Journal of Biofuels最新文献

{"title":"Characterisation and Effect of Using Waste Polyethylene Oil and Diesel Fuel Blends in Compression Ignition Engine","authors":"Rajan Kumar, S. Singh, Arbind Kumar, M. Mishra","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in petroleum price, the problems associated with long-term availability of fossil fuels for automotive engine and environmental problems are of great concern for the world. These challenges have necessitated the need to investigate alternate source of fossil fuel. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibilities of using Waste Polyethylene Fuel (WPF) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. WPF is derived from waste polyethylene through pyrolysis. Tests were employed to characterise the fuel properties and to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fuelled by 10% and 20% blends of WPF and Diesel Fuel (DF). The physico-chemical properties of the oil were analysed and found that it has almost similar properties to that of diesel. An experimental investigation was made to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine using different blends of 10%, 20% and pure diesel. It seems that there is improved performance and emission with the increase concentration of WPF in WPF-DF blends. The observations made in the present research paper are the part of ongoing research work. WPF and some other oil/fuels adaptability, performance and emission are presently under investigation.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"36 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134446261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilisation of Cashew Seed Oil Methyl Ester in Compression Ignition Engines and its Engine Performance","authors":"F. Otu, E. Bello, S. Otoikhian, B. Diamond, L. Ekebafe","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"Methyl ester, also called biodiesel, is an alternative fuel for diesel engine that is produced from renewable agricultural products. Biodiesel is an alkyl ester obtained from vegetable oils, waste cooking oils or animal fats via transesterification process. The three types of fuels used for the tests are pure biodiesel (BIOO), blended biodiesel (B20), which is a 20% mixture of biodiesel with 80% diesel fuel, and pure diesel fuel (100%) derived from crude petroleum. The characterised fuels were utilised in a compression ignition engine to determine their torque, power brake mean effective pressure and specific fuel consumption characteristics. From the test results obtained, the cashew seed oil methyl ester can be used in diesel engines as a substitute fuel. The results of this study were quite encouraging.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133461441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Kusum Oil Methyl Ester as an Alternative Fuel in Diesel Engine","authors":"H. S. Pali, C. Mishra, Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"The growing awareness regarding long-term availability of mineral diesel and its environmental consequences, the fluctuating nature of international crude oil prices, the vulnerability of energy security towards oil-based geopolitics, etc., have mandated the search for alternative fuel sources for diesel engines. In this context, biodiesel derived from a variety of feedstocks, like vegetable oils and animal fat, by transesterification has been considered as a promising solution to the crippling energy- and environment-related crises slowly engulfing India. Most of the vegetable oils used for biodiesel production in the developed countries are edible in nature. However, in India, edible oil-based biodiesel is a distant dream due to the lack of self-sufficiency of the country in edible oil production. Therefore, nonedible vegetable oil-producing plants growing in barren lands are a good source of biodiesel in the Indian scenario. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore the potential non-edible oil sources for biodiesel production that can supplement the Government of India's biofuel policy and may help to realise the vision of 20% biodiesel blending by 2017. The present research work deals with the production of biodiesel and a comprehensive physico-chemical characterisation of a relatively underutilised non-edible vegetable oil species known as Kusum oil (Schleichera oleosa), which has a near omnipresence throughout the subcontinent with special penetration in the remote and tribal locations. In the present study, kusum oil methyl ester (KOME) was produced using a two-stage esterification cum transesterification process on account of the high free fatty acid (FFA) contents of the oil. In the esterification stage, 0.85% by mass of catalyst (p-Toluenesulfonic acid), at 60°C temperature with constant agitation at 450 rpm led to less than 2% FFA in 45 min. Similarly, the transesterification stage led to 97.2% ester yield using 1.4% by mass of catalyst (potassium hydroxide), at 65°C temperature in 100 min under constant agitation at 450 rpm. Various physico-chemical properties of KOME, like density, viscosity, heating value, etc., were measured and found to be satisfactorily compliant with the corresponding ASTM/EN standards. The fatty acid profile suggested that KOME possessed 40% unsaturated fatty acids and around 53% saturated fatty acids. The results of oxidation stability indicated no substantial peroxide formations for 6 h in the biodiesel rancimat, thus conforming to the EN standard. The cold flow plugging point of KOME was -1°C, as compared with -9°C indicated by the neat diesel. In the light of the above study, it may be concluded that kusum oil is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production and efforts need to be made to exploit the same for commercial-scale usage.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133097036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Analysis of Biomass Briquettes Production in India","authors":"P. Jagtap, V. B. Derle","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00009.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00009.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116122190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics Studies on the Catalytic Thermal Degradation of High Density Polyehylene","authors":"Vandana, P. Chaudhary, Ramesh C. Sharma","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"Thermogravimetric analysis of high density polyethylene and Co3+ catalyst mixtures was studied under non-isothermal conditions. The mixtures used in this study consist of blends of HDPE: Co3+ in 3:1 and 5:1 ratios. The pyrolysis was carried out over a temperature range of 30 to 800°C in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, with a heating rate of 10°C/min. The kinetic parameters were evaluated using the Coats and Redfern method. The activation energy of raw HDPE was decreased by Co3+ catalyst by nearly 80% within the given temperature ranges. A reduction in the activation energy of the blended mixture was observed, which clearly indicates the synergism in the co-cracking/co-processing reactions. The reaction is defined as zero order reaction. The catalyst chosen for pyrolysis shows effective aspects on HDPE degradation.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124877336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Algal Consortium for Treatment of Primary Effluent: An Approach towards Nutrient Removal and Biomass Production","authors":"J. Sharma, Pankaj Sharma, M. Toor, Saloni Gupta, N. Bishnoi","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00011.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00011.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124722885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of a Medium Capacity Diesel Engine on Thumba Biodiesel and Diesel Blends","authors":"A. Karnwal, Naveen Kumar, M. M. Hasan, A. N. Siddiquee, Z. Khan","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.023","url":null,"abstract":"The world has witnessed industrial revolution in the past two centuries and faced serious problem of indiscriminate utilization of the energy resources. This has resulted in severe environmental degradation and very high dependence on fossil fuels. Researchers all over the world are experimenting on variety of renewable fuels for meeting future energy demands and biodiesel is fast becoming a potential alternative fuel for use in agriculture and transport sector. There are many varieties of feedstock which are used for biodiesel production worldwide; however, there is an urgent need to explore the potential of biodiesel from variety of locally available sources. Thumba is one such species found in Rajasthan State of India and this paper highlights the results of investigations carried out on assessing potential of biodiesel derived from Thumba oil and its blends with mineral diesel (B10, B20, B40, B60, B80, B100) in a medium capacity, single cylinder, direct injection, water-cooled diesel engine. The performance test was carried out at different loads and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) were evaluated. The exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (CO, CO , HC, NO x , and Smoke Opacity) were also recorded. The highest BTE was achieved in case of B10. As the concentration of biodiesel was increased in biodiesel-diesel blends, a reduction in BTE was observed. The exhaust gas temperature was found minimum in case of B10 and maximum for B100. The CO, HC and Smoke opacity were found lower for biodiesel based fuels than neat diesel. The CO 2 and NO x emissions were found higher in case of biodiesel based fuels. The results suggest that Thumba biodiesel can be used as an extender to diesel fuel, which would results in better performance and improved emission characteristics.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127722081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of CI Engine on Fuel Blends of Neem Oil Biodiesel and Diesel","authors":"P. K. Vishnoi, V. Gupta, V. S. Bisht, A. Patil","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00013.7","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, biodiesel is produced from neem oil by two-step esterification process. The neem oil ethyl ester (NOEE)–diesel blends are prepared by blending 10 to 100% NOEE with diesel. The blends containing 10 to 100% ester have their kinematic viscosity, cloud and pour point and flash and fire point compatible with diesel. The performance test of 4.4-kW diesel engine on fuel blends of neem oil biodiesel and diesel has carried out in terms of brake power, fuel consumption, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency. Brake power of all the blends was found comparable with diesel, whereas fuel consumption, BSFC and brake thermal efficiency of 100% NOEE were found higher than the diesel. NOEE20 as fuel the brake thermal efficiency is found to be highest, and BSFC was found to be lowest on this blend. NOEE100 could be used as fuel with some modification in engine. Performance of NOEE20 is better than other blend so it could be used as future fuel.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128030181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saccharification of Water Hyacinth Biomass for Bioethanol Production: Optimization of Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment","authors":"A. Chauhan, V. Singh, Y. Kwatra","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00001.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00001.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128896835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosurfactants Enhanced Methane Production from Organic Solid Waste using Co-culture of Methanosarcina mazei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Apourv Pant, J. Rai","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00002.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00002.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117022341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}