Food Industry eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Applications of Microwave Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture for Water Resources and Agriculture","authors":"Bhawna Sinha, S. Sahay","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3710154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3710154","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave remote sensing provides a unique capability for direct observation of soil moisture. Remote measurements from space afford the possibility of obtaining frequent, global sampling of soil moisture over a large fraction of the Earth's land surface. Microwave measurements have the benefit of being largely unaffected by cloud cover and variable surface solar illumination, but accurate soil moisture estimates are limited to regions that have either bare soil or low to moderate amounts of vegetation cover. \u0000There has been significant progress in the application of microwave remote sensing for measuring soil moisture. Both passive and active systems have demonstrated the capability to measure soil moisture, and there have been a number of studies using aircraft and space borne data that have demonstrated its usefulness for agricultural and hydrologic applications. Microwave remote sensing of soil moisture has been an active area of research since the 1970s but has yet found little use in operational applications. However, there are still several unresolved questions regarding the optimal instrument configuration and other target characteristics such as roughness and vegetation. In addition, the most likely disciplines for using these data, agriculture and hydrology, do not currently possess adequate models or procedures to use this new technology. Given recent advances in retrieval algorithms and the approval of a dedicated soil moisture satellite, it is time to re-assess the potential of various satellite systems to provide soil moisture information for hydrologic applications in an operational fashion. . A particular advantage of passive microwave sensors is that in the absence of significant vegetation cover soil moisture is the dominant effect on the received signal. The spatial resolutions of passive microwave soil moisture sensors currently considered for space operation are in the range 10–20 km. The most useful frequency range for soil moisture sensing is 1–5 GHz. System design considerations include optimum choice of frequencies, polarizations, and scanning configurations, based on trade-offs between requirements for high vegetation penetration capability, freedom from electromagnetic interference, manageable antenna size and complexity, and the requirement that a sufficient number of information channels be available to correct for perturbing geophysical effects. This paper outlines the basic principles of the passive microwave technique for soil moisture sensing, and reviews briefly the status of current retrieval methods This paper reviews recent progress made with retrieving surface soil moisture from three types of microwave sensors – radiometers, Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs), and scatter meters.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"22 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113978928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substantiating the Use of Sprouted Beans Flour in the Production of Sour Milk Products Based on Goat Milk","authors":"Y. Biletska, T. Ryzhkova, V. Babenko, A. Krivtsova, R. Plotnikova, O.Ye. Skyrda","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.209514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.209514","url":null,"abstract":"The study on the substantiation of using sprouted beans flour enriched with iodine and selenium in the production of the sour-milk product was carried out. The relevance of this research was determined by the lack of sour-milk products for people suffering from endocrine disorders; the shortage of these products at the market reaches about 23 % of the total manufacturing of produce. The study revealed that goat milk may be considered as the basis for the creation of a sour-milk product for special dietary consumption. Goat milk has a low content of αs1- αs2- and a high content of β-casein fractions of proteins in comparison with cow milk. It was established that it is rational to use the strains of cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis organisms in the ratio of 2:1 at the concentration of flour of sprouted beans in the amount of 2 % of the product weight. The samples have a clean, sour-milk smell, sour-milk flavor, dense clot, and 25.8 % more bifidobacteria cells compared to the control sample. The dependences of a change in active acidity, effective viscosity on the use of various concentrations of sprouted beans flour during the production of the sour-milk product were obtained. It was established that active acidity in the samples using 1.5; 2, and 2.5 % is 4.68; 4.60 and 4.58 pH units (respectively), which is by 0.04; 0.12 and 0.14 pH units less than the control sample. The use of flour from sprouted beans in the amount of 1.5...2.5 % reduces the area of the hysteresis loop, which indicates more pronounced thixotropic properties of the sour-milk product structure in comparison with the control sample. The obtained regularities are scientific grounds for the development of the formulation of the sour-milk item for a special dietary purpose with the preservation of organoleptic quality indicators that are usual for a consumer","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123903714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Life Expectancy in Nigeria: Does Agricultural Productivity Matter?","authors":"O. Aigheyisi","doi":"10.59568/kijhus-2020-1-2-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59568/kijhus-2020-1-2-14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the effects of agricultural productivity and other economic factors on life expectancy in Nigeria. The ARDL approach to cointegration and error correction modelling is employed for analysis of annual time series data spanning the period from1981-2016. The study finds that improvement in agricultural productivity enhances life expectancy in the short in, but adversely affects it in the long run. It also finds that inflation and unemployment adversely affect life expectancy in the short- and long-run. The short-run effect of real per capita income is found to be negative (an indication of uneven distribution of income), while the long run effect is also negative, but statistically not significant. The effects of exchange rate and government recurrent education-expenditure on life expectancy are neither significant in the short- nor in the long-run. Health expenditure positively affects life expectancy in the short run and in the long run. Based on these findings, the study recommends that though agricultural productivity enhances life expectancy in the short run in Nigeria, yet it should be cautiously pursued in a way that it is not detrimental to the industrial (especially, manufacturing) sector as this could have adverse consequences for life expectancy in the long run. There is also need to raise awareness campaigns on proper nutrition to control intake of high calorie and high cholesterol foods as a result of expansion in food production arising from improvement in agricultural productivity. Efforts should also be made by the government to address the unemployment problem and bring inflation under control. In addition, there is need for government to increase budgetary allocation to the health sector.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132822061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Australia: A Regional Analysis","authors":"Kris Ivanovski, Sefa Awaworyi Churchill","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3673266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3673266","url":null,"abstract":"Australia’s emissions from fossil fuels and industry have been on the rise since 2014 and may fall short of its required 2030 Paris Agreement target of 26-28% (below 2005 levels). While much effort has been made by various states and territories in setting emission targets and the uptake in renewable energy sources, significant inroads need to occur in order to meet the 1.5˚C target. Understanding the dynamics of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the regional level is thus essential for policymakers in achieving emission targets given the decomposition of industry at the regional level. We investigate the convergence process of three important GHG emissions – carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane emissions – at regional level over the period 1990 to 2017. Our results identify multiple convergence clusters in GHG emissions highlighting the need for tailored policies at the regional level. To gain an understanding in the factors driving these results, we analysed the determinants of the convergence process and identified that state income per capita, urbanisation, and international trade play a crucial in the convergence path off GHG emissions. <br> <br>","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134297809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demand and Supply Side Factors for Accelerating Varietal Turnover: An Evidence from Soybean in India","authors":"C. N., Vinay K. Sonkar, Anjani Kumar","doi":"10.2499/p15738coll2.133668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133668","url":null,"abstract":"Soybeans were promoted on a large scale in India in order to augment farmers’ incomes in poverty-stricken areas and to combat dietary protein deficiencies. Soybean cultivation in India is a unique success story, having expanded in area from zero in 1970 to 11.5 million hectares by the first decade of this millennium At this juncture, the major concern of policymakers is to sustain cultivation of soybeans by ensuring reasonable growth in yield and farm incomes in the face of competitive yield improvements in comparable crops such as corn. This paper tries to understand the varietal adoption patterns and the stages of diffusion of existing varieties. It uses a large primary data set of 1,410 farm households in central and western India to unravel the underlying pathways for accelerating varietal turnover. It employs a dynamic framework by harnessing duration analysis. The average age of the adopted varieties is 8.4 years, which is relatively high and implies slower varietal turnover. Survival functions show that adoption of the leading varieties has reached the saturation stage and that policy intervention at this point can thus have a rapid impact in terms of varietal replacement. The analysis of rate of change of varietal replacement through hazard functions throws up interesting conclusions that are relevant to the formulation of new policies. Examination of all three conceptualized pathways—farm characteristics, sources of information, and perceived traits of the varieties and of genetic improvements—suggest the need for substitution of existing varieties with new improved varieties. While the drivers of varietal change do not vary with size of farm, regional differences are relevant. This paper discusses the potential impact of policy on production and income.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129867660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business Development of Coffee Farmers Group Using Triple Layered Business Model Canvas","authors":"C. Furqon, M. A. Sultan, Fanji Wijaya","doi":"10.35609/jber.2019.4.4(3)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.4(3)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - Coffee is one of the leading agricultural commodities that has an economic contribution in several countries, including Indonesia. As the fourth largest coffee producer country in the world, Indonesia is still facing problems, especially in some areas that managed by coffee farmer group. The problem starts from upstream to downstream and is related to productivity which is still low compared to other regions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to describe the business conditions of the farmer group studied, and planning Triple Layered Business Model Canvas (TLBMC) to develop the business of the farmer group. Empirical analysis has been carried out for this purpose. \u0000 \u0000Methodology/Technique - This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analytic methods. Observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion were conducted to collect research data. SWOT analysis is also used to gain insights and inputs used in formulating the right strategy for TLBMC formulation. \u0000 \u0000Findings - The results show that the business conditions of the coffee farmers group were in a position of growth. Therefore the right strategy for this condition is the harvest strategy or divestiture strategy. The TLBMC design carried out supports the development of sustainable businesses for the coffee farmers group. \u0000 \u0000Novelty - Business development for coffee farmer group using triple layered business model canvas is expected to help increase business on a broader scale. This study is important for business owners and other related parties who seek to develop the business in various aspect including social and environmental aspects. This study helps create opportunities, develop better potential and integrated with the economic, environmental and social values of the business model being run. \u0000 \u0000Type of Paper - Empirical.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"51 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126004921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment Into the Agriculture Financing Strategies to Small Holder Maize Farmers in Zvimba District","authors":"Anthony Tapiwa Mazikana","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3502500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3502500","url":null,"abstract":"This research study an assessment into the agriculture financing strategies to small holder maize farmers in Zvimba District was undertaken because small holder farmers have been facing challenges in gaining access to credit facilities in Zimbabwe. This study is guided by research objectives such as 1) To examine the structure of current agriculture finance models for small holder farmers in Zvimba, 2) To assess the effectiveness of agriculture finance models for small holder farmers in Zvimba and 3) To establish challenges facing small holder farmers in accessing agriculture financing in small holder farmers in Zvimba. This study adopted positivism research philosophy. This study used a targeted population of 350 small holder farmers in Zvimba. A sample of 184 small holder farmers was attained using raosoft online sample size calculator. The study established that agriculture finance is best when it is throughout the agriculture value chain. It was also established that Agriculture finance model are flexible. The study also concluded that an agriculture finance model had positive effect on output. Most of the respondents indicated that they agree to the notion that Agriculture finance model are flexible. It was also noted that there are some challenges facing small holder farmers in accessing agricultural financing in small holder farmers in Zvimba District. These challenges include lack of collateral, low access to cheap capital, limited access to information, limited access to technology, limited access to markets and limited resources. It was recommended that The government of Zimbabwe should increase the land areas under maize and other crop production and win competition from other cash crops. The government and banks should provide small holder farmers a complete input package and finance package timely and refine the input distribution and improve accountability. Banks should invest in research and development to improve quality of crop seed and ensure higher yields.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124117610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to Markets for Smallholder Farmers in Alto Molócue and Molumbo, Mozambique: Mid-Term Impact Evaluation of INOVAGRO II","authors":"Hosaena Ghebru, J. Smart, Tewodaj Mogues","doi":"10.2499/p15738coll2.133449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133449","url":null,"abstract":"The Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro) project, which launched with its first three year phase in 2010, uses a market system development (MSD) approach towards the goal of increasing incomes of men and women small-scale farmers in northern Mozambique. InovAgro interventions promote improved agricultural productivity, participation in selected high-potential value chains and the development of inclusive and sustainable market systems, such that impacts are expected to last long beyond the termination of the project. This paper presents results from a midline quantitative impact evaluation of the second phase of the InovAgro project interventions (2014-2017). In it, we use a carefully designed and executed quasi-experimental study design to credibly attribute changes in market engagement and welfare of participating farmers to exposure to the InovAgro II project, identifying and testing in what respects the intervention was most successful, and what regard it had less impact. Although InovAgro II projects operate in 11 districts of ZambA©zia and Cabo Delgado provinces, this impact evaluation focuses on two districts in ZambA©zia province (Alto MolA³cue and Molumbo), and in terms of value chains, focuses on the soybean and pigeon pea high-potential value chains, while the InovAgro II project interventions focus on these in addition to maize, sesame and groundnut. A baseline survey was undertaken in 2015 covering the 2014/2015 agricultural season and a midline follow-up survey was conducted in 2017, covering the 2016/2017 agricultural season and reaching 1,749 households of the original 1,886 households interviewed in the baseline survey. Using difference-in-difference estimation and propensity score matching, we find that exposure to the InovAgro II project is associated with an increase in the proportion of households selling soybean and pigeon pea by approximately 5% and 16%, respectively (significant at the .01 level). Exposure to the InovAgro II project also results in significantly higher shares of smallholder farmers using improved seed for soybean and pigeon pea (an increase of 6% for soybean and 2% for pigeon pea). We find that the InovAgro II project is also associated with significant increases in access to agricultural output market information from formal sources (5%) and hired labor for farming activities (8%). Despite the significant impacts on short term outcome variables, exposure to the InovAgro II project had limited impact on long term outcome variables, such as on rural-urban migration as well as engagement in the non-farm sector (two proxies for assessing potential welfare implications of the project) however this finding is not surprising given the impact evaluation covers only two years-a short period of time to bring about the long-term impacts expected to eventually emanate from an MSD project.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Regulation of Sugar Market Price in Developing Countries","authors":"Jane Mpapalika","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3471629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3471629","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates on the regulation of sugar market price in developing countries. Sugar industry is one of the most regulated industry subjected to import duties, subsidies and quotas. Most of the sugar produced in developing countries is for home consumption that is to satisfy the local market and only a small proportion is exported. In this case, the sugar industry need policy reforms given the current public awareness on the negative effects of consuming sugar from the health sector perspective. In practice, sometimes, sugar is exported illegally to create artificial shortages. Theoretically, government intervenes to regulate the industry because of market failure or inefficiencies. Market failure may arise when prices fail to fully adjust to equilibrium, existence of imperfect competition due to monopoly and imperfect information. Although, government intervention has varying intervention costs and impacts in terms of policy goals such as economic efficiency. Government can intervene in the economy through government regulation, tax/subsidy or direct provisioning of public goods and services. Government intervention has been effective in regulating the industry.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132867940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Effectiveness of the Lead Farmer Approach in Agricultural Extension Service Provision: Nationally Representative Panel Data Analysis in Malawi","authors":"C. Ragasa","doi":"10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2020.104966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2020.104966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129799594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}