Construction Technologies and Architecture最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Risk of Material Damage of Building Construction of High-Rise Rooms Due to Fires and Emergencies","authors":"Roman Koval, S. Yemelyanenko, A. Kuzyk, Y. Starodub","doi":"10.4028/p-D3tgDY","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-D3tgDY","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, in connection with numerous incidents of fires occurring in hotels, many studies have been conducted on risk management issues, as well as actions in emergencies. Research has often been limited to incident analysis rather than addressing how to manage fire safety to minimize risks and did not sufficiently take into account the features of the construction of the hotel building and the characteristics of materials. The existing state of management and regulation of material damage risks from fires and emergencies does not fully take into account the approaches and means for their minimization, in particular in hotels. There is an increasing need for the use of assessment methods that will help in the performance of risk management functions. There is a need to find effective mechanisms for assessing the risks of material damage of building construction and materials of high-rise rooms from fires and emergencies. Fires in public sites on the example of hotels have been taken for research. There is an increasing need for the use of assessment methods that will help in the performance of material loss risk management functions. During the period of martial law, the method of assessing material damage to the building presented in the article can be used to assess material damage from destruction and fires for future compensation. With the help of this method, it is possible to estimate probable material damage from fires and emergencies, which will allow them to be used in supervisory and preventive activities and the insurance industry. Thus, fires in hotels cause significant material damage, and recently, as statistics show, also human losses. In hotels, it is important to ensure the protection of the building, premises and people from fire. Therefore, the issue of assessing fire risks is currently relevant. Fire risk assessment is an important part of fire science and safety engineering.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"47 1","pages":"49 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91125878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of GGBFS on the Rheological and Compressive Strength Properties of Oil well Cement Slurries by Using \"Superplasticizer\"","authors":"Wissal Ali Hussein, A. Ali, Qahtan Suleman Noaman","doi":"10.4028/p-y8EY5B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-y8EY5B","url":null,"abstract":"Cementing around the casing in oil and gas wells provides proper zonal isolation, holds the casing in place, and prevents fluid migration is an important part of the completing process and well plugging for abandonment. A reliable cement rheology prediction is central to the success of oil well-cementing operations. Properties of the rheological are plastic viscosity and yield stress by using advanced shear-stress/shear-strain controlled Viscometer with using Ground Granulated Blast Furnaces Slug, and Superplasticizer investigated. The effect replacement of Class G cement according to API [1]. (American petroleum institute) classification is performed at different rates. (15%-75%) Blast Furnaces Slag (GGBFS) at intervals of 15%. Further, by using different curing conditions (moist curing and @38°C, @60°C water path curing chamber). The results show that blended cement with 45% of GGBFS has significantly increased in compressive strength more than unblended cement type G. This happened because the fine micro GGBS influences the heat of hydration through the pozzolanic reaction and the effect of superplasticizer. The double effect of GGBS and Superplasticizer on the plastic viscosity and yield point, the linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate, by using Bingham plastic Fluid Model, the slurries act as Newtonian behavior at high shear.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"24 1","pages":"57 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90238512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Waste Tires Rubber as Aggregates and Filler Additives","authors":"A. Ali, T. M. Hasan","doi":"10.4028/p-3j6R5Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-3j6R5Z","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of waste accumulation exists around the world, particularly in the densely populated regions. These waste materials not biodegradable in nature, so it is left as stocks or dumped illegally. The burning millions of tons of waste tires creates great risk. To prevent the hazardous effect of produced chemical gases (CO2) through combustion processes, many research attempts to use huge amounts of rubber waste in concrete mixes. In this paper, properties that are both fresh and hardened of self-consolidating concrete with different sizes of waste tires rubber and micro steel fibers were investigated. The various sizes of waste tires rubber were utilized in place of coarse and fine aggregates, limestone (Al-Gubra) and silica fume after obtaining a rubber size close to the size of each material that has been replaced. Coarse and fine aggregates were replaced with chip and crumb rubbers (20% and 10% by weight). Al-Gubra and silica fume were replaced with ground and finely ground rubbers (50%, 25%, and 12% by weight). The experimental results showed that the fresh properties of self-consolidating concrete had been adversely affected by incorporating micro steel fibers and scrap tires rubber, but remained within the European Federation of National Trade Association Representing Concrete (EFNARC). The results of tests also showed that the mechanical properties decrease when used rubbers as aggregates. However, the results demonstrated that the compressive as well as splitting tensile strength of specimens increased by replacing lime stone dust and silica fume with rubbers. The increases were (12.2-28.0) % and (11.6-41.9) % for compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, respectively.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"21 1","pages":"69 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88447745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waffle, Ribbed and Composite Joists Slabs: A Review Study","authors":"Abdullah Sikar Hassan Al-Issawi, Najlaa Hameed Alshareef, A. Al-Ameeri","doi":"10.4028/p-8b9MJ9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8b9MJ9","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the importance of the joists slab system as an excellent solution for increasing span demands in different building types, investigating its properties becomes essential for different researchers. The effects of numerous parameters on the structural behaviour of the joists slab system, whether it was a waffle, ripped, or composite sections were reviewed in this paper from past studies. This study aims to determine the most effective parameters for the joist's system loading capacity. The main conclusions were that the slab thickness and joist height were the critical parameters for increasing the load capacity and stiffness of the slab. Furthermore, a small opening in the slab was more efficient in reducing the punching shear effect than larger openings. While providing stiffening rips around the opening was more effective in rose load bearing and reducing deflection than strengthening by carbon fibre sheets.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"3 1","pages":"31 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90074289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Shear Strength of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete under Ambient Condition","authors":"Hammad H. Munthir, H. M. Albegmprli","doi":"10.4028/p-vOJ8Ko","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vOJ8Ko","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymer is an innovative cement substitute constructed of alkali-activated cementitious materials (AACMs). Researchers interested in improving concrete's structural resistance, toughness, and flexure tensile strength have turned their focus to geo-polymer concrete binders. To completely understand how geopolymer binders act under these circumstances, it is necessary to investigate their behavior when exposed to multiaxial stress states. The purpose of this review is to examine geopolymer cement in depth and to get a better understanding of its mechanical characteristics. In this analysis, we see that Geopolymer concrete, in particular its compressive and tensile strengths, provides higher resilience. GPC is an eco-friendly material since it reduces emissions and requires less water for curing. Incorporating hybrid polypropylene and steel fibers to ternary mixed geopolymer concrete improves its mechanical qualities.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"7 1","pages":"45 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74032544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of FRP Strengthening of RC Girder Curved Soffits","authors":"Marwa Zaid Kareem, Qusay W. Ahmed","doi":"10.4028/p-Kj1llk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-Kj1llk","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is being used more and more to make concrete structures stronger. In this study, nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis was used to model and compare the influence of curvature performance on the behavior of the simply-supported RC curved soffit reinforced girders strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer plates (CFRP) with a curve height of 5 to 130 mm. In this study, two models with different heights of curve (5 and 130 mm) and references for each model were used. Each model had dimensions that were similar to those of the models used in the program in terms of cross-sectional area and effective span. Simulations were done on the girders to find out how the load moved in relation to the mean range, the failure load, and the failure mode. This was done so that the effect of curvature on the performance of this type of structural element could be understood. The results show that the girder of height of curve is 5 mm more than 130 mm of the analytical ultimate load compared with that experimentally with a difference of only 4.5%, and 4.2% respectively. The load-displacement curves of the experimental tests were accurately simulated with the help of a nonlinear finite element model.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"18 1","pages":"23 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87868076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Clay Soils Utilizing Okra Tips","authors":"Khalid W. Abd Al-Kaream, Mohammed D. Noori, Mudhafar K. Hameedi, Zainab H. Shaker","doi":"10.4028/p-gOor20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-gOor20","url":null,"abstract":"Soft clay soil is well known to deform and fail beneath a light surcharge load and being described via high compressibility, low shear strength, and high content of water. The objective of the present study is to determine the optimum okra tips that can be added to stabilize soft clayey soil. Several tests were conducted to determine how varying percentages of okra two ends plants (3, 6 and 9%) for all additives to the dry weight of soil affect the results. The experimental work is used to get the percent of consistency limits, compaction, consolidation, and unconfined compressive strength of the two okra ends increased significantly over time until the improvise continuously decayed. As per the research results, adding, 9%, okra tips stabilizer increased the shear strength and efficiently bonded soil particles together, of resulting in the best engineering qualities. Raising the end content of okra leads to a 57 percent increase in the unconfined compressive strength in content 9 % okra tips.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"44 1","pages":"3 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77734997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Dimensional Finite Element Model of Railway Ballasted Track System under Dynamic Train Loading","authors":"Z. Alkaissi","doi":"10.4028/p-6X6HPi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6X6HPi","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need for railway systems and upgrade their infrastructure to meet the future growing demand. This would expand the railway network by planning new track routes to increase the efficiency of railway transportation by running behavior of high train speeds between urban cities. The track/ballast; sleepers; and subgrade foundation system are important superstructure parts that need to be upgraded and improved to withstand high train speeds. A numerical finite element technique significantly benefits in simulating the impact of the dynamic response and predicting the deformation and stress distribution in the railway ballasted system. A three-dimensional finite element program PLAXIS ver. (20) have been utilized in this research to analyze the track of complex behavior under train loading. The vertical displacement of 3.8 mm was obtained at the rail/wheel contact point and greater than at the ballast embankment by about (19%) and (37%) for the subgrade foundation. Also, the maximum value of vertical displacement corresponds with the movement path of the train load is reduced laterally as the distance from the track centerline increases. The maximum vertical acceleration of 15.2 m/s2 was obtained at surface points under track loading and decreased gradually with increased depth below the ballast embankment layer to reach a minimum value of 1.2 m/s2. The vertical deformation was 1.3 mm, 2 mm, and 3.9 mm for 40 km/hr, 50 km/hr, and 60 km/hr respectively, and increased rapidly to 15 mm for train velocity greater than 70 km/hr due to the significant increase in train vibration level at higher speed. A critical train speed of 70 km/hr was observed that promoted the level of vibration and magnified the area of influence.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":"11 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82848215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Alternative Materials for Sail Mast of Sandeq","authors":"A. Alamsyah, Josh Fortuna Arruan, A. Arifuddin, M. U. Pawara, F. Mahmuddin","doi":"10.4028/p-w8HlTY","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-w8HlTY","url":null,"abstract":"Sandeq is a type of outrigger sailing boat used by Mandar fishermen to catch fish as well as a mode of transportation between islands. Sandeq boat has a mast made of bamboo that is called pattung. Recently, the raw material for the mast is very rare, so it is necessary to find alternative materials with equal quality and strength. In this study, numerical simulations were carried out by modeling masts made of aluminum, fiberglass and bamboo using Finite Element Method (FEM). The workload used is the maximum load of the main sail. The results showed that alternative materials that can replace bamboo are aluminum 6061 (AL 6061) and fiberglass (FRP). By applying the caseload on the Sandeq mast, it is found that the AL 6061 experiences stress with 78 MPa, and FRP experiences stress with 150 MPa. Both of these materials are suitable for use as an alternative material for the Sandeq mast with a safety factor SF ≥ 5.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"13 1","pages":"45 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82276680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Critical Load on Quadrilateral and Circular Hollow Pipes under Pure Bending and Pure Torsion","authors":"H. Yudo, Habib Susilo, D. Chrismianto, M. Djaeni, A. Muhammad","doi":"10.4028/p-O7PxFd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-O7PxFd","url":null,"abstract":"Instability is one of the factors causing damage and injury that results in permanent disability. To increase the stable load-carrying capacity, a simplified and efficient computational method for determining the first critical load is necessary for the structure's structural design, application and safety. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the critical bending moment Mbcr and the critical torsion moment MTcr due to geometric size variations in the square, diamond, and circle cross-sectional hollow pipes so that consideration of the selection of hollow pipe size and cross-sectional shape is obtained under pure bending and pure torsion to minimize the occurrence of instability of the structure. The geometric size variation is carried out by changing the value of a/t in the quadrilateral pipe, the value of D/t in the circular pipe, and the length of the pipe L in each cross-sectional shape. This research was conducted using Finite Element Analysis-based software with linear and nonlinear buckling analyses. The moment load is given at the centre point of the model end, and the boundary conditions are set to see the deformation on the mid-span section of the pipe. The results showed that Mbcr and MTcr were inversely proportional to the values of a/t, D/t, and . The largest value of Mbcr belongs to the circular pipe. The value of Mbcr in the diamond pipe is greater than the square pipe but getting closer to the same as the value of L increases the MTcr value of both cross-sections is the same. The MTcr curve in the cross-section of the circle has a higher degree of steepness than the square and diamond cross-section. At the same value, the more the value of a/t and D/t increases thickness change has more compared to the circular pipe. At the same L, the greater the value of a/t and D/t, the difference in the Mbcr between the cross-section of the circle and the quadrilateral is smaller, but the difference in MTcr tends to be the same. At the same value of a/t and D/t, the oval deformation value and angle of twist will get bigger, but the Mbcr and MTcr values are getting smaller and will be constant at a given pipe length.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":"7 1","pages":"21 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87507176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}