{"title":"Determining Dose-Response Characteristics of Molecular Perturbations in Whole-Organism Assays Using Biological Imaging and Machine Learning","authors":"D. Asarnow, Rahul Singh","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621083","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in microscopy and high-content imaging now offer a powerful way to profile the phenotypic response of intact systems to molecular perturbation and study the response irrespective of putative target activity and by preserving the physiological context in the living systems. An emerging challenge in bioinformatics and drug discovery is constituted by data generated from such studies that involve analyzing the effect of specific molecules at the system-wide organism level. In this paper we propose a novel automated approach that combines techniques from biological imaging and machine learning to automatically quantify a fundamental measure of molecular perturbation in an intact biological system, namely, its dose-response characteristics. We validate our results using phenotypic assay data involving post-infective larvae (schistosomula) of the parasitic Schistosoma mansoni flatworm. This parasite is one of the etiological agents of schistosomiasis -a significant neglected tropical disease, which puts at-risk nearly two billion people.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132032891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Cordelli, M. Merone, F. D. Giacinto, B. Daniel, G. Maulucci, S. Sasson, P. Soda
{"title":"Early experiences in 4D quantitative analysis of insulin granules in living beta-cells","authors":"E. Cordelli, M. Merone, F. D. Giacinto, B. Daniel, G. Maulucci, S. Sasson, P. Soda","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621293","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic beta cells biosynthesize and package insulin in insulin granules, whose secretion is regulated to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. The detailed knowledge of the dynamics of insulin granules could reveal defects in the intracellular handling and secretion of these granules, leading to impaired insulin secretion and consequently to the development of several metabolic diseases, including type-2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The use of spinning disk confocal and light sheet microscopy with fast sequential scanning that enable rapid volumetric imaging, allows to monitor at high spatial and temporal resolution the dynamics of insulin granules. However, obtaining all the information for accurate 3D imaging and particle tracking within a single cell is complex and challenging, and extracting information from the particle tracking data requires to analyse the segments of motion trajectories. To this aim, we present in this study a quantitative analysis of the 4D motion of insulin granules in glucose-stimulated INS- 1E beta cells. First, we tracked each granule inside the cells via a computer-based automatic approach relying on a two-step iterative process. Next, we removed the artifacts and introduced a set of quantitative cinematic features describing granule dynamics. Finally, we implemented an unsupervised machine learning based exploratory data analysis, which allows to distinguish two sets of granules marked by distinct dynamics: a first pool is characterized by a diffusive dynamic behavior, and a second pool that is characterized by a more directed and targeted movement. These pools may have distinct functional roles and/or interactions with other structures and organelles in beta cells that could be selectively impaired in pathological settings.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134569782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing Zhan, Nan Wang, Shuilin Jin, Renjie Tan, Qinghua Jiang, Yadong Wang
{"title":"ProbPFP: A Multiple Sequence Alignment Algorithm Combining Partition Function and Hidden Markov Model with Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"Qing Zhan, Nan Wang, Shuilin Jin, Renjie Tan, Qinghua Jiang, Yadong Wang","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621220","url":null,"abstract":"The substitution score for pairwise sequence alignment is essential in conducting multiple sequence alignment (MSA). The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and partition function are two methods that are widely chosen for this purpose. Recent studies showed that the accuracy of alignment could be improved by combining the partition function and HMM algorithms or optimizing the parameters of HMM. However, the combination of optimized HMM and partition function, which could greatly improve the accuracy of alignment, was ignored in these studies. This study presents a new MSA algorithm known as ProbPFP that combines the partition function and the HMM optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO). In this work, the parameters of HMM were first optimized by the PSO algorithm, and the posterior probabilities derived from the HMM were subsequently combined with the results derived from the partition function to compute a comprehensive substitution score for alignment. To assess the effectiveness, ProbPFP was compared with 13 leading aligners, namely, Probalign, CONTRAlign, ProbCons, MUSCLE, MAFFT, COBALT, T-Coffee, ClustalΩ, ClustalW, DIALIGN, PicXAA, Align-m and KALIGN2. The results showed that ProbPFP achieved the highest average sum-of-pairs (SP) scores (0.9015, 0.5984) and average total column (TC) scores (0.8170, 0.3956) on two benchmark sets OXBench and SABmark, as well as the second highest average SP score (0.8250) and average TC score (0.6703) on the benchmark set BAliBASE. We also used the alignments generated by ProbPFP and 4 other leading aligners to rebuild the phylogenetic trees of 6 families from the TreeFam database. The result suggests that the trees from the alignments generated by ProbPFP are closer to the reference trees.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134297942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Huang, Xinyuan Zhang, Jiayi Tong, Jingcheng Du, R. Duan, Liu Yang, J. Moore, Y. Chen, Cui Tao
{"title":"Comparing adverse effects of Hepatitis C drugs using FAERS data","authors":"Jing Huang, Xinyuan Zhang, Jiayi Tong, Jingcheng Du, R. Duan, Liu Yang, J. Moore, Y. Chen, Cui Tao","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621427","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C is a chronic infection that affects more than 100 million people in the world. In the United States, hepatitis C is the number one cause of liver cancer and the most common indication for liver transplantation. Recent advance in hepatitis C research have developed new drugs as a cure for hepatitis C. However, concerns have also been raised over safety of these new hepatitis C drugs. In this study, we presented a statistical procedure to compare the difference in adverse events among multiple hepatitis C drugs using data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. We reported the identified difference in adverse event rates among users of different hepatitis C drugs and estimated the difference attributable to different distributions in age and gender across groups of drug users. Moreover, the proposed procedure is a general pipeline that can be used to test and visualize difference of adverse events among multiple drugs to support regulatory decision-makings.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134338225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simão Paredes, J. Henriques, T. Rocha, P. Carvalho, J. Morais, Luis Santos, R. Carvalho
{"title":"The lookAfterRisk Project: Dynamic Cardiovascular Risk Assessment based on Remote Monitoring Solutions","authors":"Simão Paredes, J. Henriques, T. Rocha, P. Carvalho, J. Morais, Luis Santos, R. Carvalho","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621327","url":null,"abstract":"The LookAfterRisk project addresses the management of myocardial infarction (MI) patients. The main goal is the development of models for cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment of acute events integrating data from home-mobile technologies, in order to stratify patients according to their care needs. The models are applied at hospital admission, in patients with a first episode of acute MI and are continuously updated when the patient returns home.The scientific goal is the use of computational intelligence methodologies for the development of personalized, interpretable and dynamic models in the risk assessment of acute events, i.e., death/re-hospitalization. Three major scientific challenges are addressed: i) extraction of knowledge from recent datasets using data mining approaches; ii) integration of this knowledge with clinical evidence in a meaningful and interpretable way; iii) update of risk level based on data periodically collected at home during the follow up period.The result is an integrated tele-monitoring platform, merging the advantages of the continuous monitoring provided by low cost mobile technologies with prediction models.The validation is performed in the hospital admission using the largest MI Portuguese dataset (N=16000), provided by the Portuguese Society of Cardiology (PSC). The second phase is based on a home telemonitoring observational study (9 months), involving 50 patients (admitted with a first episode of acute MI). The data collected at patient’s home will be: blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol and glycaemia. The project lasts 36 months; the team is composed by University of Coimbra, Leiria Hospital Centre and has the commitment of SPC.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131801200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic 3D Neuron Tracing Based on Terminations Detection","authors":"Chao Wang, Weixun Chen, Min Liu, Zhi Zhou","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621212","url":null,"abstract":"The digital reconstruction of neuron morphology in volumetric images is important for understanding the connectivity of neurons system. In this paper, we developed an automatic neuron reconstruction (tracing) framework based on neuron termination points. The neuron terminations are detected by an adaptive ray-shooting model which analyzes the intensity distribution of the neighborhood around the termination point candidates. Based on the detected neuron terminations, a graph-augmented deformable model based on the shortest path rule is employed to reconstruct the 3D neuron structure. The experimental results on multiple 3D neuron images validated the effectiveness of the proposed method to reconstruct the neuron structures.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132961515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Deep Learning to Classify X-ray Images of Potential Tuberculosis Patients","authors":"Ojasvi Yadav, K. Passi, Chakresh Kumar Jain","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621525","url":null,"abstract":"Deep Learning is widely used for image classification. Its success heavily relies on data which contains a sufficient amount of region of interest (~10%). However, due to the region of interest in medical images being as low as 1% of the entire image, Deep Learning has not been conveniently used for such cases. In this study, we employ recent techniques brought forth in Deep Learning and aim to classify X-ray images of potential Tuberculosis patients. Different types of learning rate enhancement techniques were used. Significant improvement was observed when coarse-to-fine knowledge transfer was employed to fine-tune the model further using multiple data augmentation techniques. We achieved an overall accuracy of 94.89% on the augmented images.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"544 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132970250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue Li, Zhiyue Fu, P. Qian, Lijuan Wang, Hongkai Zhang, Xiaofang Zhou, Wenqiang Zhang, Fufeng Li
{"title":"Computerized Wrist pulse signal Diagnosis using Gradient Boosting Decision Tree","authors":"Xue Li, Zhiyue Fu, P. Qian, Lijuan Wang, Hongkai Zhang, Xiaofang Zhou, Wenqiang Zhang, Fufeng Li","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621391","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pulse diagnosis is an important diagnostic method that has a long history and has been widely applied. Wrist pulse signals can be used to analyze a person’s health status, reflecting the pathologic changes of the person’s body condition. With regard to TCM pulse diagnosis, the However, the traditional diagnostic approach has been mainly based on the feel of the doctor, which is non-quantitative and subjective. This paper aims to present a new classification method is proposed for analyzing wrist pulse signals, to provide an automatic and quantitative approach for the diagnosis of TCM based on the pulse. Methods: First, the time domain analysis and hemodynamics method were used to extract and analyze pulse parameters. Then the filtering method was used to select all features. Furthermore, GBDT was used to classify and identify the pulse, and establish a model. Results: The wave peaks, wave valleys and time periods, pulse wave velocity and reflection factors are extracted by time domain analysis and hemodynamic analysis. Then, four important features, including h3/h1, h4/h1, w/t and Rf, were selected using the filter feature selection method. Then, the GBDT classification method was used to classify the pulse image of TCM. The middle GBDT classification method exhibited the best effect. The recognition accuracy of the sliding vein, chord vein and chord pulse was 90.33%, 83.52%, 97.74% and 78.60%, respectively, and the overall recognition accuracy was 90.51%. Conclusion: The parameters of the pulse map were optimized and the classification and recognition model of the pulse image was established to realize the automatic recognition of characteristics of pulse diagnosis in TCM. Based on the GBDT classification recognition method, a more accurate classification and recognition model of TCM was established.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131059152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An embedded method for gene identification in heterogenous data involving unwanted heterogeneity","authors":"Meng Lu","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621445","url":null,"abstract":"The various ways of data collection for modern applications such as bioinformatics result in heterogeneous data, which presents challenges for traditional variable selection methods that assume data is independent and identically distributed. Existing statistical models accounting for unwanted variation can be applied for gene identification in heterogeneous genetic data, which however suffer from variable redundancy and also lack of predictability. To cope with that, we propose an embedded variable selection method for gene identification from a sparse learning perspective which is capable of accounting for unwanted heterogeneity blurring the true gene effects. Its performance is investigated by studying two different unsupervised and supervised gene identification problems in which the benchmark data samples are heterogeneous and collected with group structures. The results have demonstrated the superiority of our method over state-of-the art methods by effectively accounting for the unwanted heterogeneity in both cases.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131091310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Image pre-processing in computer vision systems for melanoma detection","authors":"E. Vocaturo, E. Zumpano, P. Veltri","doi":"10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2018.8621507","url":null,"abstract":"The tumors on the skin are characterized by a high mortality rate. Research is attempting the automatic early diagnosis of melanoma, a lethal form of skin cancer, from dermoscopic images. Automatic diagnostics provides a valid “second opinion“ to support physicians in deciding whether a skin lesion is a benign mole or a malignant melanoma. Determining effective detection methods to reduce the rate of error in diagnosis is a crucial challenge. Computer vision systems are characterized by several fundamental steps. Preprocessing is the first phase of detection and plays a fundamental role: the elimination of noise and irrelevant parts against the background of skin images to improve image quality. The purpose of this paper is to review the pre-processing approaches that can be used on skin cancer images. The current interest in the automatic analysis of images, is motivated by the possibility of being able to provide quantitative information on a lesion and to implement self diagnosis solutions.","PeriodicalId":108667,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131164510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}