Current drug safety最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Monitoring and Management Practices of Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia at a Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Zahra Hussain Alshabeeb, Bashayr Alsuwayni, Omar Alshargi, Ahmed H. Abdelazeem","doi":"10.2174/0115748863280407240305070905","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748863280407240305070905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperprolactinemia is a commonly underestimated adverse effect of antipsychotic medications. There are still no consensus guidelines for the optimal monitoring and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the monitoring and treatment practices of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, in addition to the prevalence and risk factors associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort observational study was conducted among patients attending the psychiatric clinics at an academic tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from May 2020 until May 2021, by reviewing each patient's medical record for up to five years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 662 patients, 35 patients (5.3%) and 242 patients (36.6%) had their serum prolactin levels monitored (at baseline and at follow-up, respectively). The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was observed in 212 patients (32%). Only 76 patients (36%) were symptomatic. Female gender, younger age, and bipolar disorder had a significantly higher risk of developing hyperprolactinemia. 60% of the confirmed cases received treatment, of which 76 (60%) were adherent to treatment guidelines. The most common treatment strategies implemented were dose reduction (42.5%) and aripiprazole augmentation (29.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is imperative to conduct a baseline check of prolactin levels before commencing any antipsychotic therapy. Similarly, routine prolactin level monitoring is recommended regardless of symptoms in patients treated with antipsychotics with a possible prolactin-raising effect. Adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines can improve patient quality of life and therapeutic compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylazine: An Abused Tranq Dope and its Safety Concern.","authors":"Sumel Ashique","doi":"10.2174/0115748863278826240228042858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748863278826240228042858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A drug called Xylazine has gained notoriety in recent times, earning the nickname \"zombie drug\" due to reported alarming effects on its users. Although Xylazine is primarily intended for veterinary use as a sedative and muscle relaxant for animals, there have been growing concerns about its misuse among humans, particularly in the context of illicit drug use. However, it is essential to rely on accurate and evidence-based information when discussing the health risks associated with any substance, rather than resorting to sensationalized terms like \"zombie drug.\" The situation involving Xylazine misuse is a matter of concern, and the United States Drug Enforcement Administration has highlighted it as a significant threat to public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140101204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perils and Problems in Bispecific T-Cell Engager Antibodies.","authors":"Bisht Khushboo, Joshi Rajat Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115748863286774240219094217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748863286774240219094217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are promising immunotherapies for cancer treatment designed to engage both tumour and immune cells. However, their use is associated with potential toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target, off-tumour toxicity. CRS, characterized by cytokine release, is the most common, potentially life-threatening toxicity. Neurotoxicity presents as neurological symptoms and on-target, off-tumour toxicity damages healthy cells. Incidence and severity vary based on BsAb type, dose, patient factors, and tumor characteristics. For this study, articles pertaining to BsAb toxicity were searched on PubMed. Moreover, the management involves early recognition, dose modification, supportive care, and, in severe cases, immunosuppressive therapy or treatment discontinuation. Clinicians must carefully assess risks and benefits, considering individual patient profiles. Close monitoring and multidisciplinary collaboration are crucial for effective BsAb therapy. All in all, while toxicity is a concern, with vigilant management, BsAbs remain a valuable cancer treatment option.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Landscape on Development of Phenylalanine and Toxicity of its Metabolites - A Review.","authors":"Samrat Bose, Shirsendu Mandal, Rajesh Khan, Himangshu Sekhar Maji, Sumel Ashique","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230331112800","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230331112800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, is the \"building block\" of protein. It has a tremendous role in different aspects of metabolic events. The tyrosine pathway is the prime one and is typically used to degrade dietary phenylalanine. Phenylalanine exceeds its limit in bodily fluids and the brain when the enzyme, phenylalanine decarboxylase, phenylalanine transaminase, phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) or its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is deficient causes phenylketonuria, schizophrenia, attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder and another neuronal effect. Tyrosine, an amino acid necessary for synthesizing the pigments in melanin, is produced by its primary metabolic pathway. Deficiency/abnormality in metabolic enzymes responsible for the catabolism pathway of Phenylalanine causes an accumulation of the active intermediate metabolite, resulting in several abnormalities, such as developmental delay, tyrosinemias, alkaptonuria, albinism, hypotension and several other undesirable conditions. Dietary restriction of the amino acid(s) can be a therapeutic approach to avoid such undesirable conditions when the level of metabolic enzyme is unpredictable. After properly identifying the enzymatic level, specific pathophysiological conditions can be managed more efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"208-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms in the Rural Areas of India.","authors":"Shalini Shukla, Priyanka Sharma, Priya Gupta, Shikha Pandey, Reshu Agrawal, Deepak Rathour, Dharmendra Kumar Kewat, Ramu Singh, Sunil Kumar Thakur, Rishi Paliwal, Kunjbihari Sulakhiya","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230428144120","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230428144120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacovigilance (PV) deals with the detection, collection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects associated with drugs. The objective of PV is to ensure the safety of the medicines and patients by monitoring and reporting all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with prescribed medicine usage. Findings have indicated that about 0.2- 24% of hospitalization cases are due to ADRs, of which 3.7% of patients have lethal ADRs. The reasons include the number of prescribed drugs, an increased number of new medicines in the market, an inadequate PV system for ADR monitoring, and a need for more awareness and knowledge about ADR reporting. Severe ADRs lead to enhanced hospital stays, increased treatment costs, risk of death, and many medical and economic consequences. Therefore, ADR reporting at its first instance is essential to avoid further harmful effects of the prescribed drugs. In India, the rate of ADR reporting is less than 1%, whereas worldwide, it is 5% due to a need for more awareness about PV and ADR monitoring among healthcare providers and patients. The main objective of this review is to highlight the current scenario and possible futuristic ways of ADR reporting methods in rural areas of India. We have searched the literature using PubMed, Google scholar, Indian citation index to retrieve the resources related to ADR monitoring and reporting in India's urban and rural areas. Spontaneous reporting is the most commonly used PV method to report ADRs in India's urban and rural areas. Evidence revealed that no effective ADR reporting mechanisms developed in rural areas causing underreporting of ADR, thus increasing the threat to the rural population. Hence, PV and ADR reporting awareness among healthcare professionals and patients, telecommunication, telemedicine, use of social media and electronic medical records, and artificial intelligence are the potential approaches for prevention, monitoring, and reporting of ADRs in rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"172-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9399474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)-associated SJS, TEN, AGEP, and DRESS Syndromes - A Narrative Review.","authors":"Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Ibrahim Ramadan Barakat, AbduRazak Hassan Jumale","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230505144014","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230505144014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is a very common OTC drug that is found in more than 200 OTC products sold as pain, cough and cold remedies. Paracetamol is commonly used as an antipyretic to reduce fever and as an alternative to Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are contraindicated in certain patients to relieve mild-moderate pain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review article focuses on SJS, TEN, SJS/TEN overlap, AGEP, and DRESS syndromes associated with the use of paracetamol or paracetamol-containing products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To find published articles relevant to paracetamol-associated SJS, TEN, AGEP, and DRESS, we searched the online databases Medline/Pubmed/PMC, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and reference lists using keywords like Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Acetaminophen, Paracetamol, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The paracetamol-associated SJS, TEN, SJS/TEN overlap, AGEP, and DRESS syndromes have been identified by a number of publications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When evaluating drug-induced hypersensitivity skin reactions, healthcare professionals, including prescribers, pharmacists, and others, should be aware of this rare risk. Patients who exhibit signs and symptoms of paracetamol-associated hypersensitivity should be referred to physicians by pharmacists for further treatment. At the first sign of a skin rash or other hypersensitivity reaction while taking paracetamol, patients should be told to stop taking it and see a doctor right away.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"218-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9480358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Routine over the Counter Phenylephrine Causing Rarer Drug Eruption as Adverse Drug Reaction - A Case Report.","authors":"Sree Sudha Tanguturi Yella, Kota Sesha Brahma Sri Krishna Sasanka, Harminder Singh, Bhumika Meena","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230601162144","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230601162144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic, which means it acts analogous to adrenaline. Phenylephrine can be taken orally to treat nasal congestion symptoms. It is also frequently mixed with other medicines in products meant to relieve cough and cold symptoms. Given the widespread usage of phenylephrine, related drug eruptions appear to be uncommon.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here we discuss a case of a 19-year-old female patient who reported to our hospital with blebs on the skin throughout her legs and torso. The drug eruption or adverse drug response was linked with itching, had a slow beginning, and progressed. Her medical history indicated that she had been taking phenylephrine 10 mg orally twice a day. On the sixth day, she experienced an adverse medication response caused by the medicine phenylephrine. Phenylephrine was stopped immediately and the other medications, such as levocetirizine, montelukast, and nasal spray, were continued. The patient was told not to use phenylephrine, either alone or in combination with FDCs. There are no other complaints. As a result, the patient was diagnosed with phenylephrine- induced eruption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We present this case to highlight the importance of inspiring a pharmacovigilance mindset among all clinicians providing care as a routine alert drug, phenylephrine-induced drug eruption.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"291-294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9565550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Impacts Quality of Life and Activities of Daily Living of Brazilian Multiple Myeloma Patients.","authors":"Paula Lana de Miranda Drummond, Roberta Márcia Marques Dos Santos, Lívia Pena Silveira, Jéssica Soares Malta, Adriano Max Moreira Reis, Naiane Lima Costa, Roberta Oliveira de Paula E Silva, Evandro Maranhão Fagundes, Cristiane Aparecida Menezes de Pádua","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230817162424","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230817162424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Survival in multiple myeloma (MM) has improved in the past years with the introduction of immunomodulators and proteasome inhibitors. However, chemotherapyinduced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is associated with both drug classes affecting Health- Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and activities of daily living (ADL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated CIPN in MM patients to identify associated factors and impacts on HRQoL and ADL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study with Brazilian patients from public and private health services. Patients were interviewed using validated tools to measure CIPN and HRQoL, along with sociodemographic and clinical questions. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of CIPN with sociodemographic, clinical, and HRQoL variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 217 patients were eligible for the study. The median age was 67, 50.9% were women, 51.6% had low income, 47.5% had low education, and 55.3% attended private health services. The chemotherapy regimen most used was the combination of cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (17.5%) among the 24 types of regimens found. Most patients (90.3%) had at least one CIPN symptom: 62.7% were severe, and 51.62% were extremely bothered ADL. Numbness was the most common symptom (40.6%). CIPN was independently associated with education, hospitalization, chemotherapy, side effects, disease symptoms, and global health status in HRQoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MM patients showed a high frequency of CIPN, which affected ADL and impaired HRQoL. Early and accurate detection of CIPN and dose management in patients with thalidomide and bortezomib-based regimens should be performed to provide better treatment outcomes and avoid permanent disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"356-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10021606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception and Practices of Self-medication Practices among Health Science Students during the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic in Mangalore, India.","authors":"Nitin Joseph, Jeniya Jain","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230119101656","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230119101656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Health science students are prone to self-medication due to easy accessibility to medicines, background medical knowledge, and their ability to diagnose illnesses. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has further encouraged this practice due to the fear of contracting the virus by visiting healthcare establishments.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was conducted to assess the perception and practices of self-medication among health science students during the background of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2021 during the second wave of COVID-19. Data were collected using a Microsoft form circulated among students using WhatsApp or email.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the 350 participants was 20.8 ± 1.5 years. About 165(47.1%) participants had self-medicated over the past one year. The most common mode of self-medication was using previous consultation notes [121(73.3%)]. The most common reason for self-medication stated was the mild nature of the illness [131(79.4%)]. Fifteen (9.1%) participants reported changes in medication from one to another during self-medication. Sixteen (9.7%) participants increased drug dosage during self-medication. Sixteen (26.2%) out of 61 participants who self-medicated with antibiotics did not complete the course. Forty-six (27.9%) out of the 165 participants were not aware of the adverse effects of the drugs being self-medicated on most occasions. One hundred and sixty seven (47.7%) of the total participants did not feel that self-medication practices are harmful. Ninety-five (27.1%) felt that self-medication practices are acceptable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighty-six (90.5%) of them thought so to avoid getting COVID-19 infection by visiting healthcare establishments. In multivariable analysis, participants in the final year and those with chronic morbidities were associated with self-medication practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-medication practices were present among 47.1% of participants. More than onefourth of them were not aware of the side effects of self-medicated drugs on most occasions. About 47.7% participants felt that self-medication practices are not harmful and more than one-fourth of them felt that it was acceptable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the students need to be made aware of the harmful consequences of self-medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Effects Post COVID-19 Vaccination and its Association with Age, Gender and Comorbid Disease in Basrah City Southern of Iraq.","authors":"Zainab Najim Abdul-Nabi, Noor Kadhim Mohamed-Jawad, Noor Yousif Fareed, Nadheerah Falih Neamah, Falah Hassan Shari","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230525142152","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230525142152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination against COVID-19 virus is the most valuable tool available for protection during the pandemic of coronavirus. The clinical manifestation post-vaccination is a barrier to vaccination for many people in Iraq and worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study is identifying various clinical manifestations occurring after receiving vaccines among individuals in Basrah Governorate. Moreover, we examine its association with respondents' demographics and the type of vaccine they received.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-section study was conducted in Basrah, southern Iraq. Research data were collected through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and analytic statistical tools using the SPSS program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the participants (86.68%) received the vaccine. The side effects were reported in 71.61% of vaccinated individuals. Fever and muscle pain were the two most experienced clinical manifestations, while lymph node enlargement and disturbances in taste and/or smell sensations were reported infrequently. Adverse effects were mostly reported with the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine receiver. Females and those in the younger age group also reported a significantly higher incidence of side effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most adverse effects related to the COVID-19 vaccine were minor and could be tolerated without the need for hospital admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"248-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9521903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}