Current organic synthesis最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Neighborhood Topological Descriptors for Quantitative Structure-property Relationship (QSPR) Analysis and Entropy Measures of Some Anti-cancer Drugs.","authors":"Tony Augustine, Roy Santiago, Sahaya Vijay Jeyaraj, Mohamad Azeem","doi":"10.2174/0115701794349166241217085334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794349166241217085334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated many cancer medicines using a wide range of degree sum-based topological indices and entropy. These numerical numbers, commonly referred to as topological indices or molecular descriptors, depict a substance's molecular structure. They have been successfully used to properly reflect different physicochemical properties in a number of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) and Quanti-tative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) research studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between topological neighborhood indices and physicochemical properties using the QSPR model and linear re-gression methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed linear regression methodology within the QSPR model to examine the connections between physicochemical characteristics and topological neighborhood in-dices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a significant correlation between the neighborhood indices un-der scrutiny and the physicochemical features of the potential drugs under investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result, both neighborhood topological indices and entropy demonstrate potential as valuable tools for future QSPR investigations when evaluating anticancer medi-cations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harary Spectra and Energy of Certain Classes of Graphs.","authors":"Kuruba Ashoka, Bolle Parvathalu, Subramanian Arumugam","doi":"10.2174/0115701794330372241114102237","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794330372241114102237","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the H-eigenvalues and H-energy of various types of graphs, including κ-fold graphs, strong κ-fold graphs, and extended bipartite double graphs and establish relationships between the H-energy of κ-fold and strong κ-fold graphs and the H-energy of the original graph G, we explore the connection between the H-energy of extended bipartite double graphs and their ordinary energy and find the graphs that share equienergetic properties with respect to both the ordinary and Harary matrices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The H-eigenvalues of a graph G are the eigenvalues of its Harary matrix H(G). The H-energy Ε&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt;(G) of a graph, G is the sum of the absolute values of its H-eigenvalues. Two connected graphs are said to be H-equienergetic if they have equal H-energies. They are said to A-equienergetic if they have equal A-energies. Adjacency and Harary matrices have applications in chemistry, such as finding total Π-electron energy, quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR), etc. Objective: We determined the H-spectra of κ-fold graphs, strong κ-fold graphs and extended bipartite double graphs and established connections between the H-energy of different types of graphs and their original graph G for investigating the relationship between the H-energy of extended bipartite double graphs and their ordinary energy and the graphs that share equienergetic properties with respect to both the adjacency and Harary matrices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Spectral algebraic techniques are used to calculate the H-eigenvalues and H-energy for each type of graph and compare the H-energies of different graphs to identify the equienergetic properties and derive relationships between the H-energy of extended double cover graphs and their ordinary energy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We determined the H-spectra of κ-fold graphs, strong κ-fold graphs and extended bipartite double graphs and established relationships between the H-energy of κ-fold and strong κ-fold graphs and the H-energy of the original graph G. Then, we explored the connection between the H-energy of extended bipartite double graphs and their ordinary energy and presented graphs demonstrating equienergetic properties concerning both adjacency and Harary matrices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study provides insights into the H-eigenvalues, H-energy and equienergetic properties of various types of graphs. The established relationships and connections contribute to a deeper understanding of graph spectra and energy properties and the findings enhance the theoretical framework for analyzing equienergetic graphs and their spectral properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scope: &lt;/strong&gt;Possible extensions of this research could include investigating additional types of graphs and exploring further explicit connections between different graph energies and spectral properties. Harary matrices are distance-based matrices, which can model distances ","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexagonal Fractals: Topological Indices, Fractal Dimensions, Structure-Property Modeling and its Applications.","authors":"Gayathri K B, Roy Santiago, Govardhan S","doi":"10.2174/0115701794361800250116051003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794361800250116051003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hexagonal fractals are intricate geometric patterns that exhibit self-similarity. They are characterized by their repetitive hexagonal shapes at different scales. Due to their unique properties and potential applications, hexagonal fractals have been stud-ied in various fields, including mathematics, physics, and chemistry.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of hex-agonal fractals, focusing on their topological indices, fractal dimensions, and their applica-tions in structure-property modeling. We aim to calculate topological indices to quantify the structural complexity and connectivity of hexagonal fractals. Additionally, we will determine fractal dimensions to characterize their self-similarity and scaling behaviour. Finally, we will explore the relationship between topological indices, fractal dimensions, and relevant prop-erties through structure-property modeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic approach was employed to investigate hexagonal fractals. Various topological indices were computed using established mathematical techniques. Fractal di-mensions were determined. Structure-property modeling was conducted by establishing re-lationships between the calculated topological indices and fractal dimensions with experi-mentally measured properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research yielded significant findings regarding hexagonal fractals. A variety of topological indices were calculated, revealing the intricate connectivity and structural com-plexity of these fractals. Fractal dimensions were determined, confirming their self-similar nature and scaling behaviour. Structure-property modeling demonstrated strong correlations between the topological indices and fractal dimensions with properties such as conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical reactivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research provides valuable insights into the topological characteristics, fractal dimensions, and potential applications of hexagonal fractals. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of these complex structures and their relevance in various scien-tific domains. The developed structure-property modeling approaches offer a valuable tool for predicting and controlling the properties of materials based on their fractal structure. Fu-ture research may explore additional applications and delve into the underlying mechanisms governing the relationship between fractal structure and properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu@DPP-SPION: A Novel and Versatile Catalyst for the Synthesis of Thioxo-Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives under Mild Reaction Conditions.","authors":"Nastaran Ghasemi, Shahram Moradi, Mohammad Mahdavi, Aida Iraji","doi":"10.2174/0115701794339302241011113823","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794339302241011113823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of efficient and sustainable catalytic methodologies has garnered considerable attention in contemporary organic synthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, we present a novel approach employing the Cu@DPP-SPION catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl 4-(aryl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives. This versatile catalytic system incorporates copper nanoparticles supported on 4- (1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)benzoic acid-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The catalyst was meticulously characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The catalytic process, exemplified by the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, demonstrated high isolated yields, attesting to the robust performance of the catalyst.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Furthermore, the reusability of the catalyst was validated through five consecutive reactions without a notable decrease in yield, while structural stability was confirmed by SEM analysis. The methodology combines green reaction conditions, room temperature operation, and facile magnetic catalyst separation, underscoring its potential for sustainable synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work highlights the promise of the Cu@DPP-SPION catalyst as an innovative tool in heterogeneous catalysis and its role in advancing efficient and environmentally conscious synthetic methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":"600-613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of 3-S-impurities in Timolol Maleate.","authors":"Dejun Zhou, Keyang Wang, Yuying Zhang, Xiaoyue Liu, Xiaoxia Mao","doi":"10.2174/0115701794344307241027093947","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794344307241027093947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timolol maleate is clinically used for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, tachycardia, and glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to enhance the safe use of timolol maleate and investigate a synthesis method for 3-S-timolol, a newly identified impurity in timolol API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>(S)-3-(tert-butylamino)propane-1,2-diol (1) was used as a raw material. 3-S-timolol maleate (7) was synthesized through a five-step reaction. Overall yield was 57.7%, with a purity of 98%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The structure of the target compound was confirmed <i>via</i> analysis of its ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectra.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synthesis method was straightforward and yielded a high-purity product suitable for use as a reference in the analysis and identification of timolol maleate-related substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":"614-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Investigation and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of 2-6-Dimethoxy-4-((2-Nitrophenylimin)Methyl) Phenol.","authors":"Hasan Inac","doi":"10.2174/0115701794309830240529042210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794309830240529042210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The reaction between 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyenzaldehyde and 2-nitroaniline has been discovered, and the final product has been identified such as 2-6-dimethoxy- 4-((2-nitrophenylimin)methyl)phenol (C1).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>X-ray diffraction examination per-formed on a single crystal provided conclusive evidence regarding the structure. Crystallography reveals that the two molecules A and B that were enclosed within the asymmetric unit are struc-turally distinct from one another. C-H·O, N-H·O, and O-H·O bonding is primarily respon-sible for the crystal packing stability. HO and off-set stacking interactions also contribute to the crystal packing's overall stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To do further research into the intermolecular interactions, the Hirshfeld surface analysis technique is utilized. It is possible to determine the partiality of the interatomic contacts to create crystal packing interactions by computing the improvement ratio for those contacts. In addition, computational research is carried out with the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) model to determine the amount of energy that is required for molecular pairs to interact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded the roles those different kinds of interaction energy play in maintaining the stability of the molecular pair.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":"22 3","pages":"361-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel <i>N</i>-Substituted Isatin-Oxoindolin-1<i>H</i>-Benzo[D] Imidazole Fumarate as a New Class of JNK3 Inhibitor: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and its Biological Activity.","authors":"Mohammed M Al-Mahadeen, Areej M Jaber, Belal O Al-Najjar, Monther A Khanfar, Mustafa M El-Abadelah","doi":"10.2174/0115701794335274240910111137","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794335274240910111137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A direct synthesis of functionalized dimethyl fumarate derivatives of 2- (2-((E)-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl) is achieved via one-pot reaction involving 2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and appropriate isatin in the presence of DMAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conversely, this one-pot reaction furnished, upon conduction at 60 ° C, the 2-(2-((E)- (2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl) products. The biological activities were evaluated against JNK3 kinase. We chose to dock the compounds into the JNK3 binding site in order to comprehend the molecular underpinnings of the observed bioactivities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The structures of the synthesized compound adduct were evidenced from NMR and MS spectral data and further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The biological activities revealing that the introduction of an alkyl group at the 1-position of the isatin moiety produced JNK3 inhibitors with IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar range.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study synthesized a unique compound using a three-component method. Compound 4d showed high antitumor activity (IC₅₀ = 6.5 μM) against JNK3 inhibitors, while compounds 4c, 4d, and 4f exhibited high selectivity. The research highlights the effectiveness of the one-pot reaction in creating medically useful hybrid compounds, marking a significant advance in medicinal chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":"22 3","pages":"410-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanamide-Based Cyclization Reactions for Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles Synthesis.","authors":"Yu-Xin Wu, Cheng-Liang Liu, Qian Yan, Si-Han Chen, Zi-Rui Kuang, Han-Wen Liu, Jiang-Sheng Li, Zhi-Wei Li","doi":"10.2174/0115701794345484241217075932","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794345484241217075932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen-containing heterocycles, such as indoles and quinolines, serve as the key scaffolds in numerous pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and natural products. The synthetic methods of nitrogen-containing heterocycles show significant scientific and industrial values. As a chemical intermediate featuring dual functional groups, cyanamide plays a crucial role in organic synthesis, directly affecting the development of new drugs and the design of new materials. Particularly in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, the cyano group can introduce various groups through radical pathways to synthesize polycyclic N-heterocyclic frameworks, as well as yielding a variety of nitrogen-containing heterocycles through non-radical pathways. This diverse reaction pathway makes the application of cyanamide in chemical synthesis more extensive and flexible. The progress involving cyanamide in the synthesis of quinazoline and quinazolinone, γ-lactams, and other nitrogen-containing heterocyclic frameworks is summarized. The main mechanisms and reaction strategies are emphasized and explicated from the perspective of radical and non-radical synthetic pathways, revealing the potential application value of these compounds in different fields. This review paves the way for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, particularly in achieving green chemistry and sustainable development goals. These new methods and ideas are expected to promote the development of more efficient and economical synthesis strategies in the future, thereby advancing the widespread application of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds in pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and new materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":"569-580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Conjugation of Chlorambucil with 4-Phenylbutanoic Acid and Valproic Acid respectively for Enhancing Anti-tumor Activity.","authors":"Yi Dai, Yang Zhang, Xiangxiang Wang, Yupei Zhang, Juan Bai","doi":"10.2174/0115701794351301241217074232","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794351301241217074232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nitrogen mustards exert their anticancer activity by alkylating DNA. However, except for alkylating DNA, nitrogen mustards may alkylate other biomolecules to cause off-target effects due to their highly active functional groups. So, more exposure of DNA from chromosomes can facilitate the binding of nitrogen mustards to DNA to present stronger anticancer activity, simultaneously avoiding more side effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To design and synthesize the 4-phenylbutanoic acid-chlorambucil conjugates and valproic acid-chlorambucil conjugates. Upon cellular internalization, the two conjugates can more strongly damage the DNA of cancer cells due to the more exposure of cellular DNA caused by 4-phenylbutanoic acid or valproic acid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To validate this hypothesis, we designed and synthesized two hybrids of chlorambucil with 4-phenylbutanoic acid and valproic acid, denoted as compound 2a and compound 2b respectively. The antitumor activity of the aforementioned hybrids was evaluated by the MTT method, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis, apoptosis assay, DNA damage assay, and scratch assay respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compound 2a and compound 2b were synthesized via esterification. The results of bioactivity evaluation showed compound 2a and compound 2b had stronger cytotoxicity against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells than chlorambucil. More importantly, toward triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, compound 2a exhibited significantly greater cytotoxicity compared to both compound 2b and chlorambucil. Further studies were conducted on MDA-MB-231 cells, showing that compound 2a could more strongly decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce cell apoptosis, and damage cellular DNA compared to compound 2b and chlorambucil. Interestingly, in combating the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, the results exhibited that compound 2b had a much stronger anti-migratory effect than compound 2a, inconsistent with the aforementioned in vitro cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that the combination of nitrogen mustards with histone deacetylase inhibitors is an effective strategy to exert synergistic anti-tumor effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":" ","pages":"737-746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Reaction and Biological Activity of Thiazoles.","authors":"Aisha M Alateeq, Yasair S Al-Faiyz, Olivia D McNair, Jeffrey S Wiggins, Abdelwahed R Sayed","doi":"10.2174/0115701794322192240905093650","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115701794322192240905093650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current review aimed to provide an understanding of the preparation, reactions, and biological action of thiazoles. The purpose of this review was to focus on the progress made in the synthesis of physiologically effective thiazole products with their interactions. A combinatorial approach was proposed, and extensive attempts were made in the search for thiazoles by chemists in many domains due to the information of multiple artificial pathways and variable physics-chemical factors of thiazoles. In this regard, the biological activities linked to thiazole and the processes used in its production were thoroughly discussed in this study. The research period covered in this review was from 1905 to 2024, providing a useful and convenient strategy for the synthesis of numerous thiazole derivatives. Moreover, research on such reactions is still ongoing and undoubtedly will provide new fused functionalized compounds of both industrial and biological interests. A literature survey revealed that a great deal of interest has been focused on the synthesis and reaction of thiazoles due to their wide range of biological activities. Remarkable insights into different synthetic paths and modified physical-chemical features of such thiazoles would be helpful for chemists worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":"22 4","pages":"481-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}