Frontiers in Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"CO1 barcodes resolve an asymmetric biphyletic clade for Diabrotica undecimpunctata subspecies and provide nucleotide variants for differentiation from related lineages using real-time PCR","authors":"L. Tembrock, C. R. Wilson, F. Zink, A. Timm, T. Gilligan, A. Konstantinov, A. Tishechkin","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1168586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1168586","url":null,"abstract":"Diabrotica undecimpunctata is a multivoltine polyphagous beetle species that has long been documented as a significant agricultural pest throughout its native range in North America. This beetle can vector bacterial and viral plant pathogens that result in major losses to crops such as cucumber and soybean. Many countries outside the Americas treat D. undecimpunctata as a species of quarantine importance, while in the USA only the subspecies D. u. duodecimnotata is subject to quarantine, to prevent introduction from Mexico. Identification of D. undecimpunctata on the basis of morphology alone can be complicated given the use of conflicting characters in the description of some subspecific taxa. To better understand relationships among D. undecimpunctata subspecies and other related species, we sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA from individuals in different subspecific taxa and across different parts of the species range using museum samples and interceptions. When our data were combined with publicly available Diabrotica data, no pattern of divergence consistent with the currently recognized subspecific designations was found. In addition, we compared phylogenetic patterns in CO1 data from the congener D. virgifera to demonstrate the utility of mitochondrial data in resolving subspecies. From the CO1 data, a diagnostic real-time PCR assay was developed that could successfully identify all haplotypes within the large D. undecimpunctata clade for use in surveys and identification at ports of entry. These findings underscore the need to resolve molecular and morphological datasets into cogent, lineage-based groupings. Such efforts will provide an evolutionary context for the study of agriculturally important attributes of Diabrotica such as host preferences, xenobiotic metabolism, and natural and anthropogenic patterns of dispersal.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124508193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the host range of Anastatus orientalis, an egg parasitoid of spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) using Eastern U.S. non-target species","authors":"Hannah J. Broadley, Steven J. Sipolski, D. Pitt, K. Hoelmer, Xiao-yi Wang, L. Cao, L. Tewksbury, Tyler J. Hagerty, C. Bartlett, Alana D. Russell, Yunke Wu, Shannon C. Davis, J. M. Kaser, J. Elkinton, J. Gould","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1154697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1154697","url":null,"abstract":"The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), an invasive planthopper discovered in Pennsylvania, U.S. in 2014, has spread to many surrounding states despite quarantines and control efforts, and further spread is anticipated. A classical (importation) biological control program would contribute to the long-term management of L. delicatula in the eastern U.S. In its native range of China, Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), an egg parasitoid, causes significant mortality. Anastatus orientalis consists of multiple haplotypes that differ in important biological parameters. To delineate the physiological host range of A. orientalis Haplotype C, we completed no-choice and choice testing. No-choice testing of non-target eggs from 36 insect species spanning six orders and 18 families showed that physiologically this haplotype of A. orientalis can develop in a variety of host species eggs from the families Coreidae, Fulgoridae, Pentatomidae, and Saturniidae. Ten of the 16 species that were attacked in the no-choice tests were also attacked in the choice tests. The production of progeny on non-target egg masses was significantly lower than on the controls (L. delicatula egg masses run simultaneously) in the no-choice and choice tests. For the non-target species that were attacked and resulted in female wasp progeny, these females were able to produce their own progeny at the same rate as control females that were reared from the L. delicatula eggs. Larger host eggs corresponded to an increased female-biased sex ratio of the progeny, suggesting that gravid females select them for fertilized eggs. Results from these studies suggest that A. orientalis Haplotype C prefers to parasitize L. delicatula egg masses but is capable of developing in some non-target species.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128201604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An effective trap for spotted lanternfly egg masses","authors":"P. Lewis, A. Dávila-Flores, Emily Wallis","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1154510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1154510","url":null,"abstract":"Spotted lanternfly (SLF) (Lycorma delicatula (White)), an invasive planthopper discovered in Pennsylvania, USA in 2014, continues to spread and is now present in 14 states with substantial infestations present in seven states. Population projections using adult SLF trapping or visual counts are not reliable due to the transient, migratory behavior of the adults which make population forecasts difficult. Another approach to population monitoring is utilization of the stationary egg mass stage, but counting small cryptic egg masses throughout the canopy of large trees in dense woodlots is arduous and prone to error. After several field seasons testing various trapping configurations and materials, we have identified an efficient, simple, low-cost trap termed a ‘lamp shade trap’ that is attached to the lower trunk area of an SLF host tree. SLF females readily enter the trap and lay eggs on the thin, flexible trap surface. A vertical trap orientation was superior, and the most productive woodlots yielded an average of 47 and 54 egg masses per trap, and several traps had over 100 egg masses. There were 1,943 egg masses tallied from 105 traps placed at six locations in two states. Egg mass counts in the area above and below the traps and on nearby control trees yielded very few egg masses in comparison. Selection of trees 15 to 20 cm in diameter for trap placement is most efficient, yielding good egg mass abundance while minimizing the amount of trap material used. The lamp shade trap has potential as an effective tool to identify SLF in new areas, gauge SLF population levels in woodlots and can also be used to collect and monitor egg masses for research purposes.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"175 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120930053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbivory by Atta vollenweideri: Reviewing the significance of grass-cutting ants as a pest of livestock","authors":"J. Sabattini, M. Bollazzi","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1101445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1101445","url":null,"abstract":"The grass-cutting ant Atta vollenweideri is well suited for studies examining the negative effect leaf-cutting ants have on livestock production in South American grasslands because they forage on the same plants as cattle. This study investigated the impact of A. vollenweideri on livestock production in Argentinean rangelands. First, we assessed A. vollenweideri herbivory rates and its economic injury level (EIL). Second, using satellite imagery in a region covering 15,000 ha, we estimated the percentage of this area that surpassed the calculated EIL. Results showed that A. vollenweideri consumed approximately 276 kg of dry plant weight/ha/year, foraging mostly on grasses (70%). Additionally, ants cut 25% of herbs and 5% of trees. In summer and autumn, ants consumed more grasses, while in winter and spring, herbs and trees were also significantly cut. Ants consumed 7% of the forage demand needed to raise a calf according to the management regime applied by farmers. Our calculated EIL (5.85 nests/ha) falls in the range of previous studies. Colonies were absent in 93.6% of the surveyed area, while their density was below the EIL in 6.2% of the area. A. vollenweideri populations surpassed the EIL in only 0.2% of the area, which corresponds to 2.6% of the locations holding colonies. These results question the perception that Atta leaf-cutting ants are a pest of livestock production. Although ants consume a small percentage of cattle’s forage demand, evidence that ants and cattle are competing in the few cases in which density surpasses the EIL is arguable. First, grass-cutting ants are capable of consuming herbs and trees in addition to the grasses on which cattle mostly feed. Second, there is no evidence indicating that both are cutting the same plant portions when preferences overlap. Third, evidence suggests that ants are not displaced under high-pressure grazing regimes by cattle. In the countries where A. vollenweideri is present, decision makers have promulgated several acts making its control mandatory. It is time to revisit the pest status of A. vollenweideri and include the use of EIL as a control criterion.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116850485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and reproductive status affect amino acid appetite in house crickets (Acheta domesticus)","authors":"A. Tierney, Elizabeth Velazquez, Lauryn Johnson, Sarah Hiranandani, Meghan Pauly, Maya Souvignier","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1120413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1120413","url":null,"abstract":"We examined amino acid appetite in the omnivorous house cricket (Acheta domesticus), a common model organism for both research and teaching. Our first experiment addressed the hypothesis that house crickets can discriminate between sucrose and essential amino acids (EAA), and that preference for the latter would be affected by prior feeding experience. To test this hypothesis, we compared feeding responses of juvenile and adult crickets following pre-feeding with sucrose or an essential amino acid mixture, predicting that sucrose-only pre-feeding would enhance subsequent intake of amino acids in a two-choice preference test. Based on previous studies, we also predicted that amino acid consumption would be enhanced in females compared to males, and in mated compared to virgin females. Hence we compared responses in male and female last instar nymphs, adult males, virgin females, mated females, and mated females allowed to lay eggs. The second experiment examined how extended periods of essential amino acid deprivation (48 h to 6 days) affected appetite for these nutrients in adult male and female insects. Finally, we examined growth and survival of juvenile and adult crickets fed a holidic diet lacking all amino acids and protein. Our results demonstrated that house crickets can distinguish EAA from sucrose and that consumption of the former is enhanced following sucrose-only pre-feeding. We also found sex and developmental differences, with juvenile and virgin females showing a greater preference for EAA than juvenile or adult males. Contrary to expectation, mated females preferred sucrose over EAA both prior to and after egg laying. We also found that the crickets of both sexes increased their intake of EAA when exposed to longer periods of deprivation, indicating that they engage in compensatory feeding on these nutrients. Finally, as expected we found that growth was severely limited in juveniles fed a diet lacking all amino acids, but adults and many juveniles survived for 30 days on this diet.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127380241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Obstacles, advantages, and recent progress in honey bee virus research","authors":"WEI-FONE Huang","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.878344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.878344","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Huang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 03 April 2023 DOI 10.3389/finsc.2023.878344","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128425615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus: More than post-prandial diuresis","authors":"I. Orchard, Areej N. Al-Dailami, J. Leyria, A. Lange","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1167889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1167889","url":null,"abstract":"Rhodnius prolixus, a major vector of Chagas disease, may be considered the model upon which the foundations of insect physiology and biochemistry were built. It is an obligate blood feeder in which the blood meal triggers growth, development and reproduction. The blood meal also triggers a post-prandial diuresis to maintain osmotic homeostasis. In R. prolixus, as with other insects, the Malpighian tubules play a critical role in this diuresis, and much has been learned about diuresis in R. prolixus, and in other model insects. But the post-genomic era has brought new insights, identifying functions quite apart from diuresis for Malpighian tubules. Indeed, microarrays, transcriptomes, and proteomics have revealed the major roles that Malpighian tubules play in immunity, detoxification, pesticide resistance, and in tolerance to overall stress. This is particularly relevant to R. prolixus since gorging on blood creates several challenges in addition to osmotic balance. Xenobiotics may be present in the blood or toxins may be produced by metabolism of blood; and these must be neutralized and excreted. These processes have not been well described at the molecular level for Malpighian tubules of R. prolixus. This paper will review the involvement of Malpighian tubules in immunity and detoxification, identifying new aspects for Malpighian tubule physiology of R. prolixus by virtue of a transcriptome analysis. The transcriptome analysis indicates the potential of Malpighian tubules of R. prolixus to mount a robust innate immune response, and to contribute to antioxidant production and heme detoxification.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127063445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval and adult diet affect phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance of the marula fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)","authors":"Dylan A. Pullock, Kévin Malod, A. Manrakhan, C. Weldon","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1122161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1122161","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Temperature fluctuations are important for the distribution and survival of insects. Rapid hardening, a type of phenotypic plasticity, is an adaptation that can help individuals better tolerate lethal temperatures because of earlier exposure to a sublethal but stressful temperature. Nutrition and sex are also known to influence a species ability to tolerate thermal stress. This study determined the effects of larval diet, adult diet, sex and hardening on the thermal tolerance of Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) at lower and upper lethal temperatures. Methods Larvae were raised on either an 8% torula yeast (high) or a 1% torula yeast (low) larval diet and then introduced to one of three dietary regimes as adults for thermal tolerance and hardening assays: no adult diet, sugar only, or sugar and hydrolysed yeast diet. Flies of known weight were then either heat- or cold-hardened for 2 hours before being exposed to a potentially lethal high or low temperature, respectively. Results Both nutrition and hardening as well as their interaction affected C. cosyra tolerance of stressful temperatures. However, this interaction was dependent on the type of stress, with nutrient restriction and possible adult dietary compensation resulting in improved cold temperature resistance only. Discussion The ability of the insect to both compensate for a low protein larval diet and undergo rapid cold hardening after a brief exposure to sublethal cold temperatures even when both the larva and the subsequent adult fed on low protein diets indicates that C. cosyra have a better chance of survival in environments with extreme temperature variability, particularly at low temperatures. However, there appears to be limitations to the ability of C. cosyra to cold harden and the species may be more at risk from long term chronic effects than from any exposure to acute thermal stress.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129897096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence and distribution of dinotefuran in tree of heaven","authors":"Justin Keyzer, P. Lewis, D. McCullough","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1134064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1134064","url":null,"abstract":"Spotted lanternfly (SLF) (Lycorma delicatula (White)), an invasive planthopper discovered in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. in 2014, feeds for approximately six months by sucking phloem sap from trunks and limbs of tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, along with several native trees and woody vines. Basal trunk sprays of dinotefuran, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, are commonly used to reduce SLF densities and spread. Information on dinotefuran persistence and within-tree distribution can help identify optimal timing of annual basal trunk sprays, facilitating efficient use of available resources. We applied dinotefuran to 20 uninfested A. altissima trees in early April then periodically sampled foliage to monitor insecticide residues. Foliar dinotefuran residues averaged (± SE) 7.8 ± 1.1 and 6.3 ± 1.2 in July and August, respectively, then dropped significantly to 2.6 ± 0.5 ppm in September. In a second study, 20 A. altissima trees were similarly treated with dinotefuran basal trunk sprays in early June. Trees were felled to collect foliage and phloem from branches and the trunk in either mid-July or September. Foliar residues averaged 12.7 ± 1.3 and 14.6 ± 2.2 ppm in July and September, respectively. For trees felled in July, residues were detected in phloem collected from below the spray line on trunks of seven trees and above the spray line on three trees, averaging 8.6 ± 4.4 and 7.4 ± 2.9 ppm, respectively. In trees felled in September, phloem from below spray lines of seven trees averaged 3.7 ± 1.3 ppm but dinotefuran was not detected in phloem from above the spray line on any trees. Dinotefuran was not detected in phloem sampled from any branches in either July or September. Results suggest dinotefuran basal trunk sprays applied between late May and mid June should persist long enough to effectively control SLF late instars and adults.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122967366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrow host-range and lack of persistence in two non-target insect species of a bacterial symbiont exploited to deliver insecticidal RNAi in Western Flower Thrips","authors":"M. Whitten, Qi Xue, C. N. Taning, Reuben James, G. Smagghe, R. del Sol, M. Hitchings, P. Dyson","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1093970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1093970","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Insecticidal RNAi is a targeted pest insect population control measure. The specificity of insecticidal RNAi can theoretically be enhanced by using symbiotic bacteria with a narrow host range to deliver RNAi, an approach termed symbiont-mediated RNAi (SMR), a technology we have previously demonstrated in the globally-invasive pest species Western Flower Thrips (WFT). Methods Here we examine distribution of the two predominant bacterial symbionts of WFT, BFo1 and BFo2, among genome-sequenced insects. Moreover, we have challenged two non-target insect species with both bacterial species, namely the pollinating European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, and an insect predator of WFT, the pirate bug Orius laevigatus. Results Our data indicate a very limited distribution of either symbiont among insects other than WFT. Moreover, whereas BFo1 could establish itself in both bees and pirate bugs, albeit with no significant effects on insect fitness, BFo2 was unable to persist in either species. Discussion In terms of biosafety, these data, together with its more specific growth requirements, vindicate the choice of BFo2 for delivery of RNAi and precision pest management of WFT.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131976407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}