Criminal Justice最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: Critical Issues in Restorative Justice","authors":"J. O’Mahoney","doi":"10.1177/1466802505053498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1466802505053498","url":null,"abstract":"As the influence of restorative justice on criminal justice expands, committed restorative justice advocates are recognizing the need for a more critical approach in order to compare the vision against the reality. Howard Zehr and Barb Toews believe that if restorative justice is to retain its integrity then threats to its ‘soul’ must be confronted. Restorative justice might, for example, have unintended consequences that compromise its veracity or it may retain its integrity but be marginalized and ineffective. To this end Zehr and Toews have invited an international group of writers to contribute a critical perspective through addressing a set of questions about restorative justice. The book appears, at first glance, to be overly ambitious in the range of ‘critical issues’ related to restorative justice, which it covers in 31 chapters. However each chapter is brief and addresses very specific issues, which are likely to be raised by practitioners or students. These questions are helpfully included in the Appendix. The book is divided into six main sections: principles and concepts; stakeholder issues; governments and systems; practice and practitioners; indigenous and religious traditions; and social justice. Each part also has a short introduction describing the scope of the topic and, because the intention is that the book should make a contribution to an ongoing dialogue, each chapter ends with a correspondence address. One of the strengths of this book is that it not only includes some of the key theorists and researchers in criminology and criminal justice, but also an interesting range of writers who have experienced restorative justice at grassroots level. The result is a useful collection of ideas, which is likely to contribute to both theoretical and policy debates. Part 1 explores the problems and possibilities that emerge from the lack of a standard definition of restorative justice. An interesting contribution is a chapter by Val Napoleon, who writes from the perspective of a member of an aboriginal community. She asks ‘who defines restorative justice?’. She challenges a Western model of reality, which, she suggests, is a model of the cause B O O K R E V I E W S","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"5 1","pages":"197 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78687250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policing, crime and public health","authors":"D. Dixon, L. Maher","doi":"10.1177/1466802505053494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1466802505053494","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the influence on policing in Sydney, Australia of the crime control strategies developed in New York City in the 1990s, which are popularly credited with having significantly reduced crime rates. The ‘New York miracle’ is considered as an ‘enthusiasm’, a positive relation of the moral panic. Claims that the NYPD reduced crime with a strategy based on ‘zero tolerance’ or ‘broken windows’ are critically examined. The second half of the article presents a case study of how international developments in policing impacted on a heroin market in Cabramatta, a suburb of Sydney which, in the 1990s, became known as Australia’s ‘heroin capital’. The study shows how transferred policies are implemented, how elements of them may conflict, and how the crucial transfer may be not so much of particular policies, but rather of less specific perceptions and attitudes, in this case a confidence in the ability of police to reduce crime. It concludes by focusing on the collateral damage (particularly to public health) caused by police crackdowns on drug markets. Research is reported which found an alarming increase in the incidence of hepatitis C among intravenous drug users as a result of policing activity in Cabramatta.","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"10 1","pages":"115 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73885184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of the juvenile justice system","authors":"David J. Smith","doi":"10.1177/1466802505053497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1466802505053497","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic assessment of the substantial research evidence on ‘what works’ has shown that flagship programmes have a modest effect, on average, in changing the future behaviour of young offenders. Yet actual juvenile justice systems do not typically deliver the modest benefits provided by programmes selected for evaluation, and probably they never will. Comparative research shows that a passive and lenient juvenile justice system may produce the same level of youth offending as an active and punitive one. Evidence that some programmes work should not be used as a platform for expanding the scope and activity of the juvenile justice system. Instead, the influence of juvenile justice on the future behaviour of young offenders should be seen as just one element in the evaluation of a system that will always struggle to meet a complex range of partly conflicting objectives.","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"64 1","pages":"181 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78700125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Pan-African Issues in Crime and Justice","authors":"R. Earle","doi":"10.1177/146680250500500208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146680250500500208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"120 1","pages":"203 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77435543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: The Female Offender: Girls, Women and Crime (2nd edn), Girls, Women and Crime: Selected Readings","authors":"Stephanie Hayman","doi":"10.1177/146680250500500207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146680250500500207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":"201 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75564590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Student Handbook of Criminal Justice and Criminology","authors":"R. Bayliss","doi":"10.1177/146680250500500206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146680250500500206","url":null,"abstract":"about the adaptation of Maori practices into the criminal justice system and, in particular, the effect this may have on the Maori and their sacred principles. The final section of this book concerns the role of restorative justice in the broader social justice arena. Both authors in this section challenge us to look beyond criminal justice borders but Bonnie Price Lofton writes a particularly interesting chapter about the current limitations of restorative justice in tackling the socio-economic causes of crime. In sum, this volume provides a wide range of brief critical perspectives on restorative justice. It is intended that this collection should lay the groundwork for an ongoing open-ended dialogue. Although the groundwork has probably already been done, it certainly provides thoughtful accounts, which contribute to current debates.","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"23 1","pages":"199 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83448807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dangers lurking in the deep","authors":"D. Gilling, A. Barton","doi":"10.1177/1466802505053496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1466802505053496","url":null,"abstract":"The crime audit has become a major technology of local crime prevention and community safety. While most interest has been shown in its technical capacity and merits, this article focuses upon the impact of the crime audit as a governmental practice and political strategy. Like other forms of audit, the crime audit constitutes its subject and in so doing affords opportunities for its transformation, by colonizing the values and operating procedures of local practice. A case study of such colonization is explored in the encounters of local drug outreach agencies with the crime auditing process; the pressure exerted upon them to ‘make practice auditable’, and the implications that this holds for their future engagement with drug misusers.","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"4 1","pages":"163 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76366482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Comparative Criminal Justice","authors":"R. Earle","doi":"10.1177/146680250500500106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146680250500500106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"15 1","pages":"103 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78803182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Handbook of Policing","authors":"Michelle Berzins","doi":"10.1177/1466802505050981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1466802505050981","url":null,"abstract":"Handbook of Policing is one of the latest contributions to the fields of criminology and police science, and given the rate at which policing has changed (and indeed continues to change), the publication of this text is timely. The Handbook of Policing contains 28 chapters, which are divided into four sections. The first section details the historical context in which policing is situated, thus facilitating a greater understanding of how the profession has evolved. The second section focuses on the contemporary position of policing within the realms of the local, national, international and transnational. The third section looks at policing operationally including the models and approaches adopted by police. Incorporated into this is an analysis of issues such as cybercrime, globalization, terrorism and organized crime. This audit of key areas provides a good basis from which the final section examines contemporary issues such as ethics, leadership, restorative justice and the future of policing. Each chapter concludes with a list of selected further reading. The inclusion of a glossary and detailed list of abbreviations and acronyms is useful, particularly for readers not familiar with some of the terms used within the United Kingdom. The explicit aim of this book is to analyse the way in which the changing nature of policing is represented and to examine how this representation relates to the actual reality of policing. A secondary aim is to identify and explore the direction and development of policing, while simultaneously contributing to the field through integrating the most recent research with critical analysis and commentary. The collation of this wide range of contributions into one volume is opportune given the gap that exists for well-researched and authoritative work on policing that addresses issues ranging from the historical through to the contemporary. Contributions have been sourced from a variety of authors including academics, criminologists and personnel of various police services. This makes the text essential reading for those seeking a thorough introduction to the world of policing. The targeted audience is identified as being ‘students, B O O K R E V I E W S","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"8 1","pages":"101 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling the effects of correctional education","authors":"Mary Ellen Batiuk, Karen F. Lahm, M. McKeever, Norma Wilcox, P. Wilcox","doi":"10.1177/1466802505050979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1466802505050979","url":null,"abstract":"Correctional policies, such as the elimination of Pell Grants to prisoners, often limit inmate educational opportunities. Thus, examination of the possible negative consequences of such actions seems important. Though characterized by some inconsistency, previous research has suggested that post-secondary education within prison has the beneficial effect of reducing recidivism. What is missing is an explicit comparison of the effects of different types of correctional education programs, with a specific focus on discerning the relative effects of college versus non-college education. The present study addresses this issue through analysis of 972 Ohio inmates paroled or released from prison between 1989 and 1992. Our results suggest that college has a substantially stronger negative impact upon recidivism hazard rates than do other forms of correctional education (e.g. high school, GED, vocational education) and imply that, perhaps, the current policy regarding post-secondary correctional education programs is misguided.","PeriodicalId":10793,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice","volume":"176 1","pages":"55 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72638128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}