Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal最新文献_第3页

Renters vs. Homeowners: Income and Liquid Asset Trends during COVID-19 租房者与房主:2019冠状病毒病期间的收入和流动资产趋势

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3807563

Fiona Greig, Chen Zhao, Alexandra Lefevre

{"title":"Renters vs. Homeowners: Income and Liquid Asset Trends during COVID-19","authors":"Fiona Greig, Chen Zhao, Alexandra Lefevre","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3807563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3807563","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 recession hit the lowest-paid sectors of the economy the hardest, resulting in lower-income Americans losing their jobs and income at higher rates. Therefore, renters are more likely to have been impacted negatively by the economic shocks of the pandemic. While the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act that passed in March 2020 provided one year of easily attainable mortgage forbearance for most homeowners, renters did not receive any form of federally-provided rent relief until the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021, which provided $25 billion in rental assistance through the Emergency Rental Assistance Program to cover current or past due balances. We examine income and savings patterns for renters and mortgages holders during the pandemic and ask: is there evidence that renters needed more assistance than they received? We find evidence that renters indeed needed more of a financial safety net than was available during the pandemic. The renters we analyze are much more affluent than typical renters and even among this population, they were more likely than mortgage holders to have lost their job and suffered large swings in their labor income, including large drops. Even with unusually generous UI benefits and stimulus checks, more than one in five renters experienced a greater than 10 percent drop in their total income. These income swings were more negative relative to the pre-COVID period. Finally, renters not only had lower incomes than mortgage holders, they also had much less of a savings buffer entering the pandemic. While more generous UI benefits and stimulus checks dramatically boosted their savings, they had depleted most of the additional savings by the end of the year, their position relative to mortgage holders did not improve significantly, and nearly one in four renters saw their savings decrease in 2020.","PeriodicalId":10619,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88093707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Do Social Cash Transfers Trap Beneficiaries into Poverty? A Remedial Recommendation for Malawi 社会现金转移是否使受益人陷入贫困?马拉维补救建议

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3801693

Lloyd George Banda

{"title":"Do Social Cash Transfers Trap Beneficiaries into Poverty? A Remedial Recommendation for Malawi","authors":"Lloyd George Banda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3801693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3801693","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a desk research that seeks to analyze empirical literature on the impact of social protection programmes (SPP) and attest if there is need for an alternative programme or a change in the structure. SPP dates back from A.D 98 when the Roman Emperor gave free grain to the poorer in his empire (Hammond Mason 2020). Later in 1952 the ILO provided the first instrument for SPP before the UN 1995 World Summit for Social Development where governments agreed to anchor SP systems by the law (United Nations, 1995). SPP were established on motives concerned with preventing, managing and overcoming situations that adversely affect people’s well-being. Social Cash transfers in Malawi for example have led to increase in aggregate demand and the potential to increase GDP, improved labor opportunities, strengthened social networks, improved health and education of Children. However, this research has found that the structure of Social Protection programmes in Malawi needs to be reviewed because of its propensity to trapping people especially women into poverty. The paper proposes the need to extend focus from those unfit-for-work to the vulnerable non-poor. Inclusion of the vulnerable non-poor will prevent them from falling into poverty and also stimulate beneficiaries to graduate from poverty. This will lead to a substantive decrease in the pool of SPP beneficiaries in the long-run.","PeriodicalId":10619,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73634404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Price Index for Dwelling Rents in Finland 芬兰住宅租金价格指数

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3801559

Yrjö Vartia, Antti Suoperä, J. Vuorio

引用次数: 0

Housing Yields 房地产收益率

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3786959

Stefano Colonnello, Roberto Marfè, Qizhou Xiong

引用次数: 3

Inheriting Privilege 继承的特权

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3786351

A. Tait

{"title":"Inheriting Privilege","authors":"A. Tait","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3786351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3786351","url":null,"abstract":"All families may be created equal, so to speak. But differences between families in terms of economic wealth, resource networks, and access to cultural capital are both severe and stark. A large part of what shapes this scenery of economic possibility is the legal framework of wealth transfer. Wealth travels through generations and sticks, crystallizing in predictable places and shapes, thereby embedding complex forms of inequality within and between families. The family trust, in particular, is a mode of transfer that facilitates wealth preservation as well as wealth inequality. Family trusts are tailored to convey and defend complex patrimonies in ways that no other form of wealth transfer can do. Wills, the other most common form of wealth transfer, do not have the same functionality and can only effectuate a one-time transfer, making it difficult to exert long-term control over beneficiaries. <br><br>This Article’s primary goal is to excavate the myriad ways in which the family trust is a driver of inequality by explaining the family trust’s plasticity and ability to bend to the needs of high-wealth families. The Article accomplishes this by demonstrating how the family trust facilitates not only wealth inequality but also social and cultural inequality. These explorations into complex inequality and its furtherance by the family trust are useful because they help us better appreciate the significant role that family trusts play in the evolving story of class, gender, and race privilege in the United States. Attending to the practices and possibilities of the family trust also leads us to a better understanding of how trust reform might begin to dislocate the family trust from its central positioning within the legal architecture of inequality. Ultimately, the family trust does not have to be coextensive with elite family advantage; it can be reimagined to work on behalf of communities that are economically vulnerable and historically dispossessed.","PeriodicalId":10619,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87590160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Required Minimum Distribution 401(K) Rules Matter, and for Whom? Insights from a Lifecycle Model 401(K)最低分配规定重要吗?对谁重要?生命周期模型的洞察力

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3789278

Vanya Horneff, R. Maurer, O. Mitchell

引用次数: 5

Retiring the 401(k): A New Framework for Retirement Savings 退休401(k)计划:退休储蓄的新框架

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3762653

Benjamin C Silver, Michael Slomovics

引用次数: 0

The Influence of COVID-19 Economic Impact Payment on Household Consumption in South Korea - Focusing on Comparison by Income Classes - 新冠肺炎经济冲击支付对韩国家庭消费的影响——以收入阶层比较为重点

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15855/SWP.2021.48.1.63

Jaehyun Nam, RaeHyuck Lee

引用次数: 2

The Effect of Unemployment Insurance Benefits on (Self-)Employment: Two Sides of the Same Coin? 失业保险福利对(自主)就业的影响:一枚硬币的两面?

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3249939

Josef Hollmayr, Jan Kuckuck

{"title":"The Effect of Unemployment Insurance Benefits on (Self-)Employment: Two Sides of the Same Coin?","authors":"Josef Hollmayr, Jan Kuckuck","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3249939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3249939","url":null,"abstract":"Although a meaningful percentage of firms are created out of unemployment and current active labor market policies in Europe often subsidize unemployed individuals to start their own businesses, little is known about the role of unemployment insurance (UI) generosity for selfemployment. By using Spanish administrative data including previously unavailable information on self-employment, we exploit a reform-driven exogenous cut in UI benefits to identify its causal effect on general employment and decompose it into the effects on self-employment and re-employment. Exploiting a discontinuity in the UI benefit schedule which changed as a result of the 2012 Spanish labor market reform, we estimate the causal reform effects on the extensive margin of (self-)employment and on unemployment duration. We find heterogeneous effects on the extensive margin: while the job-finding rate increases, the startup rate decreases. Over different time horizons, the negative effect on self-employment (35-50%) outweighs the positive effect on employment (5-33%). Our UI benefit duration elasticity estimates indicate that reduced UI benefits extend unemployment duration for individuals transitioning into self-employment but shorten unemployment for individuals finding re-employment. Due to the reform's unintended consequences for self-employment, its general employment effect is much smaller than claimed by analyses that focus only on employment.","PeriodicalId":10619,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77857873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Historic Districts A Backdoor for Segregation? Yes and No 历史街区是种族隔离的后门吗?是和不是

Comparative Political Economy: Social Welfare Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3733105

Jamie Bologna Pavlik, Yang Zhou

引用次数: 1