{"title":"Sustainable weed management in a lettuce growing conservationist system","authors":"A. C. S. Hirata, P. A. Monquero, Edson Hirata","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3379","url":null,"abstract":"Soil disturbance, irrigation, and nitrogen fertilization excesses in lettuce crops have reduced the sustainability of the sector and favoured competition against weeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cover crops and nitrogen fertilization management on weed control, weed-species dynamics, and soil seed bank in successive lettuce cultivation under no-tillage. The experiment was carried out in a tropical region during summer and arranged in a (3×4) +1 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of three soil cover managements (Crotalaria juncea, Urochloa ruziziensis, and fallow) and four nitrogen (N) topdressing rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1) in a lettuce crop under fertigation. A conventional tillage system under more intense soil disturbance was also evaluated at the highest N rate. The results showed that lettuce cultivation on U. ruziziensis stood out regarding weed control. Higher soil disturbance in the conventional tillage increased weed emergence (288.9 and 245.8 plants m−2) compared to the fallow area (13.9 and 38.9 plants m−2), U. ruziziensis (4.2 and 9.7 plants m−2), and C. juncea (56.9 and 20.8 plants m−2) in successive cultivations, respectively. Soil cover management changed the dynamics of weed species emergence, especially in the first cultivation. Nitrogen topdressings did not affect weed dry matter and density at the time of weeding. The average number of non-dormant weed seeds within the 0.0-0.10 m soil seed bank layer reached 7,077 seeds m−2, with no difference among treatments. Therefore, sustainable management of lettuce cultivation using cover crops in rotation, associated with no-tillage, effectively controls weed communities, with emphasis on U. ruziziensis, regardless of the nitrogen fertilization management","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88951754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Baswal, H. S. Dhaliwal, Z. Singh, B. Mahajan, A. Kalia
{"title":"Edible coatings maintain the phytochemicals in cold-stored ‘Kinnow’ mandarin \u0000(Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa Tenora) fruit","authors":"A. K. Baswal, H. S. Dhaliwal, Z. Singh, B. Mahajan, A. Kalia","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3335","url":null,"abstract":"Edible coatings usually maintain or improve the scavenger antioxidants and activities of defense-related enzymes consequently preserve the bioactive compounds. The effects of different coating treatments e.g. carboxymethylcellulose (CMC; 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g L-1), chitosan (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g L-1), beeswax (5, 10 and 15 g L-1) and control (uncoated fruit) and cold storage period (5-7 ºC, 90-95 % RH for 75 days) on the levels of total phenols, total antioxidant activity, flavonoids, protein, total free amino acids and sugars (total and reducing sugars) in the juice of cold-stored ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit were assessed in 2017-18 and 2018-19. The fruit used in the experiment were harvested from the fifteen-year-old healthy trees previously grafted on rough lemon rootstock (Citrus jambhiri L.) and grown in the same block. The fruit coated with different coating treatments were stored at 5-7 ºC and 90-95 % RH for different storage periods (0, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days). The levels of total phenols, flavonoids, total antioxidant activity, total and reducing sugars in the fresh juice of the cold-stored fruit were determined following each cold storage period. Amongst different coating treatments tested, CMC (2.0 g L-1) coating proved to be the best treatment to maintain highest levels of bioactive compounds viz., total phenols, total antioxidant activity, flavonoids and total and reducing sugars as compared to the control during cold storage. In conclusion, coating with CMC (2.0 g L-1) was effective to extend the cold storage life and maintain the highest levels of health-promoting compounds in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit without any symptoms of its toxicity to the fruit","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85354333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of agromorphological diversity of chickling-vetch (Lathyrus cicera L.) landraces in the traditional agroecosystems of Morocco","authors":"Salama El Fatehi, Y. Hmimsa, M. Ater","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3220","url":null,"abstract":"Legumes are an essential component of human and animal food, particularly in the Mediterranean area. While some legumes are widely cultivated and consumed, others are neglected and underused. This is the case of an ancient Mediterranean legume, chickling-vetch (Lathyrus cicera L.), currently considered as a marginal crop. In Morocco, this crop persists in some traditional mountain agroecosystems in the Tadla-Azilal region. This study allowed to specify the cultivated area and the socio-economic characteristics. The estimation of local ecotypes diversity was carried out using agromorphological descriptors on a collection gathering 13 accessions. The used descriptors include germination, phenology, morphology, and production. The analysis of variability revealed the existence of a structured diversity based on ecotypes differentiation with significant geographical and altitudinal influences. The absence of dormancy, precocity, and a short vegetative lifecycle unveil an interesting adaptive potential to aridity. Regarding productivity, the obtained estimates are comparable or above those mentioned in the literature for other provenances. Our results therefore show that local ecotypes contain important genetic resources for conservation and development. This is particularly relevant considering the current context of climate change, where the search for alternative crops, adapted to fit the predicted harsh conditions, is a priority for global food security","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87065940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. F. Teixeira, L. H. Soares, K. Reichardt, D. D. Neto
{"title":"Application of glycine on soybean plants submitted to water deficit","authors":"W. F. Teixeira, L. H. Soares, K. Reichardt, D. D. Neto","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3159","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is one of the most important crops in the world. Studies are necessary to improve its productivity, especially in stress environments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycine as seed treatment to soybean plants submitted to water deficiency, using twelve replicates per treatment. Glycine was applied at a dose of 9 mg kg-1 of seeds under high water deficit (performed at stage V4) and without water deficiency. Root development, antioxidant metabolism and dry mass accumulation of plants were evaluated. Results showed that the application of glycine to plants that were not subjected to water deficiency, promoted the increase of root development, accumulation of mass and reduction of stress in plants. This reflected in 10% increase in productivity compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, plants with glycine application subjected to water deficiency showed a reduction in dry mass accumulation and root development, indicating that these plants suffered the effect of stress. Untreated plants submitted to water deficiency showed symptoms of stress such as reduced accumulation of mass and productivity by 12%. Therefore, the present study reports that the application of glycine on seeds is not very efficient for attenuating stress in soybean plants submitted to water deficiency. However, in environments without water deficiency, the application of glycine on seeds affects the greater development of the plant and increased productivity","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85294485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. F. Valente, V. F. A. Silva, R. Okumura, D. D. C. Mariano, José Nilton da Silva, Bruno Borella Anhê, Lana Leticia Barbosa de Carvalho, Danyllo Amaral de Oliveira, Leonardo José Damasceno, J. R. Galvão
{"title":"Influence of seeding speed and spacing between corn crop lines in the Amazon","authors":"G. F. Valente, V. F. A. Silva, R. Okumura, D. D. C. Mariano, José Nilton da Silva, Bruno Borella Anhê, Lana Leticia Barbosa de Carvalho, Danyllo Amaral de Oliveira, Leonardo José Damasceno, J. R. Galvão","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2922","url":null,"abstract":"The sowing stage in the crop implantation process is directly related to its productivity due to factors such as adequacy of the speed of operation of the seeder-fertilizer and the spacing between lines adopted according to each region of Brazil. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of corn in relation to the spacing between rows and speeds of operation of the seeder-fertilizer in the sowing process in the eastern Amazon region. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Technological Center for Support of Family Farming, located in the municipality of Parauapebas, in the southeastern region of Pará. The experimental design used was in continuous bands (subdivided into five plots) of four treatments, resulting in the factorial arrangement 2 x 2, consisting of two operating speeds (5.5 and 6.5 km h-1) and two spacings between rows of the seeder-fertilizer (0.75 and 0.55 m), totaling 20 experimental plots to evaluate the crop. The evaluations carried out after sowing were: SD (seed depth), TS (total seeds), IP (initial population), PH (plant height), EH (ear height), SD (stem diameter), FP (final population) and SI (survival index). The use of spacing between lines of 0.75 m promoted an increase in stem diameter (2.10 cm), plant height (2.29 cm) and seed depth (4.97 cm). It was found that the increase in operating speed (6.5 km h-1) and the use of 0.55 m line spacing provides an increase in the final plant population (60,000 plants ha-1).","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76593842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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