Asian Journal of Geographical Research最新文献

{"title":"Maasai Livelihoods, Terrestrial Wild Megafauna and Ecosystem Services Synergies and Tradeoffs in the Savannas of Kenya: Scenarios and Implications of Climate Change in DPSIR Model","authors":"M. Mwangi","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330089","url":null,"abstract":"Impaired sustainability of livelihoods, threatened survival of wildlife, and altered integrity of environments and ecosystems are the most persistent critical challenges plaguing the Maasai-inhabited savanna rangelands of Kenya. This study engages the Drivers-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) model to integratively and simultaneously examine those challenges. Causal social-biophysical components and links driving shifts in the interactions of Maasai’s livelihood strategies/diversifications and terrestrial wild megafaunas via ecological services (ecoservices) are explored; plausible scenarios under changing social-biophysical conditions explicated; and practical interventions illuminated. The study reveals that Maasai’s traditional and emerging livelihoods contextually interact with diverse social-biophysical conditions, particularly those related to land-use/resource-extraction and recurrent/extreme droughts, to occasion diverse and shifting ecoservice-interactions. Sharing of provisioning ecoservices predominate Maasai’s traditional strategies; emergence of heretofore rarely-extracted ecosystem goods become evident as livelihoods increasingly diversify. The study indicates that under recurrent and/or prolonged droughts occasioned by the changing climate, the existing ecoservice-tradeoffs between water needs for arable-farming and livestock, and amongst water-dependent ungulates will, ceteris paribus, intensify. Intensified ecoservice-tradeoffs among wild and domestic faunas under similar ecological-gild and/or trophic-level will plausibly unfold under that scenario. Under the same scenario, lion (Panthera leo) predation on Maasai’s livestock will intensify, and ceteris paribus, increased retaliatory killings of such nuisance terrestrial wild faunas will ensue. Apropos these rangelands, the existence of nuisance lions is revealed as a human generated reality. Collectively, persistent shifts in cross-scale social-biophysical conditions will alter and are altering, in ways yet unknown, the existing ecoservice-tradeoffs/synergies, and therefore the very sustainability of the Maasai’s livelihoods and the survival of terrestrial wild faunas. Therefore, interventions toward ensuring sustainability of ecoservices and of linked livelihoods and terrestrial wild faunas should simultaneously be adaptive to shifts in those interactions and in the changing geography of the various social-biophysical landscapes. The DPSIR model suffices as a practical tool to guide and support such interventions. The need for practical interventions entailing paradigm shift from the existing relevant policies/practices to incorporate the causal-links of the disharmonious human-wildlife interactions, in the context of various dynamic socio-ecological systems, cannot be overemphasized. Collectively, the current study reveals that it is through simultaneous assessment and systematization of the causal and proximate social-biophysical conditions linked to the presently pr","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132240923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Climatic Variables with Rice Yield Relationship and Land Cover Change Detection at Sylhet Region","authors":"G. T. Uddin, M. Hossain, F. Ishaque","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330088","url":null,"abstract":"The study is conducted to determine the correlation between climatic parameters and rice yield. The present study is also undertaken to analyze the land cover change in Sylhet district between 2013 and 2018 using LANDSAT-8 images. Local climate and rice yield data are collected from BMD (Bangladesh Meteorological Department) and BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) and BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics). ArcGIS 10.5 and SPSS software are used to show the vegetation condition and correlation coefficient between rice yield and climatic variables respectively. It is revealed from the result that rainfall is negatively correlated with Aman and Boro (local and HYV) rice whereas temperature and relative humidity showed a positive correlation with local Aman and Boro rice. On the other hand, relative humidity showed a strong linear relationship with HYV Boro rice. Finally, both temperature and relative humidity have substantial effects on yields in the Boro rice. Furthermore, vegetation condition is observed through NDVI and found the moderate-high vegetation in 2013. After that NDVI value is fluctuating which evidently signifies the rapid vegetation cover change due to a flash flood, flood and other climate changing aspects. Additionally, Forested and high land vegetation’s are endangered rapidly. Some adaptation strategies should be followed to minimize the effects of natural calamities for improving better vegetation condition.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134014110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Coastline Changes in the Coastal Belt of Chittagong in Bangladesh Using GIS and Remote Sensing","authors":"Md Shakil Khan, Jewel Das, Md. Humayain Kabir","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330087","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal zones are the most dynamic feature of earth surface in which lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere gets into contact with each other. Such dynamic process should be monitored with great importance as a large portion of the world’s population is living along the coastal zones. This paper focuses on delineation of the changes in the coastal land areas of Chittagong in Bangladesh through the shifting of coastline. Chittagong coastal area is around 245 km with an unbroken 125 km gently slopped sandy sea beach in Cox’s Bazar. However, due to both the natural phenomenon and human interventions, coastline in these areas has been changing gradually. These changes have occurred in relation to land biomass, erosion and accretion rate. Therefore, shoreline geometry analysis can help understand such dynamic coastal process. Several satellite images from Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) were used for the long term coastline change analysis. The digital shoreline analysis (DSA) using ArcGIS 10.1, and image rectification, atmospheric correction, edge separation techniques between earth surface and water surface using ENVI software were used in this analysis. DSAS was used as a reliable statistical approach for the rate of coastline change.  The result shows that changes in dynamic changes due to erosion and accretion have been impacting the morph-dynamics in the study area. The maximum accession rate was 3.6 km and 1.9 km at different section points and on the contrary the maximum erosion at several section points was 0.37 km and 3.3 km at the time interval of 1989 to 2009 and 2009 to 2014, respectively. Overall, it was found that the area was affected with huge rate of accretion and increase in the landmass of the Chittagong area till the year 2009 but later on till the date of 2014 the erosion rate of the area again increased. The findings of this study can help policy makers to make decisions in delineating new islands emerging at the sea boundary of Bangladesh and planning for better coastal management.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124458396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biostratigraphic and Paleoenvironmental Characterization of Cretaceous Carbonate Deposits in the Ivorian Offshore Sedimentary Basin, Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Yao Kouadio Cyrille, Gbangbot Jean-Michel Kouadio, D. Eric, Mondé Sylvain, D. Z. Bruno, N. Victor","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330086","url":null,"abstract":"The biostratigraphic characterization of the Cretaceous carbonate levels of the offshore sedimentary basin of Côte d'Ivoire was made possible by a palynological and micropaleontological study of two drilling cutting (SN-X and DH-X). These sediments provided a rich microfauna consisting of species such as Ticinella madecassiana, Ticinella primula, Ticinella raynaudi and Ticinella roberti associated with a rich microflora composed of spores and pollen grains such as Appendicisporites potomacensis, Cicatricosisporites venustus, Appendicisporites baconicus, Ephedripites sp., Schizea certa and Elaterosporites klaszi characterizing the upper Albian. \u0000This study highlights several stages including the Cenomanian foraminifera Globigerinelloides bentonensis, Globigerinelloides caseyi, and pollen grains Steevesipollenites cupuliformis, and Ephedripites barghornii and Turonian by the planktonic foraminifera Heterohelix moremani, Hedbergella planispira, Whiteinella archaeocretacea, Whiteinella baltica. \u0000The lower Senonian is marked by the planktonic foraminifera Hedbergella delrioensis, Heterohelix globulosa, Heterohelix reussi, and the dynocyst Oligosphaeridium complex and Dinogymnium westralium. The Campanian is evidenced by the presence of the dinocysts Circulodinium distinctum and Hystrichodinium pulchrum. \u0000Thanks to the lithological and biostratigraphic analysis of these carbonate sediments, the palaeo-provinces have been determined and are located in the internal, medium or external neritic domains. Massive limestones were established between the upper Albian and the lower Senonian. The matrix is generally present in the lower and medium Albian.  The full carbonate sedimentation occurs between the medium Albian and the lower Senonian, with a maximum in the upper Albian.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116852282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General Geographical Overview of Mars","authors":"Sanjib Das, P. Sarkar","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i330085","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive living creatures on the Earth from 4.0 billion years ago to date lived and diversified under a specific physical & environmental condition of the Earth, where the Earth’s gravity plays an important role. But populations of this planet are growing so rapidly to the point of concern that the Earth’s Carrying Capacity has been surmounted. So, for maintaining the Carrying Capacity, it is important to find out another/other planets which are like the Earth. In our generation, there are some who believe that an ecosystem fit for human survival is creatable on Mars (Red Planet). Although there seems to be no life at present in Mars, there is substantial evidence, returned by various robotic missions, that in the early Mars’ history, liquid water environments existed, and conditions may have been suitable for the origin of native life.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"210 4-5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133993194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Climate Change in the Stream Flow, Crop Yields and NP Levels at White Oak Bayou Watershed Using SWAT simulation: A Case Study","authors":"Alminda Magbalot-Fernandez, Qianwen He, F. Molkenthin","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i230083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i230083","url":null,"abstract":"Projected changes in temperature due to global climate change may have serious impacts on hydrologic processes, water resources availability, irrigation water demand, and thereby affecting the agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on crop production and water resources is of utmost importance for developing possible adaptation strategies. The White Oak Bayou, one of the several waterways that give Houston, Texas, United States its popular nickname \"The Bayou City\" was selected in this case study. \u0000SWAT model is process based and can simulate the hydrological cycle, crop yield, soil erosion and nutrient transport. It is operated with an interface in ArcView GIS using raster or vector datasets including the digital elevation model (DEM), soil properties, vegetation, LULC, and meteorological observations observed which were derived from the Consortium for Geospatial Information, National Cooperative Soil Survey, National Land Cover Database 2006, NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis and USGS website in 2005-2008. The climate change scenario was based on the projected increase in temperature by the IPCC by 2100. \u0000This case study showed a decrease in streamflow from observed actual scenario (2005-2008) to projected increase of 4°C temperature in future climate change scenario by 2100. The evapotranspiration increased but there was a decrease in surface runoff and percolation. \u0000Moreover, there were greater average plant biomass and more average plant yields. Hence, the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and removed in yield increased. Thus, the total nitrogen decreased while the total phosphorus is zero indicating loss of the Phosphorus content in the soil. Yet, this case study needs to be validated and calibrated with actual data to support the projected outcome.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"139 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120980033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Perception and Control Measures towards Environmental Risk in Obio Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State","authors":"Cookey A. Tammy, T. Bodo, Perri T. Owunari","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i230082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i230082","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate the perception and control measures towards environmental risk in Obio Akpor Local government area (LGA) of Rivers State. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Rivers State Waste Management Agency in Obio-Akpor LGA of Rivers State between January 2019 - March 2019. \u0000Methodology: The survey method was employed and the simple random techniques was adopted whilst 265 copies of the questionnaire were used to elicit information from the number of employee. \u0000Results: The findings revealed that that majority of the respondents under survey had a good knowledge of occupational health risk and are fully aware of the environmental health risk associated with waste dumping, As a Possible control measures it was revealed that the majority had the opinion that the provision of safety and health structure is the best preventive measures so as to eliminate health hazard among solid waste workers. \u0000Conclusion: RIWAMA should establish sanitary facilities where workers can wash after work to ensure effective personal hygiene is maintained and also provide them with Personal protective equipment.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128128454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Characterization of Aeolian Dust Deposition in Southern and Western Iran","authors":"M. A. Foroushani, C. Opp, M. Groll","doi":"10.9734/AJGR/2019/V2I230081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJGR/2019/V2I230081","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, the southwestern and western provinces of Iran have been heavily affected by aeolian dust deposition. As a result, the elemental composition of soil surfaces is influenced by dust transport as well as precipitation, wind speed and direction. The relationship between daily recorded dust events and the elemental composition of the dust is studied in this paper. Strong correlations were detected between dust deposition rate from most deposition sites (G01-G10, except for G05, G06) and the dust event frequency. Correlations of different strengths have been revealed between the dust event frequencies (DEF), and the elemental classification matrix based on airborne Metal Regulations. \u0000As expected, high correlation values indicate high concentration contributions of elemental values to the aerosol, such as Na, Mn, As, Pb, from large-scale depositions in the south including Cr and V in the west. These findings also suggest that the major contributors of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, and Pb in the elemental concentrations may depend on the meteorological situation and correlation magnitude are associated with elements emanating from local anthropogenic activities.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116920565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Core Demarcation Using Geo-Spatial Techniques: A Habitat Management Approach in Panchet Forest Division, Bankura, West Bengal, India","authors":"Mrinmay Mandal, N. Chatterjee","doi":"10.9734/AJGR/2019/V2I230080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJGR/2019/V2I230080","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat interior function effect from an area of specific edge depth in a forest patch. Every habitat has obviously an interior area, small or large size. Structurally it depends on the shape and edge depth ratio of the specific patch. The amount of habitat interior strengthens movement, connectivity, protection and availability of species, especially for large size animal. Habitat interior plays a vital role in sustaining their biological behaviour and activities. Forest habitat is developed by plantation after 1980 through different social forestry programs in Panchet Forest division. For this reason, forest cover is increased and it is spatially fragmented in nature. Fragmented habitat has a negative impact on forest interior. So demarcation of habitat interior or core is very urgent for biodiversity conservation and managing habitat structure. Thus the present study tries to investigate and identify the amount of habitat core using geospatial techniques and field verification. Major objectives are to suggest practical methods to increases the amount of interior as well as to minimize the gap between isolated patches to enhance the functional capability of habitat core in Panchet Forest Division under Bankura District.     ","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124209125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of GIS and Remote Sensing to Analyse Land Use Land Cover Change Detection and Vegetation Dynamics Using Multi-temporal Satellite Images; The Case of Mariamdehan Kebele, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Esayas Meresa, Yikunoamlak Gebrewhid","doi":"10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i230079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i230079","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting Land use and land cover change and vegetation condition has become a central component in current strategies for managing and monitoring of environmental changes caused by anthropogenic activities. To come up with such decisions, geoinformatics technology is providing new tools to conduct vegetation and land use land cover change detection analysis for managing and wise utilisation of natural resources as well as to provide information for policymakers in a given study area. This study examines the use of geoinformatics technology to analyse land use land cover (LULC) change and vegetation dynamics using multi-temporal satellite images for the maryamdehan kebele in the years 1984, 2005 and 2015. Both primary and secondary data were used from different sources. Satellite images of the year 1984, 2005 and 2015 were downloaded from the govis.usgs.gov website and ground control points (GCP) data were collected by handheld GPS for supervised image classification in Erdas imagine and ArcGIS environment. The findings show that six main land use land cover classes were detected and vegetation values were also computed in each period.  As a result, the total area of the kebele was 3646.49 hectare, from which in 1984 forest area (40.691%), grassland (26.15%) and farmland (10.81%) were dominant classes and in 2005 settlement (52.41%), forest area (25.04%) & farmland (11.71%) and in 2015, 35.14% was covered by forest land, 30.04% by Settlement, and 14.74% by farmland. Water resource decreases from 9.3% to 0.64% in 2015 and the bare land also changes from 3.18% to 0.903% because of urban expansion and agricultural activities in the kebele. In addition, the vegetation condition looks like a sinusoidal trend from the year 1984 up to 2015 because of climate change and human interventions in the kebele. To conclude that detecting LULC change and analysis of vegetation dynamics plays a great role in land use management and wise utilisation of natural resources by applying Geoinformatics tools in the kebele and it provides information for the policymakers to prepared future plan and for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":106705,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114545690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}