Construction Technologies and Architecture最新文献

{"title":"Lantana Camara Plant-Biochar Added Cementitious Mortar for Carbon Sequestration: Effect on Early-Age Properties","authors":"Mir Hamsa Ellahi, Muhammad Salman Siddique, Sharjeel Haider Siddique, Hameed Ullah, Israr Ahmad, Anwar Khitab","doi":"10.4028/p-lf8xsk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-lf8xsk","url":null,"abstract":"Present study deals with the use of nano/micro sized particles acquired through pyrolysis of biomass. Lantana Camara (plant) was transformed into Biochar, which was further reduced to nano/micro size by ball milling. Biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 550°C in an inert environment. The biochar was added to cementitious mortar mixes in quantities of 0, 0.05, and 0.1% by weight of cement. Early age properties were examined and compared with those of the control specimens. The results showed reduction in density, compressive strength and consistency and an increase in setting time, and flexural strength. It is concluded that the addition of the biochar of Lantana Camara enhances the performance of the cementitious mortars in some parameters. Hence, green, and more performing cementitious products can be manufactured by adding the biochar of the waste plant. This will also add to Carbon sequestration, which is a global point of concern.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Material Database for the Flood-Resistant Housing","authors":"Syed Muhammad Shahrukh Ali, Rana Rabnanwaz Ahmed","doi":"10.4028/p-vwt4ov","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vwt4ov","url":null,"abstract":"Flooding has been a recurring disaster in the 21st century, with an annual average of 168 out of 370 events worldwide. According to the International Disaster Database (IDD), 57.1 million people were impacted by floods worldwide in 2022, with Pakistan accounting for 33 million people. With that massive impact, its management is of utmost importance, and fortunately, flood is not a type of disaster whose consequences cannot be mitigated. One of the obvious way is to look at the damages in retrospective way i.e., doing relief works, but it should be a less preferred choice. Rather, looking things in a prospective manner i.e., building flood-resistant houses (FRH). In literature, various flood mitigation strategies were present, which are discussed in this paper. However, it is also observed from the literature review that, the usage of various flood-resistant materials (FRM) results in improving the house ability to withstand inundation and extreme rainfall conditions. Like other developing countries, due to the global economic crises, availability of cost-effective materials for building FRH is currently a matter of concern in Pakistan. Furthermore, there is very little structured information available in the market as well. This study contributes in addressing this research gap, by designing a generic material database for FRH, and discuss its possible usage in the context of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Using Human Hair Fiber as Reinforcement","authors":"Ali Ahmer Faheem, Aqeel Ahmed, Abdul Rahim Khan, Zaheer Ahmed, Naveed Anjum, Hasnain Ahmed","doi":"10.4028/p-3fdajs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-3fdajs","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for sustainable construction materials has spurred an exploration into alternative reinforcements for concrete. In recent years, human hair fibers have emerged as a promising eco-friendly option due to their abundance, cost-effectiveness, and impressive mechanical properties. Due to this study, various sources are tapped to acquire human hair fibers, which are then subjected to a series of tests to determine their physical and mechanical attributes, including tensile strength, elasticity, and aspect ratio. Following this, concrete samples are carefully prepared, with traditional coarse aggregate being partially replaced by varying volumes of human hair fibers. A comprehensive set of experiments is carried out to assess both the initial and solidified properties of the resulting hair fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC). The mechanical features of HFRC, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength, are scrutinized and compared to those of standard concrete. An extensive investigation into how the volume of hair fibers influences these properties is conducted, pinpointing the optimal fiber dosage. Additionally, a microstructural analysis of HFRC is conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to shed light on the connection between the hair fibers and the cementitious matrix. The research findings confirm that including human hair fibers enhances the mechanical performance of concrete. The results emphasize improved tensile strength, ductility, and resistance to cracking in HFRC when compared to traditional concrete. Furthermore, the study delves into the economic and environmental benefits of using human hair fibers as a reinforcing material. The significance of this study lies in its substantial contribution to the field of sustainable construction materials by harnessing a renewable and readily available resource. The implications of these findings for the construction industry are profound, offering an innovative way to improve the mechanical properties of concrete while simultaneously reducing its environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Using Various Types of Coarse Aggregates of Different Quarries","authors":"Shoaib Ali, Aqeel Ahmed, Abdul Rahim Khan, Zaheer Ahmed, Naveed Anjum, Mozam Ali","doi":"10.4028/p-2mswei","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2mswei","url":null,"abstract":"This research study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the mechanical properties of concrete in the specific context of Pakistan. It will utilize a variety of aggregate sources, including Sakhi Sarwar crush, Margallah crush, Sargodha crush, and Quetta crush. The primary objectives of the study encompass a thorough analysis of the physical and mechanical characteristics of these aggregates. Additionally, the study seeks to investigate how the choice of aggregate type affects the mechanical properties of concrete and how different mix designs impact the performance of the concrete. Ultimately, the research aims to identify the optimal mix design for each aggregate source and conduct a comparative evaluation of the resulting mechanical properties. The importance of this study lies in its potential to make a significant contribution to the construction industry in Pakistan. The findings are expected to offer valuable insights that can inform decisions regarding aggregate selection and enhance the optimization of concrete mix designs, there by leading to improved concrete performance, durability, and advancements in infrastructure development. Furthermore, this research aligns with sustainable development goals by promoting responsible consumption and production, sustainable urban development, climate action, and sustainable land use practices. It's worth noting that this study has certain limitations, such as its focus on a limited number of aggregate sources and its reliance on laboratory-based experiments. However, this research serves as a foundation for future studies and emphasizes the importance of collaboration, knowledge sharing, and ongoing research efforts to improve construction practices in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cement-Less Recycled Aggregate Concrete: A Sustainable Solution for Future Constructions in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Bin Umer, Qasim Shaukat Khan, Asad Ullah Qazi, Fawad Ahmed, Muhammad Shayan Ali, Muhammad Arslan Sarwar","doi":"10.4028/p-vjlm3u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vjlm3u","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change as a result of global warming has become one of the worlds’ most pressing concerns. The release of greenhouse gases (GHG), primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere increases global warming. The concrete is the second most used material and cement is the key element in concrete. The cement production releases GHG in the atmosphere, which increases global warming and consequently results in climate change. This research utilizes, fly ash (FA) as 100% replacement of cement in concrete, which will reduce the reliance of construction industry on the cement production and will help to reduce the adverse impacts of climate changes. Moreover, recycled aggregates (RA) prepared from construction and demolition (C&D) wastes are used as varying percentage replacements of natural aggregates (NA) in cement-less recycled aggregate concrete (CRAC), which will help to reduce the depletion of natural resources. This research investigates the influences of varying percentage replacements of NA with RA (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and molarity of NaOH solution (12 M, 14 M and 16 M) on the compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) of CRAC mixes. A total of 15 CRAC mixes were prepared. Each mix comprised three 100 mm cube specimens and three prism specimens sized 75 mm x 75 mm x 300 mm. The research concluded that the CS and FS decreased with the increase in percentage replacements of NA with RA. Moreover, the CS and FS increased as the molarity of NaOH solution was increased from 12 M to 16 M. The CS and FS was reduced by 29.1% and 31.1% respectively at 100% replacement of NA with RA at 16 M compared to 12 M NaOH solution. The CS and FS increased by 30% and 31.9% respectively at 16 M NaOH solution compared to 12 M NaOH solution at 25% replacement of NA with RA.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Modeling of Water Hammer Phenomenon in Hydropower Pipelines - A Case Study of Keyal Khawar Hydropower Plant","authors":"Muhammad Aslam, Ahsan Ali, Muhammad Kaleem Ullah, Muhammad Shafqat Ejaz, Bisma Khalid, Rana Sharjeel Ayaz","doi":"10.4028/p-2mes8o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2mes8o","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at development and application of a numerical model; WHPANM (Water Hammer Phenomenon Analysis Numerical Model), to investigate the water hammer phenomenon in the penstock of the Keyal Khawar hydropower plant in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The model, written in Visual Basic, utilized the numerical method of characteristics to solve the momentum and continuity water hammer equations. Results indicated that using a 2.2 m diameter pipe resulted in a maximum and minimum pressure head of 1462 m and 1420 m. Increasing the diameter to 3.0 m decreased the maximum pressure head to 1448 m, while the minimum pressure head increased to 1422 m. Conversely, decreasing the diameter to 1.0 m led to a maximum and minimum pressure head of 1522 m and 1363 m, respectively. Regarding pipe length, a standard length of 900 m maintained maximum and minimum pressure heads at 1462 m and 1420 m, respectively. Extending length to 1400 m increased maximum pressure head to 1485 m. Conversely, shortening length to 300 m resulted in a decreased maximum pressure head of 1436 m, with minimum pressure head remaining constant at 1420 m. To prevent water hammer damage in high head hydropower plants, study recommends utilizing a 2.2 m diameter penstock pipe and coordinating valve closure times accordingly. The study suggests a systematic design approach, optimal penstock diameter, and less rigid pipe materials to mitigate water hammer effects. The WHPANM model demonstrated strong concordance with the original data generated by the commercial software employed by the consultant for the Kyal Khwar hydropower plant.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Global Partnerships for Sustainable Development for a Resilient Future","authors":"Shakeel Ahmed, Nafees Ahmed Memon, A. Memon, Z. Jattak, Syed Abdullah Shah","doi":"10.4028/p-5e86o7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5e86o7","url":null,"abstract":"The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were approved by the global community in 2015as a collaborative plan to achieve a sustainable future. The achievement of sustainable development goals needs successful global linkages and partnerships (SGD-17) that can organize resources, share technologies, knowledge, and collaborate efforts between countries and organizations. However, global partnerships and linkages experience several barriers and challenges that hinder their effectiveness and impede advancement towards digitalization, green technologies, and regional diversification. This research intends to make up this gap by addressing aforementioned problems through examining role of global linkages to achieve sustainable development goals, identifying the main challenges and barriers in achieving these objectives, and to recommend polices and suggestions to strengthen these linkages and maximize their impact. To achieve the objectives of the study, a thorough review of academic literature, government reports, industry databases and policy documents, questionnaire survey and expert interviews were carried out to understand the present level of knowledge about global linkages and sustainable development goals. The data was obtained by using well-structured questionnaires through experienced professionals working as academic research, government official, NGOs and private sector professionals working in the construction industry. An online questionnaire was floated among different groups from which 128 returned and 32 were rejected, as the respondents have no understanding about sustainable development. Mean Item Score through SPSS was used to analyze the data.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Assessment of Healthcare Facilities in Sindh","authors":"Muhammad Kamran Mansur, Ali Saleem Kazi","doi":"10.4028/p-yiz7wu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-yiz7wu","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the existing condition of the energy supply through power grids, photovoltaic (PV) system commonly known as Solar Powered system, generators etc. to 81 healthcare facilities in Sindh that were identified during rapid assessment. As the Country is facing load shedding challenges, these healthcare facilities, apart from few, are not immune from it. This makes alternate sources of energy one of the most needed elements for a healthcare facility. In response to the findings, the paper underlines the importance of efficient utilization of existing PV system setup which is available in almost all healthcare facilities however underutilized due to various factors. This study helped in finding true potential of the PV system utilization. Ultimately, this research highlights the importance of environmental aspect from energy perspective in healthcare facility and present the effective utilization of already installed solar energy to make it viable solution in healthcare infrastructure which align with the principles of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to Sustainable City Development for Karachi - Pakistan","authors":"Nida Azhar, Rahyab Ahmed Khan, Farrukh Arif","doi":"10.4028/p-dacz4d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-dacz4d","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable development entails the responsible utilization of resources while safeguarding the needs of future generations. Central to the concept is the creation of sustainable urban systems within cities, spanning energy, water, waste management, food production, green spaces, parks, and transportation. These sustainable city elements are rooted in environmental and social considerations, striving to balance economic growth with environmental preservation. This paper delves into the intricate web of challenges confronting sustainable development in Pakistan. It draws from a comprehensive review of relevant literature and primary data collected from policymakers, experts, and stakeholders. The research uncovers a myriad of obstacles, including poverty, illiteracy, inequality, inadequate infrastructure, and political instability, hindering the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, climate change impacts, water scarcity due to population growth, natural resource depletion, and environmental degradation pose significant threats. To surmount these challenges, this study advocates for targeted governmental policies, emphasizing economic diversification and increased public investment in critical infrastructure to foster social inclusion and elevate living standards for all strata of society. An integrated approach to resource management, alongside community capacity-building initiatives, especially in the context of climate change mitigation, is also essential).","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Computer Vision in Construction Estimations and 3D Modelings","authors":"Mamoona Rasheed, Hamza Munsif, Saqib Mehboob","doi":"10.4028/p-yqh52b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-yqh52b","url":null,"abstract":"Computer vision and building information modeling (BIM) have gained significant attention in various fields, including construction, architecture, and infrastructure management. This study presents a novel method for automatically generating 3D models and estimating quantities of construction materials from 2D scanned floor plans using computer vision techniques. The proposed Python-based program integrates complex steps, such as image processing, line and room detection, wall recognition, and 3D model generation using Blender. Additionally, the program accurately calculates the areas of different elements in the floor plan and provides detailed cost estimations for materials like cement, steel, bricks, and tiles for various masonry construction. The results of the program are encouraging, showcasing its potential to be a valuable tool in the future for digital 3D modeling and estimation in construction projects. The program aims to minimize human effort and automate processes, making it user-friendly and efficient for architects, contractors, and clients alike. However, some limitations exist, such as resolution restrictions and sub-structure estimations, which can be addressed in future enhancements.","PeriodicalId":10603,"journal":{"name":"Construction Technologies and Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}