Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal最新文献_第8页

Is This Salad Safe? Voluntary versus Mandatory Disclosure of Product Risk Characteristics 这种沙拉安全吗?自愿与强制披露产品风险特征

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2015-05-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2495134

M. Aslam

引用次数: 0

An Empirical Model of Drug Detailing: Dynamic Competition and Policy Implications 药物细化的经验模型:动态竞争和政策影响

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2015-04-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2320153

Qiang Liu, Sachin Gupta, S. Venkataraman, Hongju Liu

{"title":"An Empirical Model of Drug Detailing: Dynamic Competition and Policy Implications","authors":"Qiang Liu, Sachin Gupta, S. Venkataraman, Hongju Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2320153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2320153","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of detailing in the marketing of prescription drugs is undergoing significant changes. For instance, in September 2013, the Physician Payment Sunshine Act went into full effect. The accompanying transparency requirements have prompted physician practices and hospitals to severely restrict pharmaceutical sales representatives’ direct access to their physicians. Despite all the attention in the popular press, scant scholarly research has investigated how these restrictions on physician access impact physician prescription behavior and competitive detailing to physicians. To analyze the impact of these restrictions, we develop a structural model of how pharmaceutical firms compete dynamically to schedule detailing to physicians. Detailing activities are known to have significant carryover effects that are captured in a first-stage model of physicians’ demand for prescription drugs. We also specify detailing policy functions that describe each firm’s observed detailing actions. In a second stage, we estimate a model that describes costs of detailing, assuming that the observed detailing levels are consistent with a Markov perfect Nash equilibrium. The estimated structural model is used to examine the implications of restrictions on the amount of detailing via counterfactual simulations. We find that restriction policies would increase the market share of a nondrug-treatment-only option but impact firms asymmetrically; firms that are strong in detailing and/or rely more on detailing would be hurt more. Unexpectedly, a policy that imposes a ceiling on detailing frequency could significantly reduce detailing of all firms in the market, including those firms with average detailing levels below the ceiling, and effectively would soften competition between firms and enhance their profits. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing .","PeriodicalId":11036,"journal":{"name":"Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88133673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Welfare Costs of Reclassification Risk in the Health Insurance Market 健康保险市场中风险再分类的福利成本

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2015-04-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1946152

S. Pashchenko, Ponpoje Porapakkarm

引用次数: 13

Viewers vs. Doers: The Relationship between Watching Food Television and BMI 观众与实干家:看美食电视与身体质量指数的关系

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2015-03-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2575823

Lizzy Pope, L. Latimer, B. Wansink

{"title":"Viewers vs. Doers: The Relationship between Watching Food Television and BMI","authors":"Lizzy Pope, L. Latimer, B. Wansink","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2575823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2575823","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine where nutritional gatekeepers obtain information about new foods, and whether information source is associated with Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as whether any association varied according to how often the participant cooked from scratch. A national panel survey of 501 females aged 20-35 assessed how participants obtained information on new recipes, and asked a series of questions about their cooking habits, their weight and height. Linear regressions were run to determine associations between information source, cooking from scratch, and BMI. Obtaining information from cooking shows was positively correlated with BMI (p<0.05), as was obtaining information from social media (p<0.05), whereas obtaining information from other print, online, or in-person sources was not significantly associated with BMI. A significant interaction between watching cooking shows and cooking from scratch indicated that cooking from scratch, as well as watching cooking shows was associated with higher BMI (p<0.05). Obtaining information about new foods from television cooking shows or social media – versus other sources – appears to have a unique relationship with BMI. Furthermore, watching cooking shows may have a differential effect on BMI for those who are merely TV “viewers,�? versus those who are “doers.�? Promoting healthy foods on cooking shows may be one way to positively influence the weight status of “doers�? as well as “viewers.�?","PeriodicalId":11036,"journal":{"name":"Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81853686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Trade-Offs in Operating Room Planning for Electives and Emergencies: A Review 手术室规划中选修课与急诊的权衡:综述

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2553849

C. Van Riet, E. Demeulemeester

{"title":"Trade-Offs in Operating Room Planning for Electives and Emergencies: A Review","authors":"C. Van Riet, E. Demeulemeester","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2553849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2553849","url":null,"abstract":"The planning of the operating rooms (ORs) is a difficult process due to the different stakeholders involved. The real complexity, however, results from various sources of variability entering the processes. These uncertain processes cannot be ignored since they greatly influence the trade-offs between the hospital costs and the patient waiting times. As a result, a need for policies guiding the OR manager in handling the trade-offs arises. Therefore, researchers have investigated different possibilities to incorporate non-elective patients in the schedule with the goal of maximizing both patient- and hospital-related measures. This paper reviews the literature on OR planning where both elective and non-elective patient categories are involved. It shows the various policies, the differences and similarities in the research settings and the resulting outcomes, whether they are beneficial or not. We find that the dedicated and the flexible policy are mostly pursued, but the setting and the assumptions of the reviewed papers vary widely. Decisions on both operational policies as well as on capacity are required to assure timely access and efficiency, which are the two main drivers for the problem at hand. Furthermore, the policy choice impacts the number of schedule disruptions and the OR utilization. However, results on the overtime and the patient waiting time are partly contradicting. The review shows that some policies have already received considerable attention, but the question of which policies are most appropriate is not yet fully answered. Neither has the full spectrum of policies been explored yet. Consequently, this topic provides several areas for future research, which are outlined throughout the paper.","PeriodicalId":11036,"journal":{"name":"Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83614877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 99

The Effect of Subsidizing Dental Care Costs on Demand and Intra-Household Allocation of Dental Care 资助牙科护理费用对牙科护理需求及家庭内分配的影响

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2014-11-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3513629

Elior Cohen

引用次数: 0

Mergers and Acquisitions in the German Hospital Market – Who are the Targets? 德国医院市场的并购——目标是谁?

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2565703

Adam Pilny

引用次数: 6

Data & Civil Rights: Employment Primer 数据与公民权利:就业入门

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2014-10-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2541512

Alex Rosenblat, Kate Wikelius, D. Boyd, S. Gangadharan, Corrine M. Yu

{"title":"Data & Civil Rights: Employment Primer","authors":"Alex Rosenblat, Kate Wikelius, D. Boyd, S. Gangadharan, Corrine M. Yu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2541512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2541512","url":null,"abstract":"Employees and prospective employees produce more data than ever - in the workplace, on social media, and beyond. Employers and the third party companies that assist them increasingly apply analytical tools to these various data streams to measure factors that influence employee performance, attrition rates, and workplace profitability. While some of the data - such as past performance - are unquestionably relevant to such analysis, other data that produces strong correlations to performance are more surprising. For instance, Evolv, a recruiting software company, analyzed 3 million data points about 30,000 hourly employees and identified that those who installed newer browsers, like Chrome or Firefox, onto their computers stay at their jobs 15% longer than those who use default browsers that come pre-installed on their computers, like Safari for Macs. Job candidates may rightly worry that they will be excluded from or included in job opportunities based on data that seem arbitrary and are outside their field of vision. For example, a job candidate’s resume could be excluded from a talent pool because of her online browsing habits, but she is unlikely to find that out directly. The complexity of hiring algorithms which fold all kinds of data into scoring systems make it difficult to detect and therefore challenge hiring decisions, even when outputs appear to disadvantage particular groups within a protected class. When hiring algorithms weigh many factors to reach an unexplained decision, job applicants and outside observers are unable to detect and challenge factors that may have a disparate impact on protected groups.","PeriodicalId":11036,"journal":{"name":"Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86950179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Patient Flow from Emergency Department to Inpatient Wards: Empirical Observations from a Singaporean Hospital 从急诊科到住院病房的病人流动:来自新加坡医院的实证观察

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2014-10-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2517050

P. Shi, J. Dai, Ding Ding, Soo Keng Ang, M. Chou, Xin Jin, Joe Sim

引用次数: 17

A Semiparametric Panel Approach to Mortality Modeling 死亡率建模的半参数面板方法

Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2014-10-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2512571

Han Li, Colin O’Hare, Xibin Zhang

{"title":"A Semiparametric Panel Approach to Mortality Modeling","authors":"Han Li, Colin O’Hare, Xibin Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2512571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2512571","url":null,"abstract":"During the past twenty years, there has been a rapid growth in life expectancy and an increased attention on funding for old age. Attempts to forecast improving life expectancy have been boosted by the development of stochastic mortality modeling, for example the Cairns–Blake–Dowd (CBD) 2006 model. The most common optimization method for these models is maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which relies on the assumption that the number of deaths follows a Poisson distribution. However, several recent studies have found that the true underlying distribution of death data is overdispersed in nature (see Cairns et al. 2009 and Dowd et al. 2010). Semiparametric models have been applied to many areas in economics but there are very few applications of such models in mortality modeling. In this paper we propose a local linear panel fitting methodology to the CBD model which would free the Poisson assumption on number of deaths. The parameters in the CBD model will be considered as smooth functions of time instead of being treated as a bivariate random walk with drift process in the current literature. Using the mortality data of several developed countries, we find that the proposed estimation methods provide comparable fitting results with the MLE method but without the need of additional assumptions on number of deaths. Further, the 5-year-ahead forecasting results show that our method significantly improves the accuracy of the forecast.","PeriodicalId":11036,"journal":{"name":"Demand & Supply in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88169575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26