{"title":"Predictors of short-term trajectories of students’ expectancy-value motivational beliefs in introductory calculus courses","authors":"Patrick N. Beymer , Emily Q. Rosenzweig","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, we examined the rate of change among college students’ (<em>N</em> = 429) competence beliefs, interest value, importance value, and four facets of cost measured weekly across a semester of two introductory calculus courses. We also examined how baseline levels of expectancy-value motivational beliefs predicted initial levels and rates of change in weekly expectancy-value beliefs. Results suggested that competence-related beliefs, interest value, and importance value decreased weekly throughout the semester, whereas outside effort and loss of valued alternatives cost increased. Additionally, baseline levels of each task-value-related construct predicted initial weekly levels of their respective constructs, but did not generally predict changes in task values over time. Conversely, baseline competence-related beliefs predicted slower declines in weekly competence-related beliefs, as well as slower declines in importance value and slower increases in outside effort cost, loss of valued alternatives cost, and emotional cost. Finally, baseline importance value predicted larger increases in weekly cost beliefs for all four dimensions of cost that were examined. Together, findings point to the importance of providing early course supports to buffer students against motivational challenges that threaten course participation and performance. Findings also suggest that students’ initial levels of competence-related beliefs are an important buffer against introductory course motivation declining across a semester, whereas initial importance value may have both positive and negative motivational consequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102236"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92016281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Zhao , Junjie Peng , Xinchen Yang , Weihao Yan , Shiqi Ke , Liyuzhi D. Dong , Yaxin Li , Jiaqi Ma , Kang Lee
{"title":"Effects of honor code reminders on university students’ cheating in unproctored exams: A double-blind randomized controlled field study","authors":"Li Zhao , Junjie Peng , Xinchen Yang , Weihao Yan , Shiqi Ke , Liyuzhi D. Dong , Yaxin Li , Jiaqi Ma , Kang Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unproctored exams have been increasingly adopted by universities globally to assess students’ learning and prevent cheating. Different forms of honor code reminders have been implemented with such exams, but no empirical research has directly compared their effectiveness in promoting academic honesty. To bridge this significant gap and inform educational practices for promoting optimal learning, we examined cheating among university students taking an unproctored exam in two field studies. Both studies used a double-blind randomized controlled design. Prior to the exam, students were provided with no reminders of academic integrity policies (most common in unproctored exams) or reminders of policies, actual cases of cheating, or negative consequences of cheating. Reminding students about academic integrity policies, actual cases of academic cheating, and the negative consequences of cheating led to significantly less cheating than providing students with no reminders. The present findings suggest that although university students may have been informed about academic integrity policies upon entry and have experienced unproctored exams, they need a brief reminder to ensure honesty just before taking them. Our findings also illustrate the importance of conducting well-controlled behavioral research that evaluates, in the field, the effectiveness of commonly implemented educational practices to ascertain that they indeed serve their designed pedagogical purposes to promote learning optimally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102213"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45759792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing amid COVID-19: Adolescent meaning making across the first year of the pandemic","authors":"Gabriel Velez, Max Herteen","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was a tumultuous time for adolescents across North America. Social and family lives were upended, schooling was often in flux, activities and milestones were canceled, and the political and medical uncertainties dominated societal discourses. A growing research base demonstrates how the pandemic impacted young people across 2020 and 2021, but there is less work on how they made meaning and incorporated these interpretations into emerging identities. This study integrates surveys in the spring and fall 2020 with interviews in winter 2021 to explore how 18 United States and Canadian adolescents made meaning across time, with a specific focus on the impacts on their family, peer, and school lives. Four main themes were demarcated in the analyses: personal growth and maturation from experiences of the pandemic; concrete skill development, new learning strategies, and new activities tied to remote schooling; redefined or reimagined social identity and connections; and stressors of the pandemic as opportunities for deeper appreciation of family relationships and values, even amid increased tension and conflict. These findings highlight potential ways that adolescents’ demonstrated resilience through their meaning making, which could contribute to strengths-based understandings to complement the current attention to negative outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102212"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48071925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A meta-analytic review of the relationships between autonomy support and positive learning outcomes","authors":"Sakhavat Mammadov , Kayla Schroeder","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study provides a comprehensive meta-analysis of the relations between students’ perceived teacher and parent autonomy support and positive learning outcomes by synthesizing 378 effect sizes from 179 independent samples in 153 studies (<em>N</em> = 213,612). We identified six categories that broadly capture positive learning outcomes: autonomous motivation, student behavioral engagement, mastery goal, self-regulated learning, self-beliefs, and academic performance. The findings demonstrate the importance of autonomy support in education contexts. Using correlation coefficients as our effect size index, we found the estimated average effect size of 0.32, with wide between- and within-cluster heterogeneity. The effects of several moderators were examined. The type of learning outcomes and the agent of autonomy support were significant moderators. Gender distribution had a significant moderating effect for teacher autonomy support, when all other moderators were held constant. The higher the percentage of females in the sample, the lower the correlation between teacher autonomy support and learning outcomes. Autonomous motivation, student behavioral engagement, and self-beliefs yielded largest effect sizes in being predicted by autonomy support. Of all learning outcomes, academic performance had the weakest overall relationship with autonomy support. Meta-analytic path analyses suggested that this relationship was partially mediated by other learning outcomes such as autonomous motivation and student engagement. Taken together, these findings provide compelling evidence for the importance of teacher and parent autonomy support for promoting positive learning outcomes in diverse educational settings from elementary school through university.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102235"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92016280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matson Driesen , Joske Rijmen , An-Katrien Hulsbosch , Marina Danckaerts , Jan R. Wiersema , Saskia Van der Oord
{"title":"Tools or Toys? The Effect of Fidget Spinners and Bouncy Bands on the Academic Performance in Children With Varying ADHD-Symptomatology","authors":"Matson Driesen , Joske Rijmen , An-Katrien Hulsbosch , Marina Danckaerts , Jan R. Wiersema , Saskia Van der Oord","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fidget tools – such as fidget spinners and bouncy bands – are advertised by manufacturers to improve academic performance in children. Therefore, these tools are often used in the classroom setting, either as a universal tool for all children or specifically for children with elevated ADHD-symptomatology. However, there is a paucity of ecologically valid research on the effectiveness of these tools in elementary school children. This study examined the effect of fidget spinners and bouncy bands on mathematics and listening performance of 233 children (53% boys, <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 9.10) in their regular classroom setting. ADHD-symptomatology was assessed by parent report and children’s movement was objectively measured by accelerometers. Linear mixed-effect models revealed that fidget spinners had an overall detrimental effect on academic performance, regardless of ADHD-symptomatology. Likewise, for the bouncy band an overall negative effect on children’s performance was found. However, further exploratory analyses suggested that for children with more symptoms of inattention the use of a bouncy band may reduce the negative effect of these symptoms on mathematics performance. Based on these findings, we advise against the use of fidget spinners or bouncy bands as universal therapeutic classroom tools to improve academic performance in elementary school children. More research is warranted on the potential beneficial effect of bouncy bands for children with elevated inattention symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102214"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48434955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disentangling magnitude processing, natural number biases, and benchmarking in fraction comparison tasks: A person-centered Bayesian classification approach","authors":"Frank Reinhold , Timo Leuders , Katharina Loibl","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on fraction comparison shows that students often follow biased comparison strategies, in particular such strategies that build on their knowledge of natural numbers. On the other hand they also apply successful comparison strategies such as benchmarking or fraction magnitude processing. Which strategies are applied or even combined depends on the students’ knowledge and on the task type. To investigate these complex relationships, we developed a balanced 2 × 2-dimensional itemset (congruent vs. incongruent items; benchmarking vs. non-benchmarking items) and a Bayesian classification of individual students’ performance (solution patters, response time, and individual distance effect), which we applied to an assessment of <em>N</em> = 350 sixth graders. We could show that the classification of the students with respect to possible solution strategies matched our hypotheses: We could replicate existing patterns <em>and</em> found additional composite strategies such as ‘benchmarking or bias‘ with a bias only in solution rates of non-benchmark items. In further analyses we found ‘benchmarking or suppressed bias-strategies (i.e., a bias in problem solving time of non-benchmarking items). Our study extends previous knowledge on individual strategies in fraction comparison and proposes a new person-centered approach to classify individual student profiles even with small profile sizes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102224"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46697004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Longitudinal and reciprocal links between writing motivation and writing quality in grades 4–5: A cross-lagged panel analysis","authors":"Isabel Rasteiro , Teresa Limpo","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relevance of writing motivation to the development of good writing skills throughout schooling is well-documented. However, the relationships between different motivational beliefs and the directionality of their links to writing performance have not been the focus of empirical research. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study examining the reciprocal associations between writing attitudes, writing self-efficacy in three domains (viz., conventions, ideation, and self-regulation), five writing motives (viz., curiosity, emotional regulation, boredom relief, grades, and competition), and writing quality. For that, we asked 532 fourth graders to complete three motivation-related questionnaires and to write two opinion essays. This procedure was repeated one year later. A cross-lagged panel analysis showed three main findings: (a) most motivational beliefs were associated with each other within and between Grades 4 and 5; (b) contrary to what happened in Grade 4, most beliefs in Grade 5 were concurrently associated with writing quality; (c) self-efficacy for writing conventions in Grade 4 longitudinally predicted text quality in Grade 5. These results not only reinforce the relevance of promoting students’ writing motivation, but also inform teachers about where to start in order to achieve this goal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102222"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41560325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukáš Kolek , Ivan Ropovik , Vít Šisler , Herre van Oostendorp , Cyril Brom
{"title":"Video games and attitude change: A meta-analysis","authors":"Lukáš Kolek , Ivan Ropovik , Vít Šisler , Herre van Oostendorp , Cyril Brom","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Video games are increasingly portraying many topics that we face in our everyday lives. Yet we have only limited evidence about the way narrative games affect how we think about the topics they depict; in other words, about the link between these games and attitude change. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of video games’ effect on attitudinal change. The findings suggest that narrative video games affect players’ attitudes towards the topics depicted in games. This effect was present in studies focused on changes in both implicit (g = 0.36, k = 18) and explicit attitudes (g = 0.24, k = 101). Longer intervention duration and game mechanics such as stereotyping and meaningful feedback resulted in larger implicit attitude change. Regarding the robustness of the underlying evidence, half of the included studies were judged to be at high risk of bias. On the other hand, the impact of publication bias in this literature was found to be negligible. Altogether, this meta-analysis provides evidence that video games shape how we think about topics they represent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102225"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49765962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grade goal effects on the interplay between motivation and performance in undergraduate gateway mathematics courses","authors":"Alex Shum, Luke K. Fryer","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Students entering higher education experience significant declines in both performance and motivation. Compulsory foundational gateway courses are an obvious source of difficulty. Low cost at-scale support is much needed during this critical period, but when and how remain open questions. Grade goals and self-efficacy provide short-term motivation, and are among the greatest correlates to achievement in higher education. Furthermore, students’ ongoing development in domain knowledge and interest can also offer insight on the student experience beyond the gateway course. The current study investigated the interplay between performance, short-term, and long-term motivations in a first-year online mathematics course at a research-intensive university in Pacific-Asia. Participants (n = 175) completed a pretest, four formative quizzes, and surveys measuring self-efficacy (beginning, middle, and end) and interest (beginning and end). Participants were randomly assigned to one of control (no explicit instructions), course-grade-goal, or quiz-grade-goal conditions (i.e., explicit instructions to make goal(s) for the overall course or each subsequent quiz respectively, with feedback on each quiz in relation to goals). Analyses included MANOVAs for difference testing, and testing a longitudinal fully-forward (all past variables simultaneously predicting future variables) latent SEM model. In the face of an uncertain context, self-efficacy remained a salient reciprocal predictor of performance, while students’ interest experienced initial dissonance with performance, realigning by the end of the semester. SEM results indicated that participants who set course-level goals had greater middle-of-term self-efficacy, but also lower interest at the end of the course. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102228"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49765938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanessa W. Vongkulluksn , Christina Nishiyama , Monica Ceja Rodriguez , E. Michael Nussbaum
{"title":"Critical Reading of Informational Texts (CRIT) Scaffold: Evaluating the efficacy of an instructional scaffold for reading multiple scientific texts","authors":"Vanessa W. Vongkulluksn , Christina Nishiyama , Monica Ceja Rodriguez , E. Michael Nussbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing critical processing of online information is one important mission of schooling in the 21st century. However, science teachers often lack an instructional tool they can integrate into existing curricula to support students’ information processing. This study aims to examine the efficacy of the Critical Reading of Informational Texts (CRIT) scaffold on students’ critical integrative argumentation - the dialogic process of weighing, evaluating, and integrating scientific claims. The present study documented the design of the CRIT scaffold to support both critical evaluation and integration of online scientific information. Initial efficacy evidence from a cluster-randomized control group study demonstrated that students who used the scaffold produced written task products that had higher overall argumentative quality and were more likely to support evidence-based conclusions about Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), weigh claims using source and evidence quality, and engage in refutation by countering specific claims based on why they are flawed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10635,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102229"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49765942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}