Corrosion最新文献

{"title":"New insights into internal oxidation of alloy 690 and model alloys in hydrogenated steam","authors":"Ali Riahi, Hao Zhu, Ali Eskandari, Suraj Y. Persaud, Roger C. Newman","doi":"10.5006/4439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4439","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The oxidation behavior of Alloy 690 and Ni-xCr-10Fe model alloys exposed to 480 °C hydrogenated steam, in the nickel metal stability region, was studied using a variety of techniques, including time-resolved Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS). The alloy underwent internal oxidation intragranularly, resulting in the expulsion of metallic Ni nodules to the surface. A compact Cr-rich “healing” layer developed over time at the intragranular internal oxidation front near grain boundaries and significantly retards further internal oxidation. Protective external Cr-rich oxide formed at and very near the grain boundaries, hindering intergranular oxidation. In view of the fact that the protective oxide forms micrometres away from the grain boundaries, one cannot simply say that Cr diffuses up the boundary and forms an oxide which spreads laterally – internal stress relief must play a role, just as it does within the grains, only with different mechanisms at play.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136022945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time electrochemical monitoring of the progress of sulfate reducing bacterially–induced corrosion of carbon steel","authors":"Sai Prasanna Chinthala, Anwar Sadek, Joshua Davis, John M Senko, Chelsea N Monty","doi":"10.5006/4415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4415","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a widespread problem in the oil and gas industry, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) cause the most aggressive kind of corrosion. A sulfate-reducing enrichmnent culture was obtained from a natural gas transmission line, and incubated in split chamber-zero resistance ammetry (SC-ZRA) incubations. Here, carbon steel electrodes were placed in a synthetic gas field brine in opposing chambers that were connected with a salt bridge. To mimic the heterogeneous metal coverage of a metal surface that causes MIC, one chamber was experimentally manipulated with addition of the SRB culture, while the other was uninoculated. Initial measurement of positive current between the electrodes in incubations with an organic electron donor (lactate) indicated a period of priming of the metal surface by planktonic SRB, before the current transitioned to negative, indicating that the cathodic corrosive reaction was occurring on the electrode exposed to SRB activities. This negative current is consistent with hypothesized mechanisms of SRB-induced corrosion, and was observed in lactate-free incubations and in uninoculated incubations amended with sulfide. These observations, combined with SRB metabolic patterns and mass loss analyses indicate the dynamic nature of SRB-mediated corrosion and illustrate the utility of real-time monitoring of MIC activities.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the occurrence of filiform corrosion on organic coated carbon steel exposed to cyclic aging test","authors":"Andrea Cristoforetti, Flavio Deflorian, Stefano Rossi, Michele Fedel","doi":"10.5006/4443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4443","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Filiform corrosion is one of the possible failure mechanisms of organic-coated steel. Beyond cathodic delamination, filiform corrosion causes paint detachment and the dramatic loss of the protective properties given by the applied paint. Since both failure mechanisms occur during in-field exposure (depending on the environment), when assessing the performance of the protective paint by lab scale tests, we must be aware of the failure mechanism we induce with different accelerated aging cabinets. In this study, we investigate the effect of prohesion test on the initiation and propagation of filiform corrosion. We highlight the concurrent development of filiform corrosion and cathodic blistering, which includes the change between the cathodic and anodic delamination front, during an accelerated aging procedure that cycles between saturated humidity and dry stages. The role of the presence of aggressive contaminants (Cl− and SO42−) is discussed. According to our findings, cyclic aging tests seem to better stick to the failure mechanism occurring during in-field exposure, particularly due to the wet/dry cycles.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"875 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface characterization, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Zn-Ni alloy coated steel using electro plating-hot dip galvanizing","authors":"Zahra Raghebi, Nagi Parvini Ahmadi, Rasul Azari khosroshahi, Robabeh Jafari","doi":"10.5006/4290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4290","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the processing of zinc-nickel alloys with an electroplated nickel layer as the first layer followed by hot-dip galvanizing on plain carbon steel (St37) is investigated. The effect of the nickel layer and the effect of the immersion time on the alloy layers of the coating obtained by this method are studied. In addition, some properties of the obtained coating, such as the overall thickness, hardness, surface uniformity, coating adhesion strength, and corrosion resistance, were investigated using the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, EDX analysis, and potentiostat. The results show that the 16-minute immersion time is the optimum galvanizing time at which an alloy with a nickel content of 0.11 wt.% is formed, and that the overall thickness of the galvanized sheet, especially the alloy layers, decreases compared to the pure zinc sheet. In addition, a more ductile, corrosion-resistant and smoother surface is obtained.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Nickel in Low Alloy Steels exposed to H2S-containing environments. Part I: Trench Formation at the Open Circuit Potential","authors":"Dannisa R. Chalfoun, Mariano A. Kappes, Teresa E. Perez, José L. Otegui, Mariano Iannuzzi","doi":"10.5006/4436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4436","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nickel content in low alloy steels (LAS) for oil and gas exploration and production is limited to a maximum of 1 wt.% according to ANSI/NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156. This restriction is imposed to avoid sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in sour (H2S-containing) environments. In this work, the effect of Ni on SSC of LAS was studied independently of other alloying elements. For this purpose, quenched and tempered steels heat treated to a yield strength of 610 MPa with a Ni content below and above the 1 wt.% threshold were evaluated at the open circuit potential (OCP) in unstressed specimens, and in slow strain rate tests (SSRT) at room temperature. Thiosulfate was used as a surrogate of H2S, according to the Tsujikawa method. It is concluded that Ni contributes to the stabilization of the sulfide films that form on the steel's surface at OCP. The rupture of this film due to tensile stress promotes the nucleation of elongated deep pits, referred to as trenches, which can act as sulfide stress crack initiators. Trenches were observed exclusively in stressed, Ni-containing specimens. Moreover, trenches' morphology, dimensions, and distribution varied with the Ni content in the steels. For the steels studied in this work, the Ni effect on trenching persisted below the 1 wt.% threshold.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galvanic Interactions on a Coupled Micro-Electrode Array of AA7050-T7451 and 316SS in Chromate-Containing NaCl Solutions Under Thick Electrolyte Film and Cyclic Wet-Dry Conditions","authors":"Utibe-Eno Charles-Granville, John R. Scully, Robert G. Kelly","doi":"10.5006/4334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4334","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The electrochemical behavior of an AA7050-316SS galvanic couple in chromate-containing NaCl environments under relatively constant thick electrolyte films and wet-dry cycling was investigated utilizing the coupled micro-electrode array (CMEA) approach. The CMEA approach provided a means to analyze the in-situ electrochemical kinetics as a function of spatial location and time. In inhibitor-free environments, the total net anodic charge associated with galvanic current increased with increasing conductivity and aggressiveness of the environment. The AA7050 electrodes supplied more than half of the total net cathodic charge in relation to the 316SS electrodes in the more aggressive environments. Under thick electrolyte films, chromate became less effective at suppressing cathodic kinetics on the 316SS and AA7050 net cathodes as the chloride concentration increased. Under wet-dry cycling conditions, the effectiveness of chromate was diminished when compared to thick electrolyte film conditions, due to the cycling of the equilibrium chloride concentration as electrolyte thickness changed upon onset of drying and wetting while the loading density of the salt remained constant. Furthermore, chromate exhibited a diminished ability to suppress cathodic currents on the AA7050 net cathodes in comparison to the 316SS electrodes. This study highlighted the importance of Cu-rich intermetallic particles and replated Cu on precipitation-strengthened Al alloys when considering the driving force of cathodes in sustaining anodic dissolution in typical Al alloy macro-galvanic systems exposed to atmospheric conditions.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134976118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Acetic Acid on the Initiation of Pitting Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking on Low-alloy Steel in pH Buffer Solutions","authors":"Noriyuki Ida, Junichi Tani, Hirotaka Kawamura","doi":"10.5006/4427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4427","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Applying organic chemicals as an oxygen scavenger or a corrosion inhibitor to the water treatment of steam-water circuits of power plants possibly results in the generation of organic acids, such as acetic acid. This necessitates assessing the effects of the generated organic acids on the corrosion of the steam-water circuits prior to applying the organic chemicals. In this research, the effects of acetic acid on pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) on low-pressure turbine materials of low-alloy steel were examined by electrochemical measurements and U-bend tests. Buffer solutions of various pHs from 4.5 to 10 were used as test solutions to investigate the effects of acidification by acetic acid on corrosion. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the steel was passivated at pHs above 8 and was the most susceptible to pitting corrosion at pH 8. In the U-bend test, SCC was initiated readily at a pH of around 8. Because SCC occurred at sites of pitting corrosion, pitting corrosion was suggested to be a precursor of SCC. Acetate ions did not trigger pitting corrosion nor SCC on the steel. Rather, the addition of acetate ions to a Cl−-containing solution mitigated the initiation of pitting corrosion, resulting in the inhibition of SCC initiation.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical behavior of an alpha-phase titanium alloy in oxidizing nitric acid environments: Influence of an oxygen-enriched layer","authors":"Prafful Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.5006/4412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4412","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study focuses on establishing the influence of an oxygen-enriched layer (OEL) on the electrochemical properties of an alpha-phase titanium alloy, Ti-Al-Zr, in oxidizing nitric acid environments. Heat treatment was given to the material at 760 °C for 700 h in air which resulted in the formation of an OEL on the surface. The electrochemical properties were studied and compared with as-received (AR) conditions by techniques like open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement. It was established that the presence of an OEL on the surface reduced the cathodic activity of oxidizing species on the material’s surface. The OCP value did not depend on the presence/absence of the OEL on the surface. The formation of the passive film was instantaneous for all conditions. The presence of the OEL on the surface promoted the formation of a protective passive film. The material with an OEL on the surface had a lower donor density as compared to the AR condition.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memory of Glenn E. Stoner","authors":"Jeannie Reese, Robert G. Kelly, John R. Scully","doi":"10.5006/4445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4445","url":null,"abstract":"Prof. Emeritus Glenn E. Stoner of the University of Virginia (UVA) passed away on August 9, 2023, after a brief illness.Glenn’s professional life is summarized in the History of ECS section of The Electrochemical Society’s website,(1) and his papers published in JES are part of a collection.(2) More of his work can be found in other journals such as CORROSION.(3) But those sites describe only a small part of the true impact that Glenn had. After earning his degrees at the Missouri School of Mines (B.S. and M.S.) and the University of Pennsylvania (Ph.D.), Glenn eventually joined the faculty of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at UVA in 1973, where he decided to use his understanding of the fundamentals of electrochemistry to address practical problems.Glenn’s superpower was his ability to educate and develop students and colleagues. It sounds like an obvious role for a professor, but he was simply great at it, and he did it in the most gentle and kindest way. An early demonstration of this superpower was his hiring of George Cahen as a Ph.D. student and Louie Scribner (founder of Scribner Associates) as a lab manager to establish the Applied Electrochemistry Laboratory (AEL). It was a single laboratory, as in one room. But Glenn was exceptional at grantsmanship, so he quickly had several research projects that used electrochemical processes to address a range of problems. George and Louie were tasked with meeting the promises Glenn made to sponsors. One of their earliest research programs looked for ways to use electrochemistry to sanitize human wastewater, which was of great interest to the U.S. Navy. Although a successful technology was created with numerous patents, it was not embraced by the Navy, so it sat for about 25 years before one of Glenn’s sons, Brian, and a former student, Jeff Glass, resurrected it with funding from the Gates Foundation as part of the Reinventing the Toilet program(4) aimed at bringing safe sanitation to roughly half the world’s population that does not have it. He expanded his research into corrosion in the 1990’s, especially Al alloy corrosion and surface treatments.The success of the Navy project begat additional programs. As the promises accumulated, the laboratory grew, and Glenn was able to recruit exceptional students to perform the work as he helped them develop into professionals. His emphasis on the “applied” part of the AEL was one of the reasons he attracted very accomplished students, but he also attracted students who were uncertain that they belonged in graduate school. But Glenn was never uncertain, and that unwavering, deep, and heartfelt dedication was incredibly inspiring. Students simply did not want to let Glenn down, so they achieved to an extent that they would never have dreamed. Glenn created tremendous camaraderie amongst the MSE students and especially within AEL, even pitching for the department softball team and drinking a beverage or three afterwards.Over the next thr","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Survey of Anodically Enhanced Cathodic Kinetics of Magnesium Alloys","authors":"Taylor W. Cain, Carol F. Glover, John R. Scully","doi":"10.5006/4420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5006/4420","url":null,"abstract":"The anodically enhanced cathodic kinetics behavior of eighteen different Mg alloys encompassing commercially pure Mg, Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-Sn, and Mg-RE (RE = rare earth element) based alloys was studied via global and local electrochemical methods in unbuffered 0.6 M NaCl. The total cathodic enhancement observed for Mg-Al and Mg-Sn alloys was found to decrease with increasing primary alloy content whereas the cathodic activity of Mg-Zn based alloys increased with alloying content. Furthermore, a lower fraction of secondary phases expressed as a volume fraction present generally lead to lower susceptibility towards anodically enhanced cathodic kinetics. The variations in enhanced cathodic activity were attributed to the identity of the primary alloying element, microstructure, and nature of the dissolution product film.","PeriodicalId":10717,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}