{"title":"The evolution of life cycle assessment in the food and beverage industry: a review","authors":"T. Y. Chitaka, Taahira Goga","doi":"10.1017/plc.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/plc.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been progressively used as an tool to quantify and compare environmental impacts in the food and beverage industry. This paper reviews LCAs on single-use food and beverage plastic products from January 2000 to June 2022. Studies are also analysed in the context of marine plastic pollution which is a global concern. A total of 91 studies were reviewed with 44% conducted for the European region. Findings suggest that most studies follow the traditional approach and structure of LCA with some studies focusing on global warming potential and others incorporating aspects such as life cycle costs and mass-based indicators. A total of 62% of reviewed studies had a cradle-to-grave scope. LCA studies can be influenced by public discourse, for example, the rising concern surrounding plastic marine pollution. From 2019, additional environmental indicators have been included in LCAs wherein the product is a major contributor to pollution. To date, six studies have proposed marine litter indicators. In future years, we can expect further development of life cycle impact assessment methods to reflect concerns in the public discourse. This includes methodologies for assessing circularity or plastic pollution. Furthermore, product foci will continue to follow popular trends.","PeriodicalId":110455,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Prisms: Plastics","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134366410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The politics of anti-plastics activism in Indonesia and Malaysia","authors":"Peter Dauvergne, Saima Islam","doi":"10.1017/plc.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/plc.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Research on anti-plastics activism in Indonesia and Malaysia, although increasing somewhat in recent years, is sparse and patchy. Interviews with local activists and a review of the existing literature, however, does suggest this activism is intensifying. Activists are educating people of the health and ecological risks of plastics, and operating nonprofit organizations to recycle and repurpose plastics. They are organizing cleanups and advocating for marginalized waste workers. And they are lobbying governments for stricter regulations, exposing illegal operations, and building transnational advocacy networks. Collectively, these strands of activism appear to have the potential to aggregate eco-actions and decrease plastic pollution. In the coming years, however, given the power of the global plastics industry and the nature of politics within Indonesia and Malaysia, pro-plastics corporations and industry allies are likely going to increasingly contest anti-plastics narratives and strive to undermine efforts to address the root causes of plastic pollution, including rising sales of single-use plastics by transnational corpor-ations, the dumping and burning of unrecyclable plastics from high-income countries, and inadequate waste infrastructure and regulatory enforcement. Further research on how this politics is affecting the power and effectiveness of anti-plastics activism, the article concludes, is going to be essential for improving plastics governance.","PeriodicalId":110455,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Prisms: Plastics","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132216352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stages of Capitalist Development and Maximum Marine Plastic Pollution","authors":"P. Jacques","doi":"10.1017/plc.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/plc.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Marine plastic pollution (MPP) has become ubiquitous in the oceans and is damaging human health, ecosystems, and economies which has resulted in a mandate for a new binding plastics treaty. What would an effective treaty look like? What explains this relatively new global crisis? This review article argues that the work of Karl Polanyi and stage theory can put the MPP problem into context and illuminate requirements of an effective treaty. Polanyi argued that if market society did not restrain the capitalist use of land (nature), labor, and money it would destroy itself and MPP will only be solved if these social and environmental protections restrain capital. Stage theory looks at the evolving expressions of capitalism in distinct historical periods to provide context for the global economy and implies a structural remedy for the plastics in the ocean. In particular, the post-War Fordist stage introducing mass production and the following post-Fordist neoliberal period witnessed progressively thinned restraints on capital and the global plastic flow is a function of these changes over time resulting in continuously increasing MPP.","PeriodicalId":110455,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Prisms: Plastics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126337875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bonnie M. Hamilton, B. Clark, Stephanie B. Borrelle
{"title":"Monitoring to conservation: The science-policy nexus of plastics and seabirds","authors":"Bonnie M. Hamilton, B. Clark, Stephanie B. Borrelle","doi":"10.1017/plc.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/plc.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"Seabirds have been the messengers of marine plastics pollution since the 1950s, not long after plastics began to be commercially manufactured. In the decades since, a number of multilateral agreements have emerged to address marine plastics pollution that have been informed by research and monitoring on plastic ingestion in seabirds. Seabirds continue to serve as effective monitors for plastics pollution in the oceans, and increasingly of the chemical contamination from the marine environment as plastic additives and chemicals can adsorb and accumulate in seabirds ’ tissues. Plastics pollution has far-reaching ecological impacts, but the motivation for addressing the issue has escalated rapidly at the international level. Seabirds are also the most globally threatened group of birds and require concerted conservation actions to mitigate population declines from multiple pressures. However, most policy mechanisms focus on the monitoring and mitigation of anthropogenically induced stressors, using seabird data, and often fail to include mechanisms to conserve the messengers. In this review, we discuss how research on the impacts of plastics on seabirds is used to inform policy and highlight the competing interests of monitoring and conservation that emerge from this approach. Finally, we discuss policy opportunities to ensure seabirds can continue to be the indicators of ocean health and simultaneously achieve conservation goals.","PeriodicalId":110455,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Prisms: Plastics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121445169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tony R. Walker, Britta R. Baechler, Laura Markley, Maja Grünzner, Ivy S. G. Akuoko, C. Bowyer, Claudia Menzel, S. Muntaha, A. Macdonald, Deonie Allen, Emily Cowan
{"title":"Plastic Pulse of the Public: A review of survey-based research on how people use plastic – ADDENDUM","authors":"Tony R. Walker, Britta R. Baechler, Laura Markley, Maja Grünzner, Ivy S. G. Akuoko, C. Bowyer, Claudia Menzel, S. Muntaha, A. Macdonald, Deonie Allen, Emily Cowan","doi":"10.1017/plc.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/plc.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics pollute all environmental compartments because of human activities and mismanagement. Public perceptions and knowledge about plastic pollution differ among individuals and across different jurisdictions. Targeted survey-based research tools can help measure consumer awareness about the impacts of mismanaged plastics and help identify trends and solutions to reduce plastic use and plastic pollution. This review primarily focused on survey-based research from presenters at the scientific track session TS-2.15 Plastic Pulse of the Public at the 7th International Marine Debris Conference (www.7imdc.org) and supplemented by contemporary literature. Survey-based research helps provide new insights about public opinions related to the pervasiveness of plastic pollution. This review includes","PeriodicalId":110455,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Prisms: Plastics","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120826525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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