Current Protocols in Pharmacology最新文献_第7页

Assessment of Ex Vivo Transport Function in Isolated Rodent Brain Capillaries 啮齿动物离体脑毛细血管的体外转运功能评估

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2017-03-17 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.21

Gary N.Y. Chan, Ronald E. Cannon

{"title":"Assessment of Ex Vivo Transport Function in Isolated Rodent Brain Capillaries","authors":"Gary N.Y. Chan, Ronald E. Cannon","doi":"10.1002/cpph.21","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpph.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The blood-brain barrier plays an important role in neuroprotection; however, it can be a major obstacle for drug delivery to the brain. This barrier primarily resides in the brain capillaries and functions as an interface between the brain and peripheral blood circulation. Several anatomical and biochemical elements of the blood-brain barrier are essential to regulate the permeability of nutrients, ions, hormones, toxic metabolites, and xenobiotics into and out of the brain. In particular, high expression of ATP-driven efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle in the delivery of CNS pharmacotherapeutics to the brain. The complete understanding of these elements can offer insights on how to modulate barrier functions for neuroprotection against CNS drug toxicity and to enhance drug delivery to the brain. In the literature, preclinical models of the blood-brain barrier are widely utilized to predict drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties in the brain. In addition, these models are essential tools to investigate cellular mechanisms and novel interventions that alter barrier function and permeability. This unit presents procedures to isolate fresh and viable rodent brain capillaries for the assessment of ex vivo transport activity at the blood-brain barrier. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10871,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Pharmacology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpph.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34821894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Logical Experimental Design and Execution in the Biomedical Sciences 生物医学科学中的逻辑实验设计与执行

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2017-03-17 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.20

Daniel J. Holder, Michael J. Marino

{"title":"Logical Experimental Design and Execution in the Biomedical Sciences","authors":"Daniel J. Holder, Michael J. Marino","doi":"10.1002/cpph.20","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpph.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lack of reproducibility has been highlighted as a significant problem in biomedical research. The present unit is devoted to describing ways to help ensure that research findings can be replicated by others, with a focus on the design and execution of laboratory experiments. Essential components for this include clearly defining the question being asked, using available information or information from pilot studies to aid in the design the experiment, and choosing manipulations under a logical framework based on Mill's “methods of knowing” to build confidence in putative causal links. Final experimental design requires systematic attention to detail, including the choice of controls, sample selection, blinding to avoid bias, and the use of power analysis to determine the sample size. Execution of the experiment is done with care to ensure that the independent variables are controlled and the measurements of the dependent variables are accurate. While there are always differences among laboratories with respect to technical expertise, equipment, and suppliers, execution of the steps itemized in this unit will ensure well-designed and well-executed experiments to answer any question in biomedical research. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10871,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Pharmacology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpph.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34821895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Biomarkers—A General Review 生物标志物综述

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2017-03-17 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.19

Jeffrey K. Aronson, Robin E. Ferner

引用次数: 173

The Quantitative Characterization of Functional Allosteric Effects 功能性变构效应的定量表征

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2017-03-17 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.18

Terry Kenakin

引用次数: 7

Detection of Receptor Heteromerization Using In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay. 利用原位近接测定法检测受体异构化。

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2016-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.15

Ivone Gomes, Salvador Sierra, Lakshmi A Devi

引用次数: 0

Functional Studies of Sodium Channels: From Target to Compound Identification 钠离子通道的功能研究:从靶标到化合物鉴定

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.14

D. Bertrand, B. Biton, T. Licher, J. Chambard, C. Lanneau, M. Partiseti, I. Lefevre

{"title":"Functional Studies of Sodium Channels: From Target to Compound Identification","authors":"D. Bertrand, B. Biton, T. Licher, J. Chambard, C. Lanneau, M. Partiseti, I. Lefevre","doi":"10.1002/cpph.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpph.14","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last six decades, voltage‐gated sodium (Nav) channels have attracted a great deal of scientific and pharmaceutical interest, driving fundamental advances in both biology and technology. The structure and physiological function of these channels have been extensively studied; clinical and genetic data have uncovered their implication in diseases such as epilepsy, arrhythmias, and pain, bringing them into focus as current and future drug targets. While different techniques have been established to record the activity of Nav channels, proper determination of their properties still presents serious challenges, depending upon the experimental conditions and the desired subtype of channel to be characterized. The aim of this unit is to review the characteristics of Nav channels, their properties, the cells in which they can be studied, and the currently available techniques. Topics covered include the determination of Nav‐channel biophysical properties as well as the use of toxins to discriminate between subtypes using electrophysiological or optical methods. Perspectives on the development of high‐throughput screening assays with their advantages and limitations are also discussed to allow a better understanding of the challenges encountered in voltage‐gated sodium channel preclinical drug discovery. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":10871,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Pharmacology","volume":"75 1","pages":"9.21.1 - 9.21.35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpph.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50904447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Overview on Research and Clinical Applications of Optogenetics 光遗传学研究与临床应用综述

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.13

C. Towne, K. Thompson

引用次数: 20

Stability of Drugs, Drug Candidates, and Metabolites in Blood and Plasma 血液和血浆中药物、候选药物和代谢物的稳定性

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.16

G. Reed

{"title":"Stability of Drugs, Drug Candidates, and Metabolites in Blood and Plasma","authors":"G. Reed","doi":"10.1002/cpph.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpph.16","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of drug or drug metabolite concentrations in biological samples, particularly in serum or plasma, is fundamental to describing the relationships between administered dose, route of administration, and time after dose for achieving the optimal clinical response. While a well‐characterized, accurate analytical method is needed to define these parameters, it must also be established that the analyte concentration in the sample at the time of analysis is identical to the concentration at sample acquisition. This is necessitated by the fact that drugs and their metabolites are susceptible to degradation in samples due to metabolism or to physical and chemical processes, resulting in a lower measured concentration than was in the original sample. Careful examination of analyte stability during processing and storage and, if necessary, adjustment of procedures and conditions to maximize stability, are a critical component of method validation to ensure the accuracy of the data. The protocols provided in this unit address the stability of the analytes in whole blood and blood‐derived samples prior to sample preparation for analysis. Issues addressed include sample acquisition, processing of whole blood, and storage of blood‐derived samples. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":10871,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Pharmacology","volume":"75 1","pages":"7.6.1 - 7.6.12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpph.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50904239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Visualization of 5‐HT Receptors Using Radioligand‐Binding Autoradiography 利用放射配体结合放射自显影技术可视化5 - HT受体

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.17

R. Cortės, M. Vilaró, G. Mengod

引用次数: 1

A Mouse Model of Furosemide-Induced Overactive Bladder 速尿尿致膀胱过动症小鼠模型

Current Protocols in Pharmacology Pub Date : 2016-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.10

Michael S. Saporito, Eva Zuvich, Amy DiCamillo

引用次数: 0