These numerical numbers, commonly referred to as topological indices or molecular descriptors, depict a substance's molecular structure. They have been successfully used to properly reflect different physicochemical properties in a number of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) and Quanti-tative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) research studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between topological neighborhood indices and physicochemical properties using the QSPR model and linear re-gression methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed linear regression methodology within the QSPR model to examine the connections between physicochemical characteristics and topological neighborhood in-dices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a significant correlation between the neighborhood indices un-der scrutiny and the physicochemical features of the potential drugs under investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result, both neighborhood topological indices and entropy demonstrate potential as valuable tools for future QSPR investigations when evaluating anticancer medi-cations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Conjugation of Chlorambucil with 4-Phenylbutanoic Acid and Valproic Acid respectively for Enhancing Anti-tumor Activity.","authors":"Yi Dai, Yang Zhang, Xiangxiang Wang, Yupei Zhang, Juan Bai","doi":"10.2174/0115701794351301241217074232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794351301241217074232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nitrogen mustards exert their anticancer activity by alkylating DNA. However, except for alkylating DNA, nitrogen mustards may alkylate other bio-molecules to cause off-target effects due to their highly active functional groups. So, more exposure of DNA from chromosomes can facilitate the binding of nitrogen mustards to DNA to present stronger anticancer activity, simultaneously avoiding more side effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To design and synthesize the 4-phenylbutanoic acid-chlorambucil conjugates and valproic acid-chlorambucil conjugates. Upon cellular internalization, the two conju-gates can more strongly damage the DNA of cancer cells due to the more exposure of cel-lular DNA caused by 4-phenylbutanoic acid or valproic acid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To validate this hypothesis, we designed and synthesized two hybrids of chlo-rambucil with 4-phenylbutanoic acid and valproic acid, denoted as compound 2a and compound 2b respectively. The antitumor activity of the aforementioned hybrids was evaluated by the MTT method, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis, apoptosis as-say, DNA damage assay, and scratch assay respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compound 2a and compound 2b were synthesized via esterification. The results of bioactivity evaluation showed compound 2a and compound 2b had stronger cytotoxici-ty against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells than chlorambucil. More importantly, toward triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, compound 2a ex-hibited significantly greater cytotoxicity compared to both compound 2b and chlorambu-cil. Further studies were conducted on MDA-MB-231 cells, showing that compound 2a could more strongly decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce cell apopto-sis, and damage cellular DNA compared to compound 2b and chlorambucil. Interestingly, in combating the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, the results exhibited that compound 2b had a much stronger anti-migratory effect than compound 2a, inconsistent with the aforementioned in vitro cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that the combination of nitrogen mustards with histone deacetylase inhibitors is an effective strategy to exert synergistic anti-tumor ef-fects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel o-aminophenol Derivatives.","authors":"Dat Van Nguyen, Ly Duou Tran, Phuong Ngoc Uyen Vu, Luc Van Meervelt, Mai Ngoc Thi Nguyen, Anh Lan Ngo, Hoan Quoc Duong","doi":"10.2174/0115701794360303250109065121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794360303250109065121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>o-Aminophenol derivatives are of particular interest for their di-verse biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. Such as, antioxidant, an-tibacterial, and cytotoxic activities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to design and synthesize a series of novel o-aminophenol de-rivatives through an efficient multi-step process, characterize them using modern spectro-scopic techniques, and evaluate their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of novel derivatives of o-aminophenol have been successfully synthe-sized with very high efficiency through a simple six-step process using readily available chemicals and straightforward reactions. The structures of all products were accurately de-termined using modern spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR, as well as IR, MS spectroscopy, and X-ray methods. The antimicrobial activities of eight o-nitrophenol derivatives were assessed against Gram (-) and Gram (+) bacteria as well as fungi. In comparison, antioxidant activities were tested for two o-nitrophenol and 11 o-aminophenol derivatives using SC50 and EC50 assays. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on KB, HepG2, A549, and MCF7 cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six synthesized compounds 5b, 5c, 5g, 6b, 6c, 6g exhibited unusual doublet sig-nals in the H8 region of the 1H NMR spectrum, attributed to atropisomer formation. Eight o-nitrophenol derivatives demonstrated weak antimicrobial activity, with MIC values ranging from 100 to 200 μg/mL. Compound 5g showed activity against all tested bacterial and fungal strains. In antioxidant testing, eight o-aminophenol derivatives 6a, 6b, 6c, 6e, 6f, 6h, 6i, and 12b displayed excellent activity, with SC50 values between 18.95 and 34.26 μg/mL, approaching ascorbic acid's SC50 value of 12.60 μg/mL. Three derivatives 6d, 6g, and 12a showed superior antioxidant activity with EC50 values between 4.00 and 11.25 μg/mL, surpassing quercetin's standard of 9.8 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that o-aminophenol derivatives 6b, 6c, 6f, 6i, and 12b exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on KB cell lines with IC50 values from 32 to 74.94 μg/mL. Compound 6i demonstrated mod-erate cytotoxic activity against HepG2, A549, and MCF7 cell lines, with IC50 values of 29.46, 71.29, and 80.02 μg/mL, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cyto-toxic activity, Evaluation of H8 signal anomalies in certain compounds, and Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harary Spectra and Energy of Certain Classes of Graphs.","authors":"Kuruba Ashoka, Bolle Parvathalu, Subramanian Arumugam","doi":"10.2174/0115701794330372241114102237","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794330372241114102237","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the H-eigenvalues and H-energy of various types of graphs, including κ-fold graphs, strong κ-fold graphs, and extended bipartite double graphs and establish relationships between the H-energy of κ-fold and strong κ-fold graphs and the H-energy of the original graph G, we explore the connection between the H-energy of extended bipartite double graphs and their ordinary energy and find the graphs that share equienergetic properties with respect to both the ordinary and Harary matrices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The H-eigenvalues of a graph G are the eigenvalues of its Harary matrix H(G). The H-energy Ε&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt;(G) of a graph, G is the sum of the absolute values of its H-eigenvalues. Two connected graphs are said to be H-equienergetic if they have equal H-energies. They are said to A-equienergetic if they have equal A-energies. Adjacency and Harary matrices have applications in chemistry, such as finding total Π-electron energy, quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR), etc. Objective: We determined the H-spectra of κ-fold graphs, strong κ-fold graphs and extended bipartite double graphs and established connections between the H-energy of different types of graphs and their original graph G for investigating the relationship between the H-energy of extended bipartite double graphs and their ordinary energy and the graphs that share equienergetic properties with respect to both the adjacency and Harary matrices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Spectral algebraic techniques are used to calculate the H-eigenvalues and H-energy for each type of graph and compare the H-energies of different graphs to identify the equienergetic properties and derive relationships between the H-energy of extended double cover graphs and their ordinary energy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We determined the H-spectra of κ-fold graphs, strong κ-fold graphs and extended bipartite double graphs and established relationships between the H-energy of κ-fold and strong κ-fold graphs and the H-energy of the original graph G. Then, we explored the connection between the H-energy of extended bipartite double graphs and their ordinary energy and presented graphs demonstrating equienergetic properties concerning both adjacency and Harary matrices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study provides insights into the H-eigenvalues, H-energy and equienergetic properties of various types of graphs. The established relationships and connections contribute to a deeper understanding of graph spectra and energy properties and the findings enhance the theoretical framework for analyzing equienergetic graphs and their spectral properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scope: &lt;/strong&gt;Possible extensions of this research could include investigating additional types of graphs and exploring further explicit connections between different graph energies and spectral properties. Harary matrices are distance-based matrices, which can model distances ","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexagonal Fractals: Topological Indices, Fractal Dimensions, Structure-Property Modeling and its Applications.","authors":"Gayathri K B, Roy Santiago, Govardhan S","doi":"10.2174/0115701794361800250116051003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794361800250116051003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hexagonal fractals are intricate geometric patterns that exhibit self-similarity. They are characterized by their repetitive hexagonal shapes at different scales. Due to their unique properties and potential applications, hexagonal fractals have been stud-ied in various fields, including mathematics, physics, and chemistry.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of hex-agonal fractals, focusing on their topological indices, fractal dimensions, and their applica-tions in structure-property modeling. We aim to calculate topological indices to quantify the structural complexity and connectivity of hexagonal fractals. Additionally, we will determine fractal dimensions to characterize their self-similarity and scaling behaviour. Finally, we will explore the relationship between topological indices, fractal dimensions, and relevant prop-erties through structure-property modeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic approach was employed to investigate hexagonal fractals. Various topological indices were computed using established mathematical techniques. Fractal di-mensions were determined. Structure-property modeling was conducted by establishing re-lationships between the calculated topological indices and fractal dimensions with experi-mentally measured properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research yielded significant findings regarding hexagonal fractals. A variety of topological indices were calculated, revealing the intricate connectivity and structural com-plexity of these fractals. Fractal dimensions were determined, confirming their self-similar nature and scaling behaviour. Structure-property modeling demonstrated strong correlations between the topological indices and fractal dimensions with properties such as conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical reactivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research provides valuable insights into the topological characteristics, fractal dimensions, and potential applications of hexagonal fractals. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of these complex structures and their relevance in various scien-tific domains. The developed structure-property modeling approaches offer a valuable tool for predicting and controlling the properties of materials based on their fractal structure. Fu-ture research may explore additional applications and delve into the underlying mechanisms governing the relationship between fractal structure and properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of N-containing Organic Molecules Through Carbodiimide-based Reactions.","authors":"Fahimeh Abedinifar, Azadeh Fakhrioliaei, Ahmad Nazarian, Bagher Larijani, Mohammad Mahdavi","doi":"10.2174/0115701794353545241204060251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794353545241204060251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbodiimides (R-N=C=N-R) are well-known intermediates for the preparation of a variety of N-containing compounds, including heterocycles and amide linkages. Be-cause of their high reactivity and easy availability, carbodiimides have been broadly used as building blocks in the synthesis of structurally complex and diverse heterocyclic com-pounds in multi-component reactions (MCRs). Recent advances in diversity-oriented syn-thesis with carbodiimide-based MCRs are discussed in this minireview and are classified into different sections based on the key transformation involved in the reactions, such as heteroannulation and nucleophilic addition reactions which containing metal-catalyzed re-actions, multi-component reactions, and catalyst-free reactions subsections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzimidazole-phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-benzyl Derivatives as the New Potent α-glucosidase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Biological Evaluations.","authors":"Arash Soltani, Hadi Shirzad, Mohammad Panji, Elahe Motevaseli, Seyyed Amin Mousavinezhad, Saeed Kalbasi","doi":"10.2174/0115701794335556241209175911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794335556241209175911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>α-Glucosidase inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibitors of the latter enzyme that are available on the market created gastrointestinal side effects and achieve to a high potent and low side effect potent α-glucosidase inhibitors is a valuable target for medicinal chemists.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, derivatives of benzimidazole-phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-benzyl skeleton were introduced as new α-glucosidase inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve derivatives 8a-l of target scaffold were synthesized via simple chemical re-actions with a yield between 65 and 88%. The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activities of these compounds was evaluated against yeast form of this enzyme. After the determination of most potent compound, the interaction of this compound with α-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro by kinetic study and in silico by docking study. Drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiles of the most potent compound were predicted by an online software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-α-glucosidase assay demonstrated that all synthesized derivatives 8a-l were more potent that standard inhibitor acarbose. Representatively, 2-(4-((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (compound 8a) as the most potent derivative was 150-times more potent than positive control. Kinetic study of compound 8a revealed that this compound is an uncompetitive inhibitor against α-glucosidase. Furthermore, molecular docking study showed that compound 8a with favorable binding energy attached to important residues in the α-glucosidase active site. This compound also can be an oral drug with favorable toxicity profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Benzimidazole-phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-benzyl derivatives 8a-l synthesized and evaluated for anti-α-glucosidase activity. All these compounds were excellent α-glucosidase inhibitor, and compound 8a demonstrated the most significant inhibition effect when com-pared with positive control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu@DPP-SPION: A Novel and Versatile Catalyst for the Synthesis of Thioxo-Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives under Mild Reaction Conditions.","authors":"Nastaran Ghasemi, Shahram Moradi, Mohammad Mahdavi, Aida Iraji","doi":"10.2174/0115701794339302241011113823","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794339302241011113823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of efficient and sustainable catalytic methodologies has garnered considerable attention in contemporary organic synthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, we present a novel approach employing the Cu@DPP-SPION catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl 4-(aryl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives. This versatile catalytic system incorporates copper nanoparticles supported on 4- (1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)benzoic acid-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The catalyst was meticulously characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The catalytic process, exemplified by the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, demonstrated high isolated yields, attesting to the robust performance of the catalyst.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Furthermore, the reusability of the catalyst was validated through five consecutive reactions without a notable decrease in yield, while structural stability was confirmed by SEM analysis. The methodology combines green reaction conditions, room temperature operation, and facile magnetic catalyst separation, underscoring its potential for sustainable synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work highlights the promise of the Cu@DPP-SPION catalyst as an innovative tool in heterogeneous catalysis and its role in advancing efficient and environmentally conscious synthetic methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":"600-613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of 3-S-impurities in Timolol Maleate.","authors":"Dejun Zhou, Keyang Wang, Yuying Zhang, Xiaoyue Liu, Xiaoxia Mao","doi":"10.2174/0115701794344307241027093947","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794344307241027093947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timolol maleate is clinically used for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, tachycardia, and glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to enhance the safe use of timolol maleate and investigate a synthesis method for 3-S-timolol, a newly identified impurity in timolol API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>(S)-3-(tert-butylamino)propane-1,2-diol (1) was used as a raw material. 3-S-timolol maleate (7) was synthesized through a five-step reaction. Overall yield was 57.7%, with a purity of 98%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The structure of the target compound was confirmed <i>via</i> analysis of its ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectra.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synthesis method was straightforward and yielded a high-purity product suitable for use as a reference in the analysis and identification of timolol maleate-related substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":"614-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}