Acta Physiologica最新文献

{"title":"Did you know? Aging does not compromise the inhibitory influence of the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors on blood pressure during exercise","authors":"Stefanos Volianitis, Chie Yoshiga, Thomas Vogelsang, Niels H. Secher","doi":"10.1111/apha.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Older people develop an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) during whole body exercise, which is associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, future hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy.<span><sup>1</sup></span> Since regular exercise is a common mitigating strategy for many health pathologies associated with aging, identification of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the exaggerated BP response is warranted in order to establish effective exercise prescription.</p><p>Blood pressure, both at rest and exercise, is regulated within a narrow range around a set value (operating point, OP) by the arterial baroreflex (ABR) via modulation of autonomic neural activity to the heart and vasculature.<span><sup>2</sup></span> As BP increases during exercise, the ABR is reset in direct relation to the exercise intensity, and regulates the elevated BP around the new OP.<span><sup>2</sup></span> The resetting of the ABR during exercise is mediated by activation and interaction of central and peripheral signals arising from higher brain centers (central command), exercising skeletal muscles (exercise pressor reflex) and the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors.<span><sup>3, 4</sup></span></p><p>In young healthy adults, loading of the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors during dynamic exercise inhibits the ABR resetting and lowers the prevailing BP during exercise,<span><sup>3, 4</sup></span> presumably by providing a strong inhibitory influence on the muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Considering that the interaction between cardiopulmonary baroreceptors and ABR is attenuated with aging,<span><sup>5</sup></span> it is plausible that the exaggerated BP response to exercise in the elderly is due to an impaired cardiopulmonary baroreflex, such that attenuated inhibition of MSNA fails to adequately reset the ABR to a lower BP.</p><p>The effect of aging on the attenuating influence of the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors on the ABR resetting during exercise was evaluated by comparing the carotid-vasomotor baroreflex function curve in young (24 ± 1 years; <i>n</i> = 12) and older (71 ± 2 years; <i>n</i> = 12) healthy normotensive adults during upright and supine sub-maximal cycling that aimed to increase central blood volume, and thus load the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. Both age groups, who were recreationally physically active 2–3 times per week but not systematically training, non-smokers and free from current medical symptoms, medication and history of major disease, signed informed consent to participate in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Copenhagen ethics committee (KF 01-186/02).</p><p>All subjects were familiarized with the experimental procedures, and abstained from eating for 2 h, caffeinated beverages for 12 h, and strenuous physical activity and alcohol for at least 24 h prior to the experimental session. Heart rate, BP and oxygen uptake (V̇O<sub>2</sub>","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apha.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striatin protein's role in human cardiomyocytes: Connection to electrical dysregulation and sudden cardiac death","authors":"Ibrahim El-Battrawy, Nazha Hamdani, Ibrahim Akin","doi":"10.1111/apha.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apha.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Striatin (Strn) is an important scaffolding protein linked to various cardiovascular diseases, including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as demonstrated in preclinical<span><sup>1-3</sup></span> studies. The use of cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells has become increasingly valuable for studying the molecular pathomechanisms underlying these cardiomyopathies. These models closely resemble human cardiomyocytes and possess the ability to differentiate into various cell<span><sup>4-9</sup></span> types, providing a robust platform for preclinical studies and drug screening. Despite their inherent limitations, such as the lack of hormonal or neural support, these models have successfully elucidated several channelopathies and cardiomyopathies.<span><sup>4-11</sup></span></p><p>Strn is characterized by four distinct protein–protein interaction domains, yet its functional role in cardiomyocytes remains inadequately explored. Notably, the specific impact of Strn on ion channel currents within cardiomyocytes has not been investigated until now. The study by Benzoni et al.<span><sup>12</sup></span> provides the first evidence of Strn's functional significance through a knockout model in cardiomyocytes derived from embryoid bodies. The authors observe critical dysregulation in contraction dynamics and intracellular calcium handling, alongside a higher beating rate and alterations in action potential characteristics. Their findings reveal increased densities of both transient and late sodium channel currents in the Strn knockout model. Furthermore, the authors analyze INCX activity, noting a reduction in the knockout model compared to wild-type cardiomyocytes, which suggests a potential interplay between sodium channel currents and calcium homeostasis.</p><p>Benzoni et al. propose that these observed alterations stem from a dysregulated cytoskeletal network and ion channel function due to the absence of Strn. Intriguingly, the study also explores the effects of taxol, a significant inhibitor of the late sodium current, which reverses the observed changes in the knockout model. This finding underscores the multifaceted role of Strn in not only mediating functional changes in heart muscle but also modulating broader aspects of cellular physiology.</p><p>Previous studies have indicated that cardiac Strn interacts with caveolin-3 and calmodulin in a calcium-sensitive manner, which regulates the spontaneous contraction<span><sup>13</sup></span> rate of cardiomyocytes (Figure 1). Additionally, genome-wide association studies have linked the localization of Strn to changes in QRS duration, suggesting its potential involvement in heart rhythm disorders and sudden cardiac death.<span><sup>14</sup></span> However, comprehensive studies involving larger patient cohorts are necessary to fully elucidate the role of Strn in these pathologies.</p><p","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apha.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster Communications","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/apha.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.70004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 S733","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apha.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conference Details","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/apha.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.70000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 S733","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apha.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conferences","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/apha.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.70003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 S733","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apha.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Communications","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/apha.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.70001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 S733","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apha.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symposia and Panel","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/apha.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.70002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 S733","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apha.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor prevents cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction through the activation of NOX-4 in female hormone deprivation rats","authors":"Samya Mere L. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Carolina F. Ximenes,&nbsp;Nathália Rodrigues,&nbsp;Karoline Ronconi,&nbsp;Anna Karolina Nascimento Costa,&nbsp;Livia Barroca Vieira,&nbsp;Maria Luiza Yago da Silva,&nbsp;Katyana K. S. Ferreira,&nbsp;Marcos Eliezeck,&nbsp;Sergio Scalzo,&nbsp;André Monteiro,&nbsp;Bruno Sanches,&nbsp;Thiago Spalenza,&nbsp;Aurélia Araújo Fernandes,&nbsp;Silvia Guatimosim,&nbsp;Kurt J. Varner,&nbsp;Eduardo Hertel Ribeiro,&nbsp;Ivanita Stefanon","doi":"10.1111/apha.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apha.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Young women exhibit lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than age-matched men, a protective effect often attributed to estrogen's influence on cardiac and mitochondrial function. The risk of CVD increases in post-menopausal women, likely due to estrogen deficiency and aldosterone's negative effects, including those on mitochondria and other cellular targets. This study aimed to explore the link between estrogen deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac health. We hypothesized that in estrogen-deprived conditions, aldosterone could stimulate NADPH oxidase, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced cardiac contractility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Sham, Ovariectomy-induced hormone deprivation (Ovx), Ovx with apocynin treatment, and Ovx with spironolactone treatment for 60 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both apocynin and spironolactone countered the adverse effects of hormone deprivation by preserving myocardial contractility, improving cellular responses to calcium and isoproterenol, and normalizing the expression of key mitochondrial proteins. These compounds also attenuated the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintained mitochondrial respiration rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We concluded that estrogen deficiency contributes to cardiac oxidative stress via the NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial pathways. Apocynin and spironolactone offer significant protective effects, opening new avenues for treating cardiac issues related to estrogen deficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid stimulation of protein synthesis in digesting snakes: Unveiling a novel gut-pancreas-muscle axis","authors":"Emil Rindom,&nbsp;Katja Bundgaard Last,&nbsp;Anja Svane,&nbsp;Asger Fammé,&nbsp;Per G. Henriksen,&nbsp;Jean Farup,&nbsp;Niels Jessen,&nbsp;Frank Vincenzo de Paoli,&nbsp;Tobias Wang","doi":"10.1111/apha.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apha.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Snakes exhibit remarkable physiological shifts when their large meals induce robust postprandial growth after prolonged fasting. To understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying this rapid metabolic transition, we examined the regulation of protein synthesis in pythons, focusing on processes driving early postprandial tissue remodeling and growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the SUnSET method with puromycin labeling, we measured in vivo protein synthesis in fasting and digesting snakes at multiple post-feeding intervals. Pyloric ligation, pancreatectomy, and plasma transfusions were performed to explore the roles of gastrointestinal luminal signaling and pancreatic function across key tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed profound and early stimulation of protein synthesis in gastrointestinal tissues and skeletal muscle already 3 h after ingestion, before any measurable rise in plasma amino acids from the meal. The gastrointestinal stimulation appears to be driven by luminal factors, while the stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis is humoral with pancreatic insulin release as an integral mediator. The pre-absorptive anabolic activity is supported by the release of amino acids from the breakdown of endogenous proteins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that snakes initiate protein synthesis via distinct, tissue-specific pathways preceding nutrient absorption. This “pay before pumping” model shows how early protein synthesis prepares the digestive and muscular systems for later nutrient assimilation and growth. This intricate humoral regulation, involving a gut-pancreas-muscle axis, governs postprandial protein synthesis in snakes and provides insights into fundamental mechanisms driving metabolic adaptations and broader hyperplastic and hypertrophic responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neonate respiratory microbiome","authors":"Sabine Pirr,&nbsp;Maike Willers,&nbsp;Dorothee Viemann","doi":"10.1111/apha.14266","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apha.14266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past two decades, it has become clear that against earlier assumptions, the respiratory tract is regularly populated by a variety of microbiota even down to the lowest parts of the lungs. New methods and technologies revealed distinct microbiome compositions and developmental trajectories in the differing parts of the respiratory tract of neonates and infants. In this review, we describe the current understanding of respiratory microbiota development in human neonates and highlight multiple factors that have been identified to impact human respiratory microbiome development including gestational age, mode of delivery, diet, antibiotic treatment, and early infections. Moreover, we discuss to date revealed respiratory microbiome–disease associations in infants and children that may indicate a potentially imprinting cross talk between microbial communities and the host immune system in the respiratory tract. It becomes obvious how insufficient our knowledge still is regarding the exact mechanisms underlying such cross talk in humans. Lastly, we highlight strong findings that emphasize the important role of the gut–lung axis in educating and driving pulmonary immunity. Further research is needed to better understand the host – respiratory microbiome interaction in order to enable the translation into microbiome-based strategies to protect and improve human respiratory health from early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":107,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologica","volume":"241 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}