{"title":"Habituation and Conditioning of the Orienting Reflex in Intellectually Gifted and Average Children","authors":"H. Kimmel, Dana S. Deboskey","doi":"10.3758/BF03326742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03326742","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106835,"journal":{"name":"The Orienting Reflex in Humans","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128504725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Orienting Reaction: Key to Brain Re-presentational Mechanisms","authors":"K. Pribram","doi":"10.4324/9781003171409-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003171409-2","url":null,"abstract":"Psychology as a science has shown several seemingly incompatible fa,:~s. In the beginning psychology was defined in terms of intentionality: the ability'3f people to discern the difference between inte.nt and act and between perceiver arid what is perceived (Brentano, 1967). The, problems addressed by psychology were thought (e.g., Kiilpe, 1893) and feeling (e.g., Wundt, 1874, Freud, 1954), . sensation and movement were explored by physiologists (e.g., Mach, 1914; and Helmholtz, 1867). But soon it became clear that the boundaries between sensation and perception arid be~ween movement and action could not be ,so sharply delineated. Even feeiing~:lhad their physiological roots in the instincts (Woodworth, 1940). Thus~;j'psychology became physiological either overtly (Pavlov, 1927; Wundt; 1874) or covertly (Freud, 1950; Pribram & Gill, 1976). A new departure was signaled by Watson (1919) when, in the tradition of a growing positivism, he declared that psychology must be rooted in observation and that what could be obseryed was the behavior of organisms. Watson himself remained oriented to physiology as did his eminent student Karl Lashley. But in the hands of others-Tolman (1932), Hull (1951), Spence (1956), and, more explicitly, Skinner (1938)-psyc!1010gy as a strictly behavioral science flowered. The older views continued to develop, however. Psychophysics~(e.g.; Fechner, 1860; Stevens, 1975; Werner & Mountcastle, 1965; De Valois, 1960; De Valois, Albrecht, & Thorell, in press) honed the relationship between introspection, physical specification, and physiological inquiry to a fine edge. Gestalt psychology (e:g., Kohler, 1964) also followed this tradition, using the data from illusions as anchors for theoretical construction.","PeriodicalId":106835,"journal":{"name":"The Orienting Reflex in Humans","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132898019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Habituation and the Orienting Reflex: The Dual-Process Theory Revisted","authors":"R. Thompson","doi":"10.4324/9781003171409-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003171409-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106835,"journal":{"name":"The Orienting Reflex in Humans","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126388739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orienting Activity in Two-Stimulus Paradigms as Reflected in Heart Rate","authors":"G. Bohlin","doi":"10.4324/9781003171409-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003171409-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106835,"journal":{"name":"The Orienting Reflex in Humans","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130486827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orienting Reflex and Uncertainty Reduction in a Concept-Learning Task","authors":"J. H. D. Swart, E. A. Das-Smaal","doi":"10.4324/9781003171409-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003171409-35","url":null,"abstract":"In several studies differences in information processing activities during a concept-identification task were found to be accompanied by changes in the skin conductance response (SCR) (De Swart & Das-Smaal, 1976, 1979; Pishkin & Shurley, 1968; Pishkin & Wolfgang, 1964; Zimmermann, 1971). De Swart & Das-Smaal (1976, 1979) argued that these differences in SCR could be attributed primarily to changes in confidence in the hypothesis under test and concluded that Sokolov's model of the OR was supported. The present study aimed to test more directly the hypothesis that changes in confidence in the selected hypothesis are reflected in the change in autonomic activity, measured by SCR.","PeriodicalId":106835,"journal":{"name":"The Orienting Reflex in Humans","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127549392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distinguishing among Orienting, Defense, and Startle Reflexes","authors":"F. Graham","doi":"10.4324/9781003171409-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003171409-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106835,"journal":{"name":"The Orienting Reflex in Humans","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116686791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}