Copeia最新文献

{"title":"Niche Partitioning between Two Sympatric Lizards in the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona","authors":"Rachel Bergeron, G. Blouin‐Demers","doi":"10.1643/CH-19-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-19-268","url":null,"abstract":"Competition for resources between sympatric species can result in reduced fitness. Resource partitioning allows the minimization of competitive pressures, consequently promoting the coexistence of a diversity of species. We tested the hypothesis that the Striped Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) and the Ornate Tree Lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) that occur in sympatry in the Chiricahua mountains of Arizona, USA have distinct ecological niches to minimize interspecific competition. We compared the activity times, perch microhabitat characteristics, and diet of these insectivorous lizards to test the prediction that they partition resources. Although we found no difference between the two species in the time at which lizards become active in the morning nor in the composition of their diets, the two species used different structural perch microhabitats. The Ornate Tree Lizard selected higher and narrower perches with more closed canopy than the Striped Plateau Lizard, and males generally occupied higher perches than females. These differences in perch microhabitat use may reduce interspecific competition and allow these two sympatric species to cohabitate.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"570 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43618364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Reproductive Strategies and Female Bateman Gradients in Ditrema temminckii: Is the Number of Fathers a Good Approximation for the Number of Mates?","authors":"M. Izumiyama, S. Awata, K. Crow","doi":"10.1643/CE-19-271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-19-271","url":null,"abstract":"Surfperches (Embiotocidae) are a unique family of viviparous fishes that have internal fertilization, gestation to the sub-adult stage, and live-birth; therefore, maternal investment is extremely high. This invokes the expectation that brood size is limited and females should be choosy and select few mates. Yet multiple paternity occurs in all eight species examined to date, with high prevalence ranging from 92–100%. Most surfperches are found along the Eastern Pacific coast, but Ditrema temminckii is distributed in the Western Pacific and we found differences in their mating strategy compared to other surfperches. In D. temminckii, prevalence of multiple paternity was only 60%. Further, the average number of sires was only 1.86 per brood even though brood sizes ranged from 12–45, and paternity was skewed, with the majority of paternity allocated to a single male. We propose that these differences may be associated with strong female selection on males in this species. Finally, we evaluated whether the number of fathers is an accurate estimate for the number of mates by comparing the number of alleles detected from fathers within the brood to the number of alleles from mates via genotyping alleles from spermatozoa within the uterine sac and found no significant difference, suggesting that the number of sires is a reasonable estimate for the number of mates in D. temminckii.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"532 - 537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46108429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sperm Parameters in Pristidactylus achalensis (Squamata: Leiosauridae), a Lizard Endemic to the Highest Mountain Areas in Central Argentina","authors":"Cecilia S. Blengini, Guadalupe López Juri, M. Chiaraviglio, D. Uñates, S. Naretto","doi":"10.1643/CH-19-310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-19-310","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive physiology is influenced by environmental pressures, particularly in ectothermic species living in harsh climatic conditions. Studying the period of time in which males exhibit semen availability and their sperm traits constitutes a powerful tool to evaluate the fertility potential of males because sperm size and sperm velocity have been proposed as determinants in fertilization success. Pristidactylus achalensis is a lizard endemic to the highest mountain areas in Central Argentina and shows a pattern of seasonal activity. Here, we study the period of time when males possess sperm during the active season and characterize the spermatozoa based on sperm morphometric and dynamic traits among males and within ejaculate. Males possess sperm in their ejaculates only during the spring months of the active season, suggesting that reproductive activity is restricted to this time. Spermatozoa of Pristidactylus achalensis show intra-specific variation in sperm traits among males and within ejaculate, suggesting different reproductive potential among males. Since this species only occupies the highest areas of the mountains and is categorized as vulnerable, basic information about reproduction and sperm physiology could be useful for potential population conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"538 - 544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48175233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rudolph J. Miller (1934–2017): Oklahoma Ichthyologist, Teacher and Mentor, and Naturalist Painter","authors":"H. Robison","doi":"10.1643/ct2020107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/ct2020107","url":null,"abstract":"T HE ichthyologist, coauthor of the Fishes of Oklahoma book, naturalist painter, and long-time professor of zoology at Oklahoma State University, RUDOLPH JOHN MILLER, affectionately known as ‘‘Rudy’’ to his friends, passed away in Stillwater, Oklahoma on 10 December 2017 at the age of 83. He was born in Gbely, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia) on 25 September 1934. Rudy is survived by his three children and their spouses and grandchildren. His obituary in the Stillwater, Oklahoma newspaper noted that Rudy was a good husband, father, and provider, a man of great talent and intelligence with a wonderful sense of humor. Rudolph J. Miller came to America with his mother, Josephine Brunofski, wife of James Miller, as a young child and grew up in and around Rochester, New York. Although conceived in America, the tradition in Rudy’s family was that his pregnant mother return to ‘‘the old country’’ to have her child. As a young boy Rudy learned to love the outdoors from going fishing with his brother and he learned to draw and paint the wildlife of the area. He studied the area wildlife near his home and loved to watch the birds on Lake Ontario. He later entered Cornell University and graduated in 1956 with his bachelor’s degree in Conservation. While at Cornell, Rudy was closely associated with like-minded classmates and future luminaries who loved natural history including Bruce Collette, Tom Poulson, Tom Frazetta, and Fred Gehlbach as well as his own brother, Bob (‘‘R.V.’’ Miller), in the Department of Conservation in Fernow Hall. R.V. went on to become a well-known marine mammal scientist for NOAA in Seattle. C. Richard Robins, himself later a world-famous ichthyologist, was one of their lab instructors in vertebrate zoology as was Helen (Rudy’s future wife) in Botany. ‘‘Helen was a delightful vision in our Botany labs and it always amazed me that Rudy persuaded Helen to marry him!’’ (Bruce Collette, pers. comm.). After marrying Helen in 1957, the new couple moved to Tulane University where Rudy studied under the legendary Royal D. Suttkus. Rudy’s master’s thesis was ‘‘A Review of the Seabasses of the Genus Centropristis,’’ which he later published in Tulane Studies in Botany and Zoology (Miller, 1959). Rudy loved to tell about Suttkus rousting out him and other students in the middle of the night in the midst of a tropical downpour to go collect fishes in cottonmouth and alligator laden habitats. Under Sut’s tutelage, Rudy learned the wonderful fish fauna of the southeastern United States. After receiving his master’s degree in 1958, Rudy and Helen returned to Cornell where they each earned a Ph.D. Rudy studied under another fish legend, Edward C. Raney, switching to study fish behavior for his dissertation. His dissertation and subsequent publication on ‘‘Behavior and Fig. 1. Rudy Miller in 1971 examining specimens of Eupomacentrus jenkinsi (now Stegastes marginatus), a species of small damselfish. Rudy made behavioral observations on this species whil","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"692 - 697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48285373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New “Beakless” Halfbeak of the Genus Nomorhamphus from Sulawesi (Teleostei: Zenarchopteridae)","authors":"Hirozumi Kobayashi, K. Masengi, K. Yamahira","doi":"10.1643/CI-19-313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-19-313","url":null,"abstract":"A new viviparous halfbeak, Nomorhamphus aenigma, new species, from the upper stream of the Cerekang River in central Sulawesi, Indonesia is described. The new species is distinguished from all other zenarchopterids by the complete absence of elongate lower jaws. Although secondary loss of elongate jaws is also known from several hemiramphids, N. aenigma, new species, is clearly different from them by having no elongate jaws throughout ontogeny.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"522 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49498568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Dependent Cold Tolerance at the Northern Invasive Range Limit of Gambusia affinis on Cape Cod, Massachusetts","authors":"Zachary T. Wood, Isaac D. Shepard, Stephen T. Hurley, Mitchell R. Paisker, V. R. Hensley, M. Kinnison","doi":"10.1643/CE-19-332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-19-332","url":null,"abstract":"Many invasive species may be constrained in their ability to invade high latitude or elevation habitats due to limits of cold tolerance. However, isolated populations at the edge of these species' geographic ranges may face a combination of strong selection and lack of maladaptive gene flow that allows them to adapt to the cold and invade further. Here we show that an isolated population of Gambusia affinis (on Cape Cod, MA, USA), one of the most invasive fish in the world, can survive temperatures lower than any reported tolerances for other populations, with large, long-lived females showing more tolerance than males. Indeed, male acute cold tolerance appears insufficient, suggesting the population may persist through winters mainly via the ability of mated females to delay offspring production until spring. This combination of female cold tolerance and life history may open the door for further expansion of this invasive species into high latitude freshwater habitats.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"670 - 678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44543634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revision of the Genus Henicorhynchus, with a Revised Diagnosis of Gymnostomus (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae)","authors":"P. Ciccotto, L. Page","doi":"10.1643/CI-19-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-19-304","url":null,"abstract":"The Southeast Asian cyprinid genus Henicorhynchus has a complicated taxonomic history due to morphological similarities with other genera and among species within the genus itself. Henicorhynchus and its constituent species are herein revised based on morphological examinations of over 1,000 specimens with a particular emphasis on oromandibular structures. Five species are now recognized in the genus. Henicorhynchus entmema and H. caudimaculatus are senior synonyms of H. lobatus and H. lineatus, respectively. Henicorhynchus caudiguttatus is removed from synonymy with H. caudimaculatus. A revised diagnosis of the South Asian cyprinid genus Gymnostomus, previously considered a senior synonym of Henicorhynchus, is also provided.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"485 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44397909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two New Species of Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from Brazil and Historical Biogeography of the Subgenus Lamontianus","authors":"L. Y. Kim, W. Crampton, J. Albert","doi":"10.1643/CI-19-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-19-205","url":null,"abstract":"Gymnotus is the most species-rich and geographically widespread genus of gymnotiform electric fishes and has been widely explored to understand mechanisms of diversification in Neotropical freshwater fishes at a continental scale. Within Gymnotus, the subgenus Lamontianus is a phenotypically distinctive clade with an elongate, cylindrical body shape currently known from four valid species (G. anguillaris, G. cataniapo, G. pedanopterus, and G. tiquie) restricted to rivers draining the Guiana Shield. Here we use aspects of body-surface coloration, meristic, morphological, and osteological data, including cranial, laterosensory pore, and postcranial characters, to diagnose two new species of Lamontianus that inhabit the Aripuanã and Arapiuns rivers that drain the Brazilian Shield. We also use geometric morphometric analyses of head shape to separate the new species from one another and other species of Lamontianus. We report biogeographic distributions for all species of Lamontianus and estimate ancestral geographic ranges and range evolution using the parametric biogeographic program BioGeoBEARS. We use the phylogeny of Lamontianus to test alternative hypotheses regarding lineage divergence times, before or after the formation of the modern East-draining Amazon at c. 10 Ma. Our analysis suggests that diversification in Lamontianus occurred primarily by geographic range fragmentation (vicariance) from an ancestral species distributed across the Western Guiana Shield. These results are similar to those of other Gymnotus and gymnotiform clades, where allopatric speciation and secondary contact due to geographic range expansion are commonly observed. This study brings to 46 the number of valid species of the genus Gymnotus, and to six the number of valid species of the subgenus Lamontianus.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"468 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67412534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Madidi National Park, Amazon Basin, Bolivia","authors":"G. Miranda, L. Fernandez","doi":"10.1643/CI-19-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-19-291","url":null,"abstract":"Trichomycterus lauzannii, new species, is described from the upper Río Beni basin in La Paz, Bolivia. The new species is distinguished from congeners by the posterior cranial fontanel reduced to a small round opening on the posterior portion of supraoccipital bone and the possession of a rounded anterior cranial fontanel between frontal bones. In addition, the new species can be further distinguished from congeners by the possession of seven or fewer odontodes in the opercular patch, a pelvic fin which does not reach the anus when depressed, round blotches along the side of body, a first pectoral-fin ray prolonged as a short distal filament, and several meristic and morphometric features. Comparisons are given with similar congeners (T. cachiraensis, T. megantoni, T. sketi, and T. steindachneri).","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"459 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48009668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Test of Tradeoffs between Performance and Immunity in Water Snakes (Nerodia clarkii X Nerodia fasciata)","authors":"W. H. Hawthorne, J. Goessling","doi":"10.1643/CP-19-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CP-19-281","url":null,"abstract":"All organisms are constrained by limited energy and thus must allocate resources in such a way to maximize fitness. Due to their importance to survival, immunity and performance are each often favored in selective environments and thus may be tradeoffs of each other. To test this tradeoff hypothesis, we compared performance to three constitutive measures of immunity in a wild hybrid population of water snakes (Nerodia clarkii X Nerodia fasciata): agglutination response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), heterophil: lymphocyte ratio (HLR), and bactericidal ability (BA). Performance was quantified by exercising snakes up to the point of loss of righting response (LRR) and measuring plasma lactate concentration at this point of fatigue. Support for the tradeoff hypothesis was mixed among the immune assays. Bactericidal ability had a significant positive correlation with LRR (P = 0.003, R2 = 0.263); this was counter to our tradeoff hypothesis and suggests that individuals invest in both traits simultaneously. We failed to detect a significant relationship between SRBC and performance. A significant negative relationship was found between HLR and LRR (P = 0.005, R2 = 0.237). Heterophil: lymphocyte ratio is a balance between innate and acquired immunity that is also indicative of baseline stress. This result showed that snakes with higher HLR are constrained and perform poorly compared to snakes with lower HLR, thus indicating a potential role of stress in affecting performance. Alternatively, this result may denote that internal tradeoffs in the immune system between innate and acquired immunity drive tradeoffs between immunity and performance. Snout–vent length (SVL) was significantly positively correlated with our performance measure (P = 0.012, R2 = 0.192). This result may be explained by selection driving increases in performance and/or ontogenetic development of the locomotor apparatus. Similarly, SVL was an important driver of immunity in snakes. Together, these results clearly show an important link exists between multiple physiological traits that are each vital to survival.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":"108 1","pages":"453 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41887433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}