Current cancer drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Identification of AR-targeted Active Compounds from Euphorbia humifusa Willd for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Mireguli Abulimiti, Mourboul Ablise, Jialu Hu, Chengjing Shen, Gulijikere Kuerban, Aikebaier Maimaiti","doi":"10.2174/0115680096359255250420022821","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115680096359255250420022821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Euphorbia humifusa Willd (EH) is a traditional medicinal herb in China. However, the anti-prostate cancer active compounds of EH and their molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. </p><p> Methods: The peaks of EH water extract in the fingerprinting were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The cell viability of 22RV1 cells was determined via MTT. The active compounds and potential targets were screened in silico. The prostate cancer-associated targets were collected from the GeneCards database. The herb-compound-target-disease (H-C-T-D) and PPI networks were constructed to predict key targets. The molecular docking analysis of the active compounds with key targets was conducted using Autodock Vina 1.1.2. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression.</p><p> Results: LC-MS results demonstrated that EH water extract is a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids. EH water extract inhibited the viability of 22RV1 cells in a time-and dosedependent manner. Moreover, the in silico screening results identified 17 active compounds from EH with 518 prostate cancer-related key genes. Moreover, an H-C-T-D network analysis combined with the PPI network results effectively identified seven chemical compounds, oestrogen receptor 1, and androgen receptor (AR) to be highly related to prostate cancer. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that 4',5-dihydroxyflavone, ensaculin, luteolin, hypolaetin, quercetin, and kaempferol had a strong binding affinity with AR. Finally, Western blot results demonstrated that EH water extract, quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin significantly down-regulated the AR protein expression in 22RV1 cells.</p><p> Conclusion: These results suggest that EH may provide a new promising therapeutic for prostate cancer treatment.</p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data to Investigate Tumor Cell Heterogeneity in Uroepithelial Bladder Cancer and Predict Immunotherapy Response.","authors":"Lu Zhang, Yu Wang, Jianjun Tan","doi":"10.2174/0115680096377593250626133719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096377593250626133719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous studies have suggested a close association between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME), suggesting that cancer stem-ness might also contribute to ICI resistance. However, the interplay between these physio-logical processes in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A meta-analysis was performed using the UBC Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset, and tumor stemness gene sets (Ste.genes) were obtained. The relationship between Ste.genes and ICI response, as well as response to drug therapy, was investigated using Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) and drug sensitivity analyses. Machine learning based on Ste.genes was also used to predict ICI response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A hypoxia-related tumor subgroup associated with angiogenesis and tumor metastasis was identified, and prognostic models were constructed based on hypoxic tumor subgroups. It was also found that the Ste.genes score was associated with cellular immunity, tumor immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity. Multiple machine learning models were used to predict ICI response based on Ste.genes, and the AUC was greater than 0.7, indicating that Ste.genes can predict ICI response effectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the analysis of UBC scRNA-seq data provided further insight into the role of hypoxic tumor subpopulations in tumor development in UBC, and a prognostic model was constructed. Additionally, an association was found between cell stemness and resistance to immunotherapy as well as drug sensitivity in UBC. Ste.genes were extracted and utilized to predict the ICI response.</p>","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleolin as a Crucial Player in Head and Neck Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives.","authors":"Keerthivasu Ramasamy, Raksa Arun, Saif Feroz Khan, Sharon Prince, ArulJothi Kandasamy Nagarajan","doi":"10.2174/0115680096370250250513115130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096370250250513115130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) encompasses a diverse group of malignancies arising in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and related structures. It represents a significant global health bur- den due to its high incidence, aggressive progression, and strong associations with environmental and viral risk factors like tobacco use and HPV infection. HNC, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, ranks as the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Despite the established role of these risk factors, the molecular mechanisms driving disease progression remain underexplored, especially in the context of specific biomarkers like Nucleolin (NCL). Nucleolin, a multifunctional protein, is pivotal in cancer progression, regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveal significant overexpression of NCL in HNC, particularly in advanced stages, correlating with poor prognosis and reduced patient survival. These findings highlight its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. This review provides a fresh perspective on the underexplored potential of NCL as a therapeutic target in HPV-induced HNC and oral cancer. Emerging approaches, such as the AS1411 aptamer and F3 peptide, offer promising avenues for targeting NCL, paving the way for more effective, personalized cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircRNAs Regulate Senescence-Associated miRNAs in Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Shiyu Chen, Xiaoyan Yang, Xiaoyong Lei, Huifang Tang","doi":"10.2174/0115680096365738250618201121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096365738250618201121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer is closely associated with the aging process, with its incidence and mortality rates significantly increasing with age, peaking around 85 years. Despite advance-ments in treatment modalities, current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain insuffi-cient, resulting in persistently low five-year survival rates among patients. The expanding global population and the intensifying aging process are anticipated to exacerbate the global burden of gastric cancer further, underscoring the urgency of exploring novel therapeutic strat-egies. A complex relationship exists between gastric cancer and cellular senescence, although the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Cellular senescence is prevalent in gastric cancer treatment, typically serving as a natural anti-tumor barrier by inhibiting the un-controlled proliferation and malignant transformation of cancer cells. However, prolonged cel-lular senescence may trigger the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, thereby promoting tu-morigenesis and progression. A systematic analysis of existing research data has revealed sig-nificant intersections between therapeutic targets for gastric cancer and senescence-associated signaling pathways, suggesting that modulating these critical nodes may constitute a pivotal mechanism for exploring novel therapeutic strategies bridging gastric cancer treatment and se-nescence. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have garnered considerable attention with the advance-ment of bioinformatics and high-throughput sequencing technologies. As key regulatory fac-tors, circRNAs can modulate microRNAs (miRNAs) through a \"sponge adsorption\" mecha-nism, thereby influencing the post-transcriptional modification of critical genes. Given their high structural stability and widespread distribution in vivo, circRNAs have emerged as ideal candidate molecules for biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. This review fo-cuses on the mechanisms by which circRNAs, through sponging miRNAs, regulate key nodes in therapeutic targets and senescence signaling pathways in gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Diffuse High-Grade Gliomas: A Comprehensive Review Of Ad-vanced Methods Of Diagnosis And Treatment.","authors":"Roja Rani Budha, Saba Wahid Khan, Deep Chandraprakash Sharma, Yash Kulchandani, Koteswara Rao Gsn","doi":"10.2174/0115680096365252250618115641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096365252250618115641","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor, posing significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment, particularly in children. Understanding the pathogenesis, molecular biology, symptom presentation, and imaging features of GBM is vital for effective therapy. This review summarizes current knowledge on pediatric GBM, focusing on diagnosis and treatment. GBM typically arises from the cerebral hemispheres, with gross features marked by heterogeneous morphology and aggressive cell populations. Recent advances in genomic research have shed light on distinct molecular pathways associated with primary and secondary GBMs. Clinical symptoms vary widely, but commonly include neurological deficits and increased intracranial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its excellent soft tissue contrast, is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring GBM. Emerging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), provide insights into the tumor's microstructure and vascularity, assisting in the development of therapeutic strategies and response assessment. Despite advances in imaging, challenges remain in accurately diagnosing and managing pediatric GBM due to its molecular heterogeneity and unique biological behavior. New therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, offer hope for improving outcomes in children with GBM. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate these treatments alongside standard options, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, to meet the unmet needs of pediatric oncology. A multidisciplinary approach, tailored to the individual characteristics of both the patient and the tumor, is essential to optimize treatment and outcomes for pediatric GBM patients. This review highlights the role of advanced MRI techniques in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, while emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials to develop more effective therapies for this devastating disease.Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a complex and aggressive brain tumor that presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in both adults and children. Un-derstanding the pathogenesis, molecular biology, symptom presentation, and imaging fea-tures of GBM is vital for effective therapy. This review summarizes current knowledge on pediatric GBM, specifically Pediatric Diffuse High-Grade Gliomas (pHGG), focusing on diagnosis and treatment. GBM typically arises from the cerebral hemispheres, with gross features marked by heterogeneous morphology and aggressive cell populations. Recent ad-vances in genomic research have shed light on distinct molecular pathways associated with primary and secondary GBMs. Clinical symptoms vary widely but commonly include neu-rological deficits and increased intracranial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its excellent soft tissue contrast, is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring GBM. Emerg-ing techniques, such a","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of the Potential Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Sanaa K Bardaweel, Rima Hajjo, Osama H Abusara, Dima Sabbah, Dima Hattab, Asal S Alabdullah, Hashem AlJarrah, Zainab A Rashid","doi":"10.2174/0115680096372733250611114329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096372733250611114329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a major health problem and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay therapeutic option to treat cancer patients, which consists of conventional, hormonal, and/or targeted therapies. However, the significant adverse effects, negative impact on patients' quality of life, and high costs of some medications, as well as the challenges associated with developing new drugs, are prompting the scientific community to seek innovative and alternative treatment strategies. One such strategy is drug repurposing, the use of existing drugs, already approved for other medical conditions for cancer treatment, lev-eraging their known safety and toxicity profiles. Among these groups are the selective seroto-nin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that target serotonin transporter (SERT). In this review, we presented the mechanism of action of SSRIs on the systems biology level, along with their network pharmacology related to protein-protein interactions. We also showed the association of SSRIs and SERT with various diseases, including several types of cancer. Knowing the expression of SERT in cancer and being a target for SSRIs, studies have been investigating the repurposing of SSRIs for cancer treatment. This review also presents a summary of several clinical and preclinical studies that have investigated the use of SSRIs either as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy for cancer treatment, showing promising results. Collectively, they have shown the antiproliferative and growth inhibition effects on cancer cells and/or tumors. We also presented the mechanism(s) of action and pathways these drugs are acting in cancer, along with molecular changes in cellular proteins and enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Compounds Carrying Mono- and Bis-Thiazole Nuclei with Distinct Heterocyclic Analogues for Addressing Cancer Challenges.","authors":"T Saravanan, C Selvinthanuja, S Jubie, M K Kathiravan, R Thilagavathy, V Ravichandran, T Prabha","doi":"10.2174/0115680096375796250610065705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096375796250610065705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The thiazole nucleus serves as a bioactive synthetic scaffold in drug design and discovery due to its diverse pharmacological activities. It was discovered that many types of thiazole derivatives, including those with one, two, or three substitutions, five- or six-membered heterocycles, fused rings, and thiazole-derived Schiff bases, hydrazinyl derivatives, amides, chalcones, and bis-thiazoles, can fight cancer. Thus, the structural diversity of thiazole nuclei makes it one of the significant areas of research in the pharmaceutical field.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We would like to elaborate on the recent literature available on the antiproliferative property of molecules bearing 1,3-thiazole nuclei.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review summarises the anticancer potency of thiazole derivatives collected from recently available scientific literature. We extracted the information from online databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using relevant keywords from 2016 to the present. We discuss the current state of thiazole derivatives and highlight the most promising compounds. We also describe how they work and what their half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) is.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on our extensive literature review, we found that thiazole derivatives exhibit anticancer activity through their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, mitochondrial membrane disruption by blocking signalling pathways such as Akt, NFkB, PI3K, and Src/Abl, and inhibition of proteins responsible for cell growth. Moreover, thiazole-protein interactions essential for cancer inhibition are predominantly regulated by hydrogen bonding, supported by the sulphur and nitrogen atoms in the thiazole molecule, which effectively interacts with the amino acids serine, tyrosine, and glutamine. π-π stacking and π-cation interactions involving aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, along with hydrophobic effects and van der Waals forces, play a crucial role in thiazole-protein interactions. These interactions dictate binding affinity and efficacy, measured through thermodynamic characteristics such as Binding Constant (Kb), Dissociation Constant (Kd), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG). Comprehending these features is essential for the development of effective thiazole-based anticancer pharmaceuticals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This cumulative information is enough to give new ideas for the rational drug design of thiazole-based derivatives and could be pursued as a promising lead in the future for the management of cancer threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Potential of E-cadherin Re-expression along with Trichostatin A and Zebularine in Enhancing Tumour Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells.","authors":"Ser Hui San, Sonia How Ming Wong, Chee Mun Fang, Siew Ching Ngai","doi":"10.2174/0115680096374361250610075556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096374361250610075556","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an emerging anti-cancer therapy that targets and eliminates cancer cells without harming normal healthy cells. However, TRAIL therapy is limited by resistance. Notably, the depletion of the E-cadherin (CDH1) gene has been significantly associated with TRAIL resistance, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells like MDA-MB-231. However, its re-expression has the potential to improve TRAIL-induced apoptosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study focused on evaluating the potential of E-cadherin re-expression as the biomarker in sensitizing TRAIL-induced apoptosis and exploring the potential effects when E-cadherin is in combination with Trichostatin A (TSA), Zeb (Zeb), and TRAIL, which is a triple combinational treatment (TZT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study utilized three cell models: E-MDA-MB-231, which represents MDA-MB-231 that re-expressed E-cadherin, the parental MDA-MB-231 that inherently lacks E-cadherin, and MCF-7 that naturally expresses E-cadherin. Following 48 hours of drug treatment, the cells were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), followed by flow cytomet-ric analysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Annexin V/Propidium Iodide, reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and Western blot to deter-mine the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;All treatments, both single and combinational, induced significant apoptotic morphology changes, with TZT-treated more evident in all cell lines. Moreover, based on flow cy-tometric analysis, TZ caused the highest early apoptosis in E-MDA-MB-231 (7.43%) and MDA-MB-231 (10.67%), while TZT was shown effectiveness in MCF-7 (42.23%). Consistent with flow cytometry results, further RT-PCR analysis indicated that E-cadherin in combination with TSA and Zeb (TZ) has the potential to improve the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, likely by increasing 1.5-fold of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio compared to the control, suggesting a shift toward a pro-apoptotic state. Finally, Western blot revealed that TZ, TRAIL, and TZT induced cleaved PARP in E-MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231, suggesting apoptosis induction. Meanwhile in MCF-7 cells, cleaved PARP was observed only with TZ and TZT treatments. Notably, TRAIL treatment led to the highest cleaved PARP in E-MDA-MB-231 cells, while in MDA-MB-231, TZ treatment resulted in the most pronounced cleavage. This suggests that E-cadherin re-ex-pression enhances TRAIL sensitivity in E-MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas apoptosis is more effectively induced by TZ treatment in MDA-MB-231 cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In summary, H&E staining showed the positive effect of E-cadherin in sustaining apoptosis induced by TRAIL, especially in combination with TSA and Zeb. However, based on flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot results, TZ and TRAIL could potentially of","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversial Role of Opioids: From Pain Control to Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Mudasir Maqbool, Gyas Khan, Liming Zhang, Md Sadique Hussain","doi":"10.2174/0115680096391788250610080609","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115680096391788250610080609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opioids are widely used for pain management in breast cancer patients; however, their influence on tumor progression and recurrence remains controversial. Opioid receptors-mu (MOR), delta (DOR), and kappa (KOR)-play diverse roles in cancer biology, modulating tumor growth, im-mune responses, and angiogenesis. MOR activation is associated with increased proliferation, Epi-thelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), and immunosuppression, contributing to an aggressive tu-mor phenotype. Conversely, KOR exhibits tumor-suppressive properties, reducing angiogenesis via VEGF inhibition. Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that opioids, particularly morphine, may facilitate breast cancer progression by enhancing cancer cell migration, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Genetic variations in opioid receptor pathways, such as the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism, further complicate the opioid-cancer relationship, demonstrating population-dependent effects on pa-tient outcomes. In contrast, tramadol has shown potential immune-protective effects by preserving Natural Killer (NK) cell function and inhibiting adrenergic signaling; fentanyl and sufentanil exhibit variable impacts on tumor biology, necessitating further investigation. Clinical studies, however, re-main inconclusive regarding opioids #039; direct contribution to breast cancer recurrence, highlighting the need for targeted research. Opioid-sparing analgesic strategies, including multimodal pain manage-ment, regional anesthesia, and immunomodulatory agents, offer promising alternatives to mitigate potential oncogenic risks while ensuring adequate pain relief. Future studies integrating single-cell transcriptomics and tumor microenvironment analyses will be critical in elucidating the molecular impact of opioids in breast cancer. Personalized pain management approaches tailored to genetic and clinical profiles may optimize oncological outcomes while preserving analgesic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Regulating PD-L1 Expression in Breast Cancer: Emerging Insights and Implications.","authors":"Jianqin Zhu, Weijin Zhu, Xulin Zhou, Jingwen Hua, Xiaochun Sun","doi":"10.2174/0115680096376016250607151653","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115680096376016250607151653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The initiation and progression of breast cancer generally involve complex immune regulatory mechanisms, with increased expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as an essential factor for immune evasion and the formation of a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment. Emerging evidence underscores the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating PD-L1 expression, influencing immune evasion, tumorigenesis, and therapy resistance in breast cancer. Therefore, it is crucial further to clarify alternative regula-tory mechanisms that control PD-L1 expression. The variations in PD-L1 expression among different breast cancer subtypes and the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate the expres-sion of PD-L1 are delineated. This study explores the potential and challenges of combining ncRNA-based therapy with PD-L1 inhibitors, offering insights into PD-L1 regulation and per-sonalized treatment strategies in breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10816,"journal":{"name":"Current cancer drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}